1. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 –
6480(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6499(Online) Volume 5, Issue 2, February (2014), pp. 121-127, © IAEME
121
PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SSBR STYRENE 40%,
VINYL CONTENT 46% BASED TRUCK TYRE TREAD CAP COMPOUNDS
WITH LPCA AND HPCA OILS
N. Kumar1
, P. L. Meena1
, A. S. Meena1
and K. S. Meena2
1
Department of Chemistry, M. L. S. University, Udaipur, Rajasthan-313001, India
2
Department of Chemistry, M. L. V. Govt. College, Bhilwara, Rajasthan-311001, India
ABSTRACT
Oils are organic substances added to polymers to improve their flexibility and process ability.
They increase the softness, elongation and low temperature flexibility and decrease the concentration
of intermolecular forces and the glass transition temperature, Tg of polymers. The aim of this
research was to investigate the physical-mechanical properties of sSBR regular and sSBR LPCA
(styrene 40%, Vinyl content 46%) Type-I based Truck Tyre Tread cap compound with LPCA oils
and a regular HPCA oil (TCR). Four different oils base formulation were investigated (unaged)
three with LPCA oils, one with regular HPCA oil. The influence of LPCA oil on physical-
mechanical properties was evaluated.
Keywords: Carcinogenic, HPCA, LPCA, Physical-Mechanical Properties.
1. INTRODUCTION
Due to the rapid growth in population, the numbers of vehicles are increasing every day. The
chemical content of tyre was investigated in detail by the European tyre producers association. High
content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are widely used as aromatic process oils for the
manufacturing of oil-extended natural or synthetic rubber also in finished tyres. However, various
studies report a potential carcinogenicity of these oils after tumours have been observed in mice skin
painting tests. The European legislation (EU Substance Directive 67/548/EEC) classifies these
distillate aromatic extracts as ‘Carcinogenic’ and allocates the risk phrase ‘R45’ (may cause cancer)
and the label ‘T’ (skull and cross-bones) to these mineral oil products The Kemi study, published in
1994 in Sweden, highlighted the environmental problems arising from the use of these potentially
carcinogenic products in tyre treads .Non-carcinogenic alternatives have been developed to replace
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ISSN 0976 - 6480 (Print)
ISSN 0976 - 6499 (Online)
Volume 5, Issue 2, February (2014), pp. 121-127
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2. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 –
6480(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6499(Online) Volume 5, Issue 2, February (2014), pp. 121-127, © IAEME
122
distillate aromatic extracts in rubber and tyre formulations. These new products also known as MES
and TDAE process oil can be made via the solvent extraction or hydro-treating process in various oil
refineries. In this research work, study has been carried out with low PCA oils, which have shown
some development in compound properties. Therefore it is essential to reduced HPCA contain in
tyres by any other means to save health and to prevent environmental pollution.
2. EXPERIMENTAL
2.1. Materials
To examine the influence of LPCA contain on physical mechanical properties of truck tyre
tread cap compound .In this research sSBR based (Regular sSBR and LPCA sSBR) rubber was used
and four different oils were used (Three LPCA, one Regular HPCA).
TABLE 1
S.N. Material Required
1 sSBR having regular aromatic oil
2 sSBR having low PCA oil Type-I
3 Regular oil
4 Low PCA oil
i. Oil No. -A
ii. Oil No.-B
iii. Oil No.-C
4 Filler N339 black
5 ZnO
6 Stearic Acid
7 6PPD
8 MC Wax
9 MS 40
10 S
11 TBBS
12 DCBS
13 PVI
2.2. Test methods
In order to investigate the physical mechanical properties of tire tread cap compound. The
green rubber compounds were cured in according ASTM D3182 in an electrically heated hydraulic
curing press using compression moulding. The moulding conditions followed to cure the compounds
were: 141°
C for 45 minutes for the stress-strain, and 141°C for 1 h for the determination of abrasion
loss and rebound resilience. The tensile properties were measured using a Zwick UTM 1445 in
accordance with SS-ISO 37 and SS-ISO 34. The hardness was measured with a Shore A Durometer,
M/s Prolific Engineers, New Delhi, India (SS-ISO 7619) and with a dead load IRHD tester, M/s H.
W. Wallance and Company Ltd., UK (SS-ISO 48). The abrasion loss at 10 N loads was measured in
a Zwick DIN Abrader (SS-ISO 4649).

3. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 –
6480(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6499(Online) Volume 5, Issue 2, February (2014), pp. 121-127, © IAEME
123
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The detailed of Physical-Mechanical Properties of Regular sSBR and LPCA sSBR (styrene
40%, Vinyl content 46%) Based Truck Tyre Tread Cap Compound unaged with LPCA and HPCA
Oils are reported as.
TABLE 2- 100% Modulus Unaged
S.N. Oils Grade 100% Modulus
1 TCR 1.9
2 Low PCA Oil-A 5.6
3 Low PCA Oil-B 5.7
4 Low PCA Oil-C 5.7
TABLE 4- Tensile Strenth (M.Pa) Unaged
S.N. Oils Grade Tensile
Strenth(M.Pa)
1 TCR 17.6
2 Low PCA Oil-A 16.9
3 Low PCA Oil-B 18.3
4 Low PCA Oil-C 17.8
TABLE 3- 300% Modulus Unaged
S.N. Oils Grade 300% Modulus
1 TCR 9.4
2 Low PCA Oil-A 10.2
3 Low PCA Oil-B 10.6
4 Low PCA Oil-C 10.5
TABLE 5- Hardness (S) Unaged
S.N. Oils Grade Hardness (S)
1 TCR 58
2 Low PCA Oil-A 60
3 Low PCA Oil-B 61
4 Low PCA Oil-C 60
TABLE- 6- Tear Strenth (N/mm) Unaged
S.N. Oils Grade Tear Strenth (N/mm)
1 TCR 43.4
2 Low PCA Oil-A 39.1
3 Low PCA Oil-B 40.0
4 Low PCA Oil-C 43.6

4. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 –
6480(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6499(Online) Volume 5, Issue 2, February (2014), pp. 121-127, © IAEME
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TABLE 7 - Abrasion Loss (mm3
) Unaged
S.N. Oils Grade Abrasion
Loss (mm3
)
1 TCR 76
2 Low PCA Oil-A 58
3 Low PCA Oil-B 56
4 Low PCA Oil-C 59
TABLE 8 -Rebound Resiliance at Room Temparature Unaged
S.N. Oils Grade Rebound
Resiliance R.T.
1 TCR 50
2 Low PCA Oil-A 45
3 Low PCA Oil-B 45
4 Low PCA Oil-C 44
TABLE 9 Rebound Resilience 700
C Unaged
S.N. Oils Grade Rebound
Resilience 700
C
1 TCR 67
2 Low PCA Oil-A 60
3 Low PCA Oil-B 60
4 Low PCA Oil-C 59
TABLE 10- Eleogation Break % Unaged
S.N. Oils Grade E. B. %
1 TCR 468
2 Low PCA Oil-A 449
3 Low PCA Oil-B 446
4 Low PCA Oil-C 441
FIGURE 1- 100% Modulus Unaged FIGURE 2- 300% Modulus Unaged

5. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 –
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FIGURE 3- Tensile Strenth (M.Pa) Unaged FIGURE 4 - Hardness Unaged
FIGURE 5 -Tear Strenth Unaged FIGURE 6 -Abrasion Loss Unaged
FIGURE 7-Rebound Resiliance Unaged FIGURE 8- Rebound Resiliance Unaged

6. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 –
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FIGURE 9- Elongation Break Unaged
4. CONCLUSIONS
From this study it is concluded that the effect of Aromatic contain on Physico-Mechanical
Properties of sSBR regular and sSBR LPCA ( styrene 40% ,Vinyl content 46%) type-I based Truck
Tyre Tread cap compound with LPCA oils , a regular HPCA oil that some properties are
pretentious with LPCA oils.
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank S. Das Gupta, HASETRI, Kankroli, Rajasthan for Supporting and
guiding this work.
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