1. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-
6367(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME
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SIGNATURE SEEKING DRIVE FOR INCENTIVE BASED AD
DISSEMINATION IN VEHICULAR NETWORKS
Dr.S.Rajalakshmi1
, S.T.Tharani2
1
Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jay Shriram Group
of Institutions
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jay Shriram Group
of Institutions
ABSTRACT
This paper explores the concept of vehicular adhoc network (VANET).Here, the
communication nodes are vehicles. Each and every vehicle can communicate with each other
and also can communicate with infrastructure for some service. This infrastructure is
imagined to be presented along the roads. By using this vehicular adhoc network, the users
can have more benefits and services. A promising application over vehicular adhoc network
is, an advertiser can use this VANET to distribute their ads through vehicle to vehicle
communication. Due to the non-cooperative node (Selfish and malicious nodes), this ad
system cannot be realized until the correct incentives and security process are in place. The
work describes the Signature Seeking Drive which is the secure framework, which performs
the cooperative distribution of ad message between vehicular users in secure manner. The
Public Key Infrastructure provided incentive to cooperative nodes. Our proposed work also
search to develop an incentive system in which an ad provider can provides the rewards
directly to the users and pedestrians also distribute their ads through their smart PDAs.
Keywords - Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET), Ad Dissemination, Incentive, Public Key
Infrastructure (PKI).
I. INTRODUCTION
This work introduced the vehicular ad hoc network, which performs on the road
through the smart vehicle consists of computing resources, sensing devices and short range
radios for communicating with other vehicles and also roadside infrastructure.Here,the main
thing is networks on the road and it gives some services. An ad distribution through vehicle
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
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ISSN 0976 – 6367(Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6375(Online)
Volume 4, Issue 3, May-June (2013), pp. 23-31
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2. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-
6367(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME
24
to vehicle communication is the most truthful application over the networks. By using this
system an ads can be distributed through vehicle to roadside communication by ad provider.
Then other vehicles start to distribute those ads by forwarding them to another vehicle while
moving when it received the information. Similarly each vehicle can forward those ads
continuously for a particular time period. In this, the selfish users don’t want to forward the
ads whenever it received the ads. The network by sending out dummy ads, without correct
security, that’s why the incentive and security process has been taken.
In such system, Public Key Infrastructure is the best way to satisfy the security
requirements in vehicle communication by digital signature. It gives its certified identity and
secure location verify scheme. By this authentication, security in VANETs becomes strong.
This paper presented one secure incentive framework for ad distribution in VANET which is
named as Signature Seeking Drive (SSD). It provides incentive to the users based on their ad
services. It just likes a reward which is provided by micropayment charging/rewarding
scheme. During the driving, it may collect many receipts. By using this receipt, user can
exchange the receipt to virtual cashier and get some cash from receipt-providing nodes. By
using this virtual cash, users can fill the gas for their vehicles in gas station.
Goal of the paper
Advertisers in all those types probably want to spread their ads in secure
manner.However,from a viewpoint of vehicle users, those commercial ads are only give the
benefit to the business companies and they are exploiting vehicle user’s resources for their
own profit. Users probably want some type of incentive to stimulate cooperation. Thus the
graceful compromise between these two sides is that advertisers pay charges for network
resources or advertising charges. Vehicular ad system projected secure incentive framework
for commercial ad spread in VANETs which is named as Signature Seeking Drive
(SSD).This framework stimulates cooperative distribution of ad messages among vehicular
users in a secure way and it also provided the secure ad distribution between the vehicles and
pedestrians PDAs.
II. SYSTEM MODEL
In this section to described our vehicular network module.
A.VANET Network module
We used SWANS (Scalable Wireless Ad hoc Network Simulation) vehicular network
simulator. SWANS have been shown to be scalable and efficient; it supported the large
number of mobile nodes. SWANS fully implemented the IEEE 802.11a protocol. All vehicles
in our simulations have a transmission range of 300m. The roadway is a four-lane divided
highway of length 100 km. Vehicles are entered into that highway according to the Poisson
distribution and travel at a maximum speed of 30 m/s. The simulation is run for 360 seconds
and generated the 500 vehicles. In the 360-second simulation runtime, the maximum distance
traveled by any vehicle is 10 km. In the high density case there are averages of 90 vehicles /
km. In medium density traffic, there is an average of 66 vehicles / km and in low density
there is an average of 53 vehicles / km.

3. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-
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In this module we develop a VANET Network model. In that each node (vehicle) can
communicate with other nearby nodes (vehicles) to perform some useful applications. Our
vehicular network module assumes that, each registered node keeps its own certificate [i.e.,
public/private key pair issued by a certificate authority (CA)]
Certificate authority (CA)
The certificate authority has two roles:
1) Government Authority
2) Vehicle Manufacturer
In this the first one has many administrative problems, the vehicle manufacturer also
trustworthy one. So we need to give proper security to our VANET.
Vehicular Authority (VA)
The vehicular authority (VA) is the authority provider; it is given the authority to all the
vehicles to disseminate their ad in the VANET. The vehicle that get the permission from
VANET only disseminate ad in the network.VA also maintain the all ad payment transaction.
Utilize SWANS (Scalable Wireless Ad hoc
Network Simulation) vehicular network
simulator fully implements the IEEE
802.11a protocol
Vehicles are with transmission range of
300m and the roadway used is a four-lane
divided highway of length 100 km with total
simulation time 360 seconds.
A vehicle enters the highway according to a
Poisson distribution and travel at a
maximum speed of 30 m/s and the
maximum distance traveled by any vehicle
is 10 km.
Each node (vehicle) can communicate with
other nearby nodes (vehicles) or with fixed
roadside (fixed node) infrastructure
regarding safety-related warning functions,
traffic management, infotainment, payment
services, etc..,
Fig.1. Vehicular network module

4. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-
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B. One Level Advertisement
In one level advertisement the only one vehicle has the authority to disseminate the ad
in the VANET. Other vehicles are not having the authority to reuse the ad and this module
only suitable for local area communication.
Notations
Agreement with ADP
Advertisement dissemination
Approval for advertisement
Receipt redemption
One
level
advertis
ement
Fig. 2. One level advertisement

5. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-
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C. Multi Level Advertisement
In Multi level advertisement each every vehicles have the authority to disseminate the
ad in the VANET. The ad get by the one vehicle, it is nearer to the ad distribution point
(ADP).That ad should be reused by all the vehicles that have the vehicular authority over the
network. It is suitable for wide area communication.
I→VA: Commercial advertiser (I) get
permission from Vehicle authority (VA)
to disseminate ad for a certain period of
time and certain location
VA→I: After approval from VA, I
distribute its ad
I →u: Vehicle (u) agrees to
forward the ad of I at Ad
u → v: “u” continues to
advertise it to any newly
encountered vehicle or PDA
of pedestrian ”v” for a certain
Receiving vehicles returns digitally
signed reception for sending vehicle
These receipts are exchangeable at
Virtual Cashier (VC)
VC → VA: Virtual Cashier (VC)
sends the record to VA
VA → I: VA charges I for ad
dissemination of u as well as v
Similarly v → w, w → x, x
→ y, y → z
Multile
vel
Adverti
sement
Fig. 3 Multilevel Advertisement

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Fig 4. Localized Advertisement
Localized advertisement
Provider S can specify/include its target
advertising area along with the ad, and S’s
ADP contacts with each approaching
vehicle u
LOCS is the center (location coordinates) of
S’ target advertising area, and RNS is the
intended adverting radius (from LOCS).
u is not able to obtain a valid receipt outside
the target area (as described below) it
forwards ADS only within the specified
target area.
Locating information
After the proper message exchange with
ADP (depending on the ad-model used), u is
ready to advertise ADS
GPS-Based Approach:
While in the target area
(by checking if d (LOCu,
LOCS) ≤ RNS, where d(i,
j) is the distance between
two locations i and j, and
LOCu is u’s location
coordinate available by
GPS), adverting vehicle
u may advertise ADS to
any newly approaching
vehicle v
Infrastructure Based Approach Vehicles
can obtain their location information from
the infrastructure that broadcasts beacon
signals. the existing cellular base stations
periodically broadcast one beacon signal
per second, and the signals carry
information such as a cellular network
identifier, location, timestamp, signature,
gateway address, paging area ID, and other
base station parameters. Using such
information, ad-receiving node v can react
to ADS forwarded from u

7. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-
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Start
Initial registration
of vehicles for VA
and CA public
key that becomes
Advertiser (I) who
needs to disseminate
their ad request
permission from
After approval Advertiser distribute
their ad for certain period and
certain area
A vehicle (u) agrees
to forward I’s ad at
Ad Distribution Point
(ADP)
Vehicle (u) continues
to advertise it to any
encountered vehicle or
road side pedestrian’s
PDA or smart phone
using localization
information
Receiving vehicle v,
returns digitally signed
receipt for u. This is
called single level ad
If then v transmits to
more nodes/vehicles
and digitally signed
receipt returned for
sender nodes. This is
called multilevel ad
These receipts are exchangeable at VC where
VC sends record to VA and it in turn charges
advertiser (I)
Stop
Initial registration of
pedestrian’s device
for PA and CA
public key that
becomes preloaded
Advertiser(I)
request
permission
from Pedestrian
Authority (PA)
The pedestrian
device (u) agrees to
forward I’s ad at Ad
Distribution Point
(ADP)
Pedestrian (u)
continues to
advertise it to any
encountered
vehicle or road
side pedestrian’s
PDA or smart
phone using
localization
Receiver,
returns
digitally
signed receipt
for u. This is
called single
level ad
dissemination
Fig. 5. Vanet with PDA

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D. Localized Advertisement
In localized advertisement some advisers want to disseminate their ad in particular
geographic area, for that purpose we used the localized model. Here we used the Location
coordinates (LOCs), S is the ad distributor and RNs is the adverting radius. In this we used
two approaches
1) GPS based Approach
2) Infrastructure based Approach
In the GPS based approach to estimated the distance between the two locations, if that value
is less than or equal to the RNs, after that only it disseminate the ad otherwise ad is not
disseminated in the network. But in GPS based approach we have one disadvantage; in this
not verify the receipt providing node authority. It should be satisfied in Infrastructure based
approach; in this we verified the receipt providing node authority by using the beacon signal
from base station, it should be nearer to the receipt providing node.
E.VANET with PDA
In this implemented the vehicular network with pedestrians Smart PDAs. Whenever
the vehicle to vehicle communication (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure communication
(V2I) is not possible that time the advertiser send their ads to the nearby pedestrians Smart
PDAs. Through those PDAs, that ad should be disseminating to the nearby vehicle. By using
this approach the ad dissemination speed will be increased. In this work also the security
overhead may be occurred and it should be managed by our Signature Seeking Drive
framework.
III CONCLUSION
The dissemination of commercial advertisements in VANETs is based on practical
aspects such as advertising intensity and dissemination locality. With both selfish users
(incentives) and malicious users (security) the developed SSD secure incentive framework
stimulates cooperative dissemination of ad messages among vehicular users in a secure way.
The SSD employs the concept of virtual cash to charge and reward the provision of
advertising service as an incentive for users in the network. The performance evaluation
results of SSD through analysis and simulation experiments reveal its robustness in both
incentive and security perspectives against various types of attacks and it showed the
effectiveness of our advertisement models.
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