2. 
Planes of the body
Anterior
 Posterior
 Superior
 Inferior
 Medial
 Lateral

Superficial
 Deep
 Internal
 External
 Proximal
 Distal


3. 
Directional Terms

4. 
Movement terms
Flexion
 Extension
 Abduction
 Adduction
 External Rotation
 Internal Rotation
 Pronation
 Supination

Lateral flexion
 Rotation
 Dorsiflexion
 Plantarflexion
 Inversion
 Eversion


5. 
Anatomic Position
Anatomical Position
 Supine
 Prone
 Sidelying
 Trendelenburg
 Reverse trendelenburg
 sitting


6. 


The human skeleton is a strong, flexible
framework of 206 bones that supports the body
and protects internal organs.
In addition, the bones of the skeleton store
calcium, a mineral essential for the activity of
nerve and muscle cells.
The soft core of bone, the bone marrow, is
where red blood cells, certain white blood cells,
and blood platelets form.

7. 2
3
1
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

10. Neck
- Contains important structures
- Cervical Vertebrae
- Spinal Cord
- Esophagus
- Trachea or Windpipe
- NAV ( vagus, carotid, jugular )

16. - 2nd Major Body Cavity
- Peritoneum
- Organs of Digestion and Excretion
- Boundary – Best described by
QUADRANTS

19. - Costal Arch (6th – 10th Ribs)
- Umbilicus (4th Lumbar)
- Iliac Crest (5th Lumbar)
- Symphysis Pubis

20. - Bony Ring (2 pelvic bones, 1 sacrum)
- Pelvic Bones (Ilium, Ischium, Pubis)
- Contents (Urinary Bladder, Reproductive
Organs, Rectum)

26. 

the provision of initial
care for an illness or
injury
usually performed by
non-expert, but trained
personnel to a sick or
injured person until
definitive medical
treatment can be accessed

27. 
OBJECTIVES:
 Preserve life
 Prevent further harm
 Promote recovery

28. 
•
RESPONSIBILITIES
Bridge the gap between the victim and the
physician
•
Ensure his own safety, that of the victim’s, and of
bystanders
•
Gain access to the victim
•
Determine threats to the victim’s life

29. •
RESPONSIBILITIES
Call for more medical assistance as needed
•
Provide emergency care to the victim
•
Assist Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs)
and other personnel when they arrive
•
Remember all assessments and care given to
the victim


30. 
CHARACTERISTICS
Gentle
Empathetic

Resourceful
Respectful

Observant
Dedicated

Tactful
Creative


31. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
Name, age, sex
Chief complain
A-B-C
Vital Signs
History
Physical Examination: how?
Further History

33. 
Obtain the patient’s name.

Note the age, gender, and race.

Look for identification if the patient is
unconscious.

34. 


The major sign and/or symptom reported by the
patient
Symptoms
– Problems or feelings a patient reports
Signs
– Conditions that can be seen, heard, felt,
smelled, or measured

35. 


S—Signs and Symptoms
– What signs and symptoms occurred at onset?
A—Allergies
– Is the patient allergic to medications, foods, or
other?
M—Medications
– What medications is the patient taking?

36. 
P—Pertinent past history

Does the patient have any medical history?
L—Last oral intake

When did the patient last eat or drink?
E—Events leading to injury or illness
–
–
–
What events led to this incident?

37. 


O—Onset
– When did the problem first start?
P—Provoking factors
– What creates or makes the problem worse?
Q—Quality of pain
– Description of the pain

38. 


R—Radiation of pain or discomfort
– Does the pain radiate anywhere?
S—Severity
– Intensity of pain on 1-to-10 scale
T—Time
– How long has the patient had this problem?

39. 
Key signs used to evaluate a patient’s condition

First set is known as baseline vitals.

Repeated vital signs compared to the baseline

40. 
Vital signs always include:
–
Respirations
–
Pulse
–
Blood pressure

41.  Other key indicators include:
–Skin temperature and condition in adults
–Capillary refill time in children
–Pupils
–Level of consciousness

42. 


Rate
– Number of breaths in
30 seconds 2
Quality
– Character of
breathing
Rhythm
– Regular or irregular



Effort
– Normal or labored
Noisy respiration
– Normal, stridor,
wheezing, snoring,
gurgling
Depth
– Shallow or deep

43. Adults
12 to 20 breaths/min
Children
15 to 30 breaths/min
Infants
25 to 50 breaths/min

44. 



Evaluates the effectiveness of oxygenation
Probe is placed on finger or earlobe.
Pulse oximetry is a tool.
Does not replace good patient assessment

47. 
Rate

Number of beats in 30 seconds
Strength

Bounding, strong, or weak (thready)
Regularity
–
–
–
Regular or irregular
2

48. Adults
60 to 100 beats/min
Children
70 to 150 beats/min
Infants
100 to 160 beats/min

49. 
Color

Pink, pale, blue, red,
or yellow
Temperature

Warm, hot, or cool
Moisture
–
–
–
Dry, moist, or wet

50. 

Evaluates the ability of the
circulatory system to
restore blood to the
capillary system
(perfusion)
Tested by depressing the
patient’s fingertip and
looking for return of blood

51. 

Blood pressure is a vital sign.
A drop in blood pressure may indicate:
Loss of blood
– Loss of vascular tone
– Cardiac pumping problem
–

Blood pressure should be measured in all
patients older than 3 years.

52. 



Diastolic
– Pressure during relaxing phase of the heart’s cycle
Systolic
– Pressure during contraction
Measured as millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
Recorded as systolic/diastolic

54. 



Place cuff on patient’s arm.
Palpate brachial artery and place stethoscope.
Inflate cuff until you no longer hear pulse
sounds.
Continue pumping to increase pressure by an
additional 20 mm Hg.

55. 

Note the systolic and diastolic pressures as
you let air escape slowly.
As soon as pulse sounds stop, open the valve
and release the air quickly.

56. 




Secure cuff.
Locate radial pulse.
Inflate to 200 mm Hg.
Release air until pulse is felt.
Method only obtains systolic pressure.

57. Age
Range
Adults
90 to 140 mm Hg
(systolic)
80 to 110 mm Hg
(systolic)
50 to 95(systolic)
Children (1 to 8 years)
Infants (newborn to 1 year)

58. A – Alert
V – Responsive to Verbal stimulus
P – Responsive to Pain
U – Unresponsive

59. 




Fixed with no reaction to light
Dilate with light and constrict
without light
React sluggishly
Unequal in size
Unequal with light or when light is
removed

61. 
P - Pupils

E - Equal

A - And

R - Round

R - Regular in size

L - React to Light

62. 
Reassess stable patients every 15 minutes.

Reassess unstable patients every 5 minutes.

63. • Chronic medical
condition in which the
blood pressure in the
arteries is elevated
• Requires the heart to
work

64. 








Roll up the patient’s loose sleeve. The patient should be sitting up if possible,
and the arm should be relaxed.
Wrap the inflatable cuff around the arm, above the bend of the arm.
Place the ear pieces of the stethoscope in your ears.
Place the round side of the stethoscope underneath the cuff. It should be
placed over the spot where you can feel the brachial artery pulse.
Ensure that the air valve on the bulb is closed tight.
Inflate the cuff to about 180 mm Hg.
Stop inflating and let the cuff begin deflation. You will need to turn the air
valve to let the air make its way out of the cuff.
Listen for a sound as the pressure drops. The first sound you hear will be the
measurement for the systolic blood pressure (when the artery is opening).
Make a note of this measurement either by writing it down or committing it to
memory.
Note where the measurement on the sphygmomanometer is when the last
sound you hear takes place. This will be the diastolic blood pressure
measurement.

65. •
•
•
•
•
•
Headache
Lightheadedness
Vertigo
Tinnitus
Altered vision
Fainting episodes

66. • Let the patient rest
• Give emergency
medications
• Monitor patient

67. • HEART
•
•
•
is a muscular organ found
directly under the
breastbone
Weighs between 6 and 11
ounces
Pumps about 2,000 gallons
worth of blood through
your body everyday

68. • HEART
Using rhythmic
contractions, it circulates
blood through veins and
arteries which supplies
tissues with oxygenated
blood
• Activated by its own
electrical system
• Requires oxygen to work
properly
•

69. • HEART ATTACK
• Blood supply to the heart
or part of the heart is cut
off partially or
completely decreasing
the amount of oxygen
delivered to the heart
muscle….this leads to the
death of the heart muscle

70. • Risk Factors
Age
Sex
DM
High BP
Dyslipedemia/
hypercholesterolemia
• Tobacco smoking
including 2nd hand
smokers
•
•
•
•
•

71. • Risk Factors
• Short term exposures to air
pollution such as carbon
monoxide, nitrogen dioxide,
sulfur dioxide
• Family history of ischemic
heart disease
• Obesity
• Lack of physical activity

72. 
BMI= kg of bw/(ht in meter)²


= lbs / (ht in inches) * 703

73. BMI
Classification
< 18.5
underweight
18.5–24.9
normal weight
25.0–29.9
overweight
30.0–34.9
class I obesity
35.0–39.9
class II obesity
≥ 40.0
class III obesit

74. • Risk Factors
•
•
•
•
Psychosocial Factors
Alcohol
Use of OCP
Hyperhomocystenemia

75. • Signs and Symptoms
 Chest pain or discomfort
 Upper body discomfort in
one or both arms, the
back, neck, jaw, or upper
part of the stomach
 Shortness of breath
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Light-headedness
 Breaking out in a cold
sweat

76. • What to do
• Have the person sit down,
rest, and try to keep calm
• Loosen any tight clothing
• Help the person take his
medication (if there’s any)
• If the person is unconscious
and unresponsive your
local emergency number,
then begin CPR

77. • broad term that is
used to describe
discomfort when
breathing, and the
feeling that you
cannot draw a breath

78. 







a faster breathing rate
wheezing
blue fingernails and/or
mouth
pale or gray complexion
head sweat
flaring nostrils
Chest pain
Cough

79. Newborn and
infant
Up to 6 month old 30-60 breaths/ min
Infants
6 to 12 months old 24-30 breaths/min
Toddlers and
children
1 to 5 years old
20-30 breaths/min
Children
6 to 12 years
12-20 breaths/min
Adult
>12
12-20 breaths/ min

80. 






Chest moving in an
unusual way as the
person breathes
Confusion
Lightheadedness
Weakness
Sleepiness
Fever
Gurgling

81. 





Check A-B-C
Loosen any tight clothing
Help use prescribed
medication
Continue monitoring patient
DO NOT assume that the
person's condition is
improving if you can no
longer hear wheezing
If there are open wounds in
the neck or chest, they must
be closed immediately

82. 
known as excessive
breathing, causes a
reduction of carbon
dioxide concentration
(below normal) of the
blood

83. 








Tense feeling
Dizziness
Fast or deep breathing
Tingling in fingers and
hands
Stiffness or cramps in fingers
and hands
Tightness around the mouth
Cold hands or feet
Palpitations in the chest
Anxiety

84. 


Keep the patient calm
Move patient in a
quiet room
7-11 breathing

85. 


any body temperature
above the normal of
98.6 F (37 C)
in practice:
temperature is above
100.4 F (38 C)
A fever is any body
temperature elevation
over 100 °F (37.8 °C)

86. 


Temperature in the anus
(rectum/rectal) is at or over
37.5–38.3 °C (99.5–100.9 °F)
Temperature in the mouth
(oral) is at or over 37.7 °C
(99.9 °F)
Temperature under the arm
(axillary) or in the ear (otic)
is at or over 37.2 °C (99.0 °F)

87. 
What to do?




Tepid sponge bath
Paracetamol
Ibuprofen
Increase water intake

89. • caused by:
• Inflammation
• distention of an organ
• loss of the blood supply
to an organ
• contraction of the
intestinal muscles
• hyper-sensitivity to
normal intestinal
activities

90. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Food poisoning
Cramps
Stomach flu
Gas
Indigestion
Constipation
Food allergies
Lactose intolerance

91. • Let patient lie down and
rest
• Give clear fluids
• Eat smaller portion meal
• Use heating pads
• Keep container nearby in
case the person vomits

92. • Condition that leads
to frequent, loose or
watery stools

93. •
•
•
•
Prevent dehydration by drinking lots of clear liquid
BRAT diet
DO NOT take anti-diarrheal medications
DO NOT give spicy, greasy or fatty food

94. •
•
•
•
Prevent dehydration by drinking lots of clear liquid
BRAT diet
DO NOT take anti-diarrheal medications
DO NOT give spicy, greasy or fatty food

95. • forceful expulsion of
the contents of one's
stomach through
the mouth and
sometimes the nose

96. • Causes
Food intolerance
Allergy
Hypertension
Increase intracranial
pressure
• other
•
•
•
•

97. 


Have the person drink small amounts of water,
sports drinks, or clear liquids
Don't give the person solid food until vomiting
has stopped
When the person can tolerate food, try small
amounts of the BRAT diet: bananas, rice,
applesauce, and toast

98. • A state of collapse and
failure of the heart and
blood vessels to
deliver enough blood
to the body tissues to
meet their needs

99. • Sweaty with cool
clammy skin
• Pale
• Weak and rapid pulse
• Marked thirst
• Bluish discoloration of
the skin

100. •
•
•
•
Assist victims to lie down
Elevate feet higher than the heart
Turn head to one side
Assess A-B-C

101. • A change in behavior
or consciousness that
takes place when the
electrical activity of the
brain becomes irregular

102. • Head injury
• Infection of the
nervous system
• Stroke, heat stroke
• Poisoning, drug
overdose
• Low blood sugar

103. • Provide a safe environment
• DO NOT attempt to hold
down or restrain a convulsing
victim
• Support victim’s head
• Sponge bath if has fever
• Loosen tight clothing
• Roll the patient to side after
seizure episode

104. 

Is the loss of brain function
that results when part of
the blood flow to the brain
is suddenly cut off
This can be caused by a
blood clot or by a ruptured
blood in the brain

105. • Numbness, tingling, paralysis
on one side of the body
• Speech problems
• Dizziness
• Confusion
• Nausea or vomiting
• Decreased level of sensorium

106. •
•
•
•
•
THINK F.A.S.T.!!!
Facial asymmetry
Arm weakness
Speech difficulties
Time is Critical

107. • common sudden
illness characterized
by a partial or
complete loss of
consciousness
• caused by a temporary
reduction of blood
flow to the brain

108. •
•
•
•
Shock-like signals:
Cool, pale or moist skin
Nausea
Numbness or tingling in the
finger and toes

109. •
•
•
•
Lie down victim
Elevate legs
Loosen tight clothing
Check A-B-C

112. • Poison
• any substance ( solid, liquid or gas) that
causes illness or death when introduced
into the body or into the skin surface

113. Abdominal pain or cramps
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Presence of oral burns, odors
or stains
• Drowsiness or loss of
consciousness
•
•
•
•
•

114. • WHO is the victim, Age
and weight
• WHAT was swallowed
• HOW MUCH was
swallowed
• HOW did it happened
• WHEN did it happened

115. • DO NOT induce vomiting
• DO NOT give anything by
mouth
• Save and bring poison
container
• Bring the patient to the
nearest hospital
• Contact a poison control
center
 NCR Poison Control Center
 Emergency hotline
numbers: 928-0611 loc 707
 Direct line/Fax: 921-1212
 Mobile: 0922-8106595

116. 
INHALED POISONS

Are gaseous substances that enter
through inhalation and cause
toxicity

117. •
•
•
•
•
•
Difficulty of breathing
Cyanosis
Dizziness
Headache
Seizure
Unresponsive

118. • Remove patient from toxic environment
• Keep airway open
• Monitor A-B-C

119. • Carbon Monoxide
• No taste
• No scent
• No color

120. Sleepy and drowsy
Headache
Dizziness
Nausea and
Vomiting
• Fatigue
• Flu-like symptoms
•
•
•
•

121. • Poison may enter the body through the skin

122. • Redness, rash,
and/or blisters on
the skin
• Burns
• Itching, skin
irritation
• Presence of liquid or
powder in the skin

123. • Remove victims clothing
• Blot the poison from the skin
using a dry piece of clothe.
DO NOT rub
• If powder, brush it off
• Wash with running water
• Monitor victim

124. • poisons may also enter the body through a break
in the skin caused by a bite, sting or syringe

125. •
•
•
•
•
•
Pain
Allergic reactions
Infections
Swelling
Serious Illness
Even Death

126. • The stinger may be
present in the bite site

127. • Remove the stinger by
gently scraping the
skin surface with a
knife
• DO NOT pinch the
stinger to remove it
• Wash with water
• Apply cold compress

128. •
•
•
•
•
Pain
Allergic reaction
Swelling
Infection
Venom paralysis
and death

129. •
•
•
•
•
Bite mark
Swelling
Pain
Nausea and vomiting
Difficulty in
breathing and
swallowing

130. 
WHAT TO DO?




Wash wound with soap and water
Antiseptic may be used
Apply cold compress
Bring victim to nearest hospital

131. 
MARINE ANIMALS
Most marine animals
will not deliberately
attack unless you
disturb them
 Painful
 Rarely fatal
 Allergic reations


132. 
SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS



Site of contact on the
skin has a rash with
pinpoint bleeding
Burning pain
Swelling

133. 
SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS
Nausea and vomiting
 Muscle cramping
 Diarrhea and muscle
paralysis
 Allergic reaction


134. 
WHAT TO DO?

Jellyfish sting:
irrigate/soak the affected
area with vinegar for at
least 10 minutes

135. 
WHAT TO DO?



Jellyfish sting: If you do not
have vinegar available, rinse in
sea water,70% isopropyl
alcohol, or Safe Sea Jellyfish
After Sting®
DO NOT use fresh water
DO NOT rub the area

136. 
WHAT TO DO?

Jellyfish sting:
 Remove tentacles with a
stick or a pair of tweezers
 Apply shaving cream or a
paste of baking soda to the
area
 Shave the area with a razor
or credit card
 reapply vinegar or alcohol

137. 
WHAT TO DO?

Jellyfish sting:
 Eye stings: rinse with a commercial saline
solution like Artifical Tears
 dab the skin around the eyes with a towel
that has been soaked in vinegar
 Do not place vinegar directly in the eyes

138. 
WHAT TO DO?

Jellyfish sting:
 Mouth stings- treat with 1/4 strength
vinegar.
 Mix ¼ cup of vinegar with ¾ cup of
water. Gargle and spit out the
solution.
 DO NOT drink or swallow the
solution.

139. 
WHAT TO DO?

Jellyfish sting:
 May give over the counter pain
reliever
 Monitor victim’s condition
 Bring patient in nearest hospital

140. 
WHAT TO DO?

Stingray sting:
 Immerse irrigate the
affected area with hot
water (as hot as can
be tolerated) for at
least 20 min or for as
long as pain persists

141. 
WHAT TO DO?

Stingray sting:
 Wash the wound with soap and
water
 Cover the wound
 Immediately bring the victim to the
nearest Hospital/poison control
center

142. 
REMEMBER!!!
 Identifying the type/species of snake can greatly
help the hospital medical personnel choose the
appropriate treatment to give

143. COMPARISON
VENOMOUS SNAKE
e.g. cobra
NON-VENOMOUS
SNAKE
e.g. python
Cortina ,side-winding
Semi-cortina, curving
Semi- triangular
Oblong
Rectangular
Circular
SKIN
Rough
Smooth
PUPIL
Vertical, slit-like
Round
MANNER OF
ATTACK
Non-constrictor
Constrictor
BITE MARK
Fang Marks: 2
punctures
U-shaped row of
marks
MOVEMENT
SHAPE OF HEAD
BODY GIRTH

144. 
WHAT TO DO?
Clean the area of the bite with soap and
water
 Have the victim lying down quietly and
comfortably
 Immediately bring the victim to the nearest
hospital/ animal bite center


145. 
WHAT TO DO?




DO NOT suck the wound to
remove the venom
DO NOT apply tourniquet
DO NOT apply a cold
compress
DO NOT incise the bitten
area

146. 
WHAT TO DO?
Apply pressure
immobilization bandage
 40 and 70 mm Hg : UE
 55 and 70 mm Hg: LE
 Pressure is sufficient if
the bandage is
comfortably tight and
snug but allows a finger
to be slipped under it


147. 
LAND ANIMAL
BITE

Can result to:
 Damaged tissue
 Infection
 Tetanus
 rabies

148. 
WHAT TO DO?
Wash the area of the bite
with soap and water for 30
minutes
 Avoid scrubbing, which
can bruise the tissue
 Control the bleeding
 Cover the wound with
sterile or clean dressing


149. 
WHAT TO DO?

Immediately bring the
victim to the nearest
hospital/animal bite
center

150. 
Rinse eyes exposed to
toxic substances
immediately with a
copious amount of
water unless a specific
antidote is available

151. 
ALCOHOL
INTOXICATION
A state by which alcohol
levels ingested exceed that of
a persons tolerance
 This produces physiological
changes that manifest as
mental and physical
impairements


152. 
SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS
 Odor of alcohol on the





victim’s breath or clothing
Unsteady, staggering walking
Slurred speech, unable to
carry conversation
Nausea and vomiting
Flushed face
seizure

153. 
WHAT TO DO FOR A RESPONSIVE PERSON





Provide emotional support
Look for any injuries
Protect person from hurting himself
If the person becomes violent, leave, call the police
Call for emergency medical assistance

154. 
WHAT TO DO FOR AN UNRESPONSIVE
PERSON?







Call for emergency medical assistance immediately
Make sure airway is clear and that person in
breathing
DO NOT give anything by mouth
Place person in side – lying position
Assume there is spinal injury if there are signs of
injury
Regulate the person’s body heat
Bring the person to the nearest hospital

155. 
HEAT EXPOSURE
Heat cramps
 Heat exhaustion
 Heat stroke


156. 
HEAT CRAMPS

Are painful tightening of the muscles that
occur after prolonged use, as in vigorous
exercise

157. 
WHAT TO DO WITH
HEAT CRAMPS?





Move the patient away from
the potential source of heat
Have them rest
Drink plenty of water
Stretch the tightened muscle
Loosen tight clothing

158. 
HEAT EXHAUSTION
The most common
serious emergency
caused by heat
 Causes:

 Heat exposure
 Stress
 Fatigue

159. 
HEAT EXHAUSTION

Signs and symptoms
 Excessive sweating
 Pale, moist, cool skin
 Dry tongue and thirst
 Dizziness or faintness
 Irritability
 Confusion

160. 
HEAT EXHAUSTION

Signs and symptoms
 Weakness
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Headache
 Rapid pulse
 Normal or slightly
elevated body
temperature

161. 
WHAT TO DO WITH HEAT
EXHAUSTION
The most important step is to COOL the
victim
 remove any excessive layers of clothing,
especially around head and neck
 move the victim to a cooler environment
 lay the victim down flat and elevate his legs


162. 
WHAT TO DO WITH
HEAT EXHAUSTION
Fan the victim or place cool
wet cloths on his skin
 Give victim water to drink
 DO NOT give alcoholic,
caffeinated or carbonated
drinks


163. 
HEAT STOKE
Happens when the
body is exposed to
more heat than it can
handle
 Temperature may
reach 41ᵒC


164. 
HEAT STOKE

Signs and symptoms
 Striking change in the
victims behavior
 Loss of consciousness
 Flushed, hot and dry
skin
 Pulse and breathing are
rapid and weak

165. 
WHAT TO DO WITH HEAT STOKE
Call for emergency medical assistance ASAP
 Move the victim to coolest possible place
 Remove as much of the victims clothing as
possible
 Place the victim in comfortable position


166. 
WHAT TO DO WITH HEAT STOKE
Apply cool packs to the victim’s neck, groin
and armpits
 Cover the victim with cold wet towel or
sheets or spray the victim with cool water
 Bring the victim to the hospital as fast as
possible


167. 
HYPOTHERMIA

Happens when the
core temperature of
the body falls below
35ᵒC

168. 
WHAT TO DO WITH HYPOTHERMIA





Remove the victim from the cold environment
If the feet are injured, DO NOT allow the victim to
walk
Remove any wet clothing from the victim
Place dry blankets over and under the victim
DO NOT massage the victims limbs

169. 
WHAT TO DO WITH HYPOTHERMIA




Handle the victim gently to avoid causing pain or
further injury to the skin
DO NOT allow the victim to eat or take coffee, tea,
cola, or tobacco
Give warm fluids for conscious victim
Bring patient to nearest hospital

170. 
HYPERGLYCEMIA


Level of glucose is above normal
Caused by:
 overeating without taking
medications for diabetes
regularly

171. 
HYPERGLYCEMIA

Signs and symptoms
 warm and dry skin
 intense thirst
 Vomiting
 rapid deep breathing
 sweet fruity odor of breath
 Normal, Rapid and full pulse
 restless heading to coma

172. 
HYPOGLYCEMIA


Level of glucose is below normal
Caused by:
 missing meals
 being overly active
physically
 taking too much diabetes
medication

173. 
HYPOGLYCEMIA

Signs and symptoms
 pale and moist skin
 intense hunger
 normal rapid breathing
 rapid weak pulse
 irritable, confused with
seizure or coma

174. 
WHAT TO DO




Call for emergency medical assistance ASAP
For conscious victim with hypoglycemia, give candy
or juice drinks
If victim is unconscious, assess CAB’s and manage
accordingly
Bring the victim to the hospital ASAP

175. 
ALLERGY

Is an over reaction of the body’s protective
mechanisms to unwanted substances

176. 
TRIGGERING
FACTORS
Insect bites and stings
 Medications
 Plants
 Food
 chemicals


177. 
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Sneezing or an itchy runny nose
 Flushing with itching, tingling or
burning sensation in the skin
 Skin hives
 Tightness of the chest or throat
 hoarseness


178. 
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Wheezing
 Respiration becomes rapid,
labored and noisy
 Increased pulse rate
 Pale skin and dizziness
 Loss of consciousness


179. 
WHAT TO DO
Remove the potential source of allergen
 Call for emergency medical assistance
 Assist the person in taking his anti-allergy
medications
 Have the patient rest until medical help arrives
 Assess the patient CABs and treat correspondingly


180. 
WHAT TO DO


Use anaphylaxis kit
The kit contains a dose of
epinephrine (0.3mg /
0.15mg) that can be
injected into the body to
counteract the
anaphylactic reaction

181. 
CAUSES
Nose picking
 Traumatic injury
 High blood pressure
 Infections
 Vitamin deficiency
 Use of medications


182. 
WHAT TO DO
Calm the patient
 Patient should sit with the
upper part of the body tilted
forward and the mouth open
 Pinch the soft parts of the
nose together between the
thumb and index finger


183. 
WHAT TO DO
Hold the nose pinched for at
least 8 to 10 minutes
 Apply ice to the base of the
nose
 Seek medical help


184. 

A foreign body inside a
child’s nose can be present
for a period of time
without the parent being
aware of the problem.
Potential to dislodge and
travel

185. 
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS




Difficulty in breathing
Feeling of something inside the nose
Fouls smelling or bloody nasal
discharge
Irritation or pain in the nose

186. 
WHAT TO DO


Have the victim blow out of
the nose gently to try to free
the object
If visible, try to grasp it with
tweezer

187. 
WHAT TO DO
DO NOT probe the nose
with cotton swab
 DO NOT try to inhale the
object
 DO NOT try to remove an
object that is not visible


188. 
WHAT TO DO
May remove object if
visible using a tweezer
 Tilt head to the side
 If insect, put few drops of
baby oil or mineral oil
 If button battery, urgent
removal is required


190. 
LAGUNDI (Scientific name: Vitex negundo) –
Gamot sa ubo, sipon, lagnat, at hika

191. 
YERBA BUENA (Scientific name: Clinopodium
douglasii)· - Gamot sa pananakit ng katawan,
ubo, sipon, hilo, at pangangati

192. 
SAMBONG (Scientific name: Blumea
balsamifera) – Gamot sa high blood
(hypertension) bilang isang pampaihi o diuretic;
nakakalusaw ng mga bato sa bato.

193. 
TSAANG GUBAT (Scientific name: Carmona
retusa) – Gamot sa sakit ng tiyan o pagtatae
(gastroenteritis) at pangmumog para maiwasan
ang mga cavites o pamumulok ng ngipin.

194. 
NIYOG-NIYOGAN (Scientific name: Quiscalis
indica) – Gamot sa bulate sa tiyan

195. 
AKAPULKO (Scientific name:· Cassia alata) –
Panlaban sa mga fungal infection sa balat gaya
ng an-an, buni, alipunga.

196. 
ULASIMANG-BATO (Scientific
name: Peperonia pellucida) – Ginhawa sa rayuma
o arthritis at gout

197. 
BAWANG (Scientific name: Alium sativum) –
Pampababa ng kolesterol (cholesterol-lowering
agent)

198. 
AMPALAYA (Scientific name: Momordica
charantia) – Pampababa ng asukal sa dugo sa
mga may diabetes (Lowers blood sugar levels)

199. 
BAYABAS (Scientific name: Psidium guajava) –
Gamot sa pagtatae (antidiarrheal) at
panghugas ng katawan na nakakaalis ng
mikrobyo (antiseptic)