A comparative study on different types of effective methods in text mining

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-
6367(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March – April (2013), © IAEME
535
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF EFFECTIVE
METHODS IN TEXT MINING: A SURVEY
#1 Inje Bhushan V. and #2 Prof. Mrs. Ujwalapatil
#1 Post Graduate Student M.E (Computer)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
R.C.Patel Institute of Technology,
Shirpur, DistDhule, Maharashtra, India.
#2 Associate Professor
(Department of Computer Science & engineering)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
R.C.Patel Institute of Technology,
Shirpur, DistDhule, Maharashtra, India.
ABSTRACT
Textmining is the one of the most resent area for research because of in databases
storing information in text form, to extracting information that is the challenging issue to
motivate textmining. This survey paper tries to cover the all textmining method that solves
these challenges. We presented an exhaustive survey of different pattern mining methods
proposed in the literature. Pattern mining methods have been used to analyze this data and
identify patterns. Textmining is the discovery by computer for extracting new, previously
unknown information and also by automatically extracting information from different written
resources.In this survey paper we discuss such successful techniques they gives effectiveness
over information retrieval in textmining.
Keywords: Textmining, Information Retrieval, Sequential pattern model, Pattern taxonomy
model.
1 INTRODUCTION
Nowadays most of the information in business, industry, government and other
institutions are stored in the form of text into databases. This text database contains semi
structured data in that they are not only completely unstructured and structured. For example,
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a document may contain a few structured fields, such as title, name of authors, date of
publication, category, and so on, but also contain some largely unstructured text components,
such as abstract and detail content. There have been a great deal of studies on the modeling
and implementation of semi structured data in recent database research. So that information
retrieval techniques [18], such as text indexing methods, have been developed to handle
unstructured documents. On other handin traditional search, the user is typically looking for
already known terms and has been written by someone else. The problem is in result
appearing all the material that currently is not relevant to your needs in order to find the
relevant information. This is the goal of textmining discover unknown information,
something that no one yet knows and so could not have yet written down.
Text mining is a variation on a field called data mining [2] that tries to find interesting
patterns from large databases. Text mining, also known as Intelligent Text Analysis, Text
Data Mining or Knowledge-Discovery in Text (KDT), refers generally to the process of
extracting interesting and non-trivial information and knowledge from unstructured text.
Figure 1. Shows a generic process model for a text mining application [1]. Starting
with a collection of documents, a text mining tool would retrieve a particular document and
preprocess it by checking format and character sets. Then it would go through a text analysis
phase, sometimes repeating techniques until information is extracted. Three text analysis
techniques are shown in the example, but many other combinations of techniques could be
used depending on the goals of the organization. The resulting information can be placed in a
management information system, yielding an abundant amount of knowledge for the user of
that system.
Information Extraction
In computers firstly it analyze unstructured text is to use information extraction [2].
An information extraction technique identifies key phrases and relationships within text. It
does this by looking for predefined sequences in text, a process called pattern matching. The
technique infers the relationships between all the
Figure 1. Generic Process Model for a Text MiningApplication
identified people, places, and time to provide the user with meaningful information. This
technology can be very useful when dealing with large volumes of text. Traditional data
mining techniques assumes that the information to be “mined” is already in the form of a
relational database. Unfortunately, for many applications, electronic information is only
available in the form of free natural-language documents rather than structured databases.

537
Since IE addresses the problem of transforming a corpus of textual documents into a more
structured database, the database constructed by an IE module can be provided to the KDD
module for further mining of knowledge as illustrated in Figure 2 [2].
Figure 2.Overview of Information Extraction Based Text Mining
Knowledge discovery
Knowledge discovery [19] and data mining have attracted a great deal of attention
with an imminent need for turning such data into useful information and knowledge. Many
applications, such as market analysis and business management, can benefit by the use of the
information and knowledge extracted from a large amount of data. Knowledge discovery can
be viewed as the process of nontrivial extraction of information from large databases,
information that is implicitly presented in the data, previously unknown and potentially
useful for users. Data mining is therefore an essential step in the process of Knowledge
discovery in databases. In the past decade, a significant number of data mining techniques
have been presented in order to perform different knowledge tasks.These techniques include
association rule mining, frequent item set mining, sequential pattern mining, maximum
pattern mining and closed pattern mining.
Most of them are proposed for the purpose of developing efficient mining algorithms
to find particular patterns within a reasonable and acceptable time frame. With a large
number of patterns generated by using data mining approaches, how to effectively use and
update these patterns is still an open research issue. In this paper, we focus on the
development of a knowledge discovery model to effectively use and update the discovered
patterns and apply it to the field of text mining.
Text mining is the discovery of interesting knowledge in text documents. It is a
challenging issue to find accurate knowledge (or features) in text documents to help users to
find what they want. In the beginning, Information Retrieval (IR) provided many term-based
methods to solve this challenge, such as Rocchio and probabilistic models [4], Rough set
models [4],Okapi BM25 and SVM [20] based filtering models.
The advantages of term-based methods in term of performance improvement for IR
and machine learning. However, term-based methods suffer from the problems of polysemy
and synonymy, where polysemy means a word has multiple meanings, and synonymy is
multiple words having the same meaning. The semantic meaning of many discovered terms is
uncertain for answering what users want.

538
2. METHODS AND MODELS USED IN TEXMINING
Traditionally there are so many technique was developed to solve the problem in
textmining that is nothing but the relevant information retrieval according to user’s
requirement. So that research in textmining broadly divides in several terms to find the
solution. The list of the datamining technique are often try to overcome the problem , and the
techniques likes Association rule mining[8],Sequential pattern mining[16] , close pattern
mining[4] , frequent itemset mining[16] ,maximum pattern mining [4], minimum pattern
mining[4] .
According to the information retrieval basically there are four methods are used
1) Term Based Method (TBM).
2) Phrase Based Method (PBM).
3) Concept Based Method (CBM).
4) Pattern taxonomy Method(PTM).
There are some more models are used to evaluate and improving the efficiency in textmining
like
A. Sequential pattern mining (SPM).
B. Sequential closed pattern mining (SCPM).
C. Frequent itemset mining (NSPM).
D. Frequent closed itemset mining (NSCPM).
The algorithms from the Data Mining community inherited some characteristics from the
association rule mining algorithms, and are best suited to work with many (from hundreds of
thousands to millions) sequences with relative small length (from 4 to 20). The first
algorithms proposed for this task were AprioriAll [2] and GSP[16], from Agrawal and
Srikant. Other algorithms like FreeSpan [8], PrefixSpan [4],SPADE [19], CloSpan [18],
SPAM [3], were developed afterwards and successively improved the task of find frequent
sequence patterns. Algorithms with particular features like, MEMISP [11] which is a memory
indexing approach, or SPIRIT [5], which integrates constraints to the mining process through
regular expressions, can also be found in literature.
Term Based Method (TBM).
In TBM [3] include efficient computation performance is the advantages are but in
other side there are also the limitation in TBM like it occurring polysemy and synonymy
problem polysemy mince word having multiple meaning and synonyms mince multiple word
having same meaning.
There are some methods based on TBM like
1. Rocchio and probabilistic models [4].
2. Rough set models [4].
3. BM25 and SVM based filtering models [4].
Phrase Based Method [PBM]
In PBM [4], phrases are less ambiguous and more discriminative than individual
terms, the likely reasons for the discouraging performance include:
1) Phrases have inferior statistical properties to terms,
2) They have low frequency of occurrence, and
3) There are large numbers of redundant and noisy phrases among them [4].

539
Concept Based Method
Text Mining techniques are mostly based on statistical analysis of a word or phrase.
The statistical analysis of a term frequency captures the importance of the term without a
document only. But two terms can have the same frequency in the same document. But the
meaning that one term contributes might be more appropriate than the meaning contributed
by the other term. Hence, the terms that capture the semantics of the text should be given
more importance. Here, a new concept-based mining is introduced [6].
In Concept-Based Information Retrieval Using Explicit Semantic Analysis[5]in this
paper author Concept-based IR using Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA) makes use of
concepts that encompass human world knowledge, encoded into resources such as Wikipedia
(from which an ESA model is generated), and that allow intuitive reasoning and analysis.
Feature selection is applied to the query concepts to optimize the representation and remove
noise and ambiguity.
Pattern Taxonomy Method
Pattern mining has been extensively studied in data mining communities for many
years. Many data mining techniques have been proposed in the last decade. These techniques
include association rule mining, frequent itemset mining, sequential pattern mining,
maximum pattern mining, and closed pattern mining. However, using these discovered
knowledge (or patterns) in the field of text mining is difficult and ineffective. The reason is
that some useful long patterns with high specificity lack in support (i.e., the low-frequency
problem). Here author NingZhonget.al argue that not all frequent short patterns are useful.
Hence, misinterpretations of patterns derived from data mining techniques lead to the
ineffective performance.
In this research work, an effective pattern discovery technique [3] has been proposed
to overcome the low-frequency and misinterpretation problems for text mining. The proposed
technique uses two processes, pattern deploying and pattern evolving, to refine the discovered
patterns in text documents. The experimental results show that the proposed model
outperforms not onlyother pure data mining-based methods and the concept-based model, but
also term-based state-of-the-art models, such as BM25 and SVM-based models.
Sequential pattern mining (SPM)
Before going to elaborate term SPM first we see what is Sequence Data? Sequence
data is omnipresent. Customer shopping sequences, medical treatment data, and data related
to natural disasters, science and engineering processes data, stocks and markets data,
telephone calling patterns, weblog click streams, program execution sequences, DNA
sequences and gene expression and structures data are some examples of sequence data.
A sequential pattern mining algorithm should
A. Find the complete set of patterns, when possible, satisfying the minimum
Support (Frequency) threshold,
B. Be highly efficient, scalable, involving only a small number of database scans
C. Be able to incorporate various kinds of user-specific constraints.
There are two major difficulties in sequential pattern mining:
(1) Effectiveness: the mining may return a huge number of patterns, many of which could be
uninteresting to users, and
(2) Efficiency: it often takes substantial computational time and space for mining the
complete set of sequential patterns in a large sequence database.

540
Table 1. Comparative summery of textmining methods
Model/ Method Approach /
Algorithm
Author Parameters Inference Inputs
Information
Retrieval
Rocchio[24] Thorsten
Joachims
Models,
documents and
queries as TF-IDF
vectors.
Learning is very fast
in this method
Set of
documents that
are not relevant
Association Rule
Mining[8]
Apriori [8] Agrawal
and Srikant
1994
association rules
with high support
and confidence
The proposed
algorithms always
outperform AIS and
SETM
Items in a large
database of
transactions
Sequential
Pattern
Mining[16]
SPADE [14] Mohammed J.
Zaki et all
Database D for
sequence mining
consists of a
collection Sid,Eid
SPADE outperforms
by a factor of two,
and by an order of
magnitude with some
pre-processed data
Text document
SPAM[] Jay Ayres, et
all 2002
Sequence of
document mining
consists of a
collection
SPAM outperforms
previous works up to
an order of
magnitude
Vertical bitmap
representation
of the database
with efficient
support
counting
Close Pattern
Mining [7]
CHARM[23] Mohammed J.
Zaki et all
set of all frequent
closed item-sets
CHARM performed
to discover the
longest pattern
IBM Almaden,
pumsb and
pumsb contain
census data
CloSpan[7] X. Yan, J.
Han, and R.
Afshar
frequent patterns
in the dataset
It mine long
sequence for KDD it
produces
significantly less
number of discovered
sequences.
Sequence of s,
Projected DB
D8 and
min_sup
Frequent
Itemset
Mining[13][27]
FPgrowth[27] C. Borgelt,
2005
prefix tree
representation of
the given database
of transactions
This algorithm can
save considerable
amounts of memory
for storing the
transactions.
set of
transactions
Maximal
Pattern Mining
[4][28]
MaxMiner[28] Mohammed J.
Zaki
real and synthetic
datasets
MaxMiner shows
good performance on
some datasets, which
were not used in
previous studies
Frequent
itemset
GenMax[22] Karam Gouda,
Mohammed J.
Zaki , 2003
frequent items and
thefrequent 2-
itemsets
This algorithm works
2 times faster than
other like Mafia PP
using dataset “Chess
and pumsb”
Dataset is in
the vertical
“tidset” format
Pattern
Taxonomy [3]
D-Pattern
Mining [3]
NingZhonget
all2012
deploying process,
which consists of
the d-pattern
discovery and term
support evaluation
The proposed
technique uses two
processes, pattern
deploying and pattern
evolving, to refine
the discovered
patterns in text
documents.
Positive
document D+,
minimum
support
min_sup

541
CONCLUSIONS
We discussed basics of textmining method. We presented an exhaustive survey of
different pattern mining methods proposed in the literature. Pattern mining methods have
been used to analyze this data and identify patterns. Such patterns have been used to
implement efficient systems that can recommend based on previously observed patterns, help
in making predictions, improve usability of systems, detect events and in general help in
making strategic product decisions. We envision that the power of Textmining mining
methods like Sequential pattern mining Pattern taxonomy model has not yet been fully
exploited. We hope to see many more strong applications of these methods in a variety of
domains in the years to come.
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