ビジネスアプリケーション特論 HIstory of IT industry, Internet and Hackers
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産業技術大学院大学、ビジネスアプリケーション特論。2013/9/9 History of IT industry, Internet and Hackers
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ビジネスアプリケーション特論 HIstory of IT industry, Internet and Hackers
- 1. ビジネスアプリケーション特論 IT産業の歴史 History of IT industry Internet and Hackers 9/9/2013 よしおかひろたか（楽天株式会社） hyoshiok@gmail.com http://d.hatena.ne.jp/hyoshiok/ twitter: @hyoshiok
- 2. • Be a Hacker • Change the World Better 2
- 3. • The future is already here — it's just not very evenly distributed. by William Gibson 3
- 4. Agenda • History of IT Industry, Internet and Hackers – OSS – Hacker Culture – Community, Engineer’s career 4
- 5. whoami Name: Hiro Yoshioka Title: Technical Managing Officer Company: Rakuten, Inc 2009 – present My mission: Empower Our Engineers Twitter: @hyoshiok http://d.hatena.ne.jp/hyoshiok (Diary in Japanese) http://someday-join-us.blogspot.jp/ (in English) 5
- 6. whoami Name: Hiro Yoshioka 2009-present, Rakuten 2000-2008, Miracle Linux, CTO 2002-2003, OSDL board member 1994-2000, Oracle 1984-1994, DEC 1984 Keio University (MS) I have one patch to Linux Kernel J x86: cache pollution aware patch 2006/6/23, 2.6.18 http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/ linux.git/commit/? id=c22ce143d15eb288543fe9873e1c5ac1c01b69a1 6
- 7. Who are we? l Rakuten, Inc. l Internet services company l Founded : Feb. 7th 1997, Tokyo, Japan l The first service: Rakuten Ichiba (shopping mall) 7
- 10. Agenda • History of IT Industry – OSS – Hacker Culture – Community, Engineer’s career 10
- 11. IT industry • • • • • Vertical Integration – by ’80’s Horizontal – from ‘80’s Open Systems Internet, ‘90’s Open Source Software – from 1998 • Web 2.0, 2005 11
- 12. Internet Age • Collaboration with somebody – OSS (Open Source Software) – Wikipedia – Facebook, twitter – Community – Youtube – 2ch – … 12
- 13. • Blog • SNS • Cost of finding people becomes all most zero. 13
- 14. Free software • • • • GNU project, 1985 Linux, 1991 Ruby, 1993 Open Source Software, 1998 14
- 15. GNU Project • Distributed by Magnetic Tapes – you send money to FSF – FSF send you a tape (lately CDROM) • Not bazaar model 15
- 16. Internet • Xmosaic – 1993 • Windows 95 – 1995 • Open Source Netscape – 1998 16
- 17. OSS – Open Source Software • OSS and Free Software • 1998, Opened Netscape’s browser source code • Open Source Software – Free Software: Freedom is important – OSS: Not only freedom 17
- 18. OSS • Value – Freedom of Software – Global software development model • Evolution of software by collaboration • Cathedral and Bazaar – Eric Raymond, 1997 18
- 19. Bazaar • Software Development Model • Engagement – Users become Developers • Develop by Community – individual vs. organization – volunteers 19
- 20. Hacker Culture • Common Value 20
- 21. Hacker Ethics • • • • • • Sharing Openness Decentraization Free access to computers World improvement Levy, Steven. (1984, 2001). Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution (updated edition). Penguin. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/729 21
- 22. Hacker Ethics • Access to computers—and anything which might teach you something about the way the world works—should be unlimited and total. Always yield to the Hands-On Imperative! • All information should be free • Mistrust authority – promote decentralization • Hackers should be judged by their hacking, not criteria such as degrees, age, race, sex, or position • You can create art and beauty on a computer • Computers can change your life for the better 22
- 23. Hacker Culture, Common Value • Computers can change your life for the better • rough consensus and working code • http://www.ietf.org/tao.html • It’s better to ask forgiveness than permission. • If it's a good idea, go ahead and do it. It is much easier to apologize than it is to get permission. By Grace Hopper 23
- 24. Internet, Joichi Ito • The ethos of the Internet • everyone should have the freedom to connect, to innovate, to program, without asking permission. • No one can know the whole of the network, and by design it cannot be centrally controlled. • This network was intended to be decentralized, its assets widely distributed. Today most innovation springs from small groups at its “edges.” • http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/06/science/joichi-ito-innovatingby-the-seat-of-our-pants.html?_r=2& 24
- 25. What Happened to Yahoo, Paul Graham • In 1998. Yahoo had two problems Google didn't: easy money, and ambivalence about being a technology company. • Which companies need to have a hacker-centric culture? • Any company that needs to have good software. • http://www.paulgraham.com/yahoo.html 25
- 26. What Happened to Yahoo, Paul Graham • Good programmers want to work at hackercentric culture. • Without good programmers you won’t get good software. • http://www.paulgraham.com/yahoo.html 26
- 27. The Hacker Way (Facebook) IPO 2012 • • • • • • Code wins arguments Continuous Improvement and Iteration Open and Meritocratic Hackathon Bootcamp http://www.wired.com/business/2012/02/zuckletter/ 27
- 29. Hacker-centric Culture • Software Development in Internet Age • Hire good programmers • Good programmers want to work with good programmers at hacker centric culture • Build good work place • Good programmers make good services 29
- 30. Web 2.0 • Software products vs Internet Services • http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-isweb-20.html 9/30/2005 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Web_2.0_Map.svg 30
- 31. Netscape vs Google • A native web application, never sold or packaged, but delivered as a service • None of the trappings of the old software industry are present. • No scheduled software releases, just continuous improvement. • No licensing or sale, just usage. • No porting to different platforms, …, just a massively scalable collection of commodity PCs running OSS operating systems plus homegrown applications and utilities that no one outside the company ever gets to see. http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html 31
- 32. Community • Seminar, meetings, conference, 32
- 33. IT Seminar Calendar of Japan http://bit.ly/QmRFiS more than 300 meetings/month 33
- 35. Conference • • • • • • Running by volunteers Inexpensive, e.g., 5000 yen/day ($50/day) Numbers attendees; more than 100 - 1000 Sharing technical knowledge and networking Beer Bash or Drinking Party (optional) Examples, LL event, PHP Conference, YAPC (Yet another perl conference), RubyKaigi, Tokyo Node Gakuen (Javascript) 35
- 36. cf. Commercial Conference • • • • • • Running by corporation Expensive, e.g., $300-$500/day Numbers attendees; more than 1000 Sharing technical knowledge and networking Party (optional) Examples, OSCON $2045 (5 days), http://www.oscon.com/ oscon2013 36
- 37. Volunteer driven meetups, conference • Good Points • Organizer; You can organize what you want. • Contents, speakers, date, time, place, fee • Presenters; You can share your idea. • Participants; • Bad Points • You need to do everything. (You may have help from community) 37
- 38. Sustainable meetups, conference • Value of meetup > Cost of meetups • Increase value • Decrease cost 38
- 39. Self Introduction • Ethnography 民族誌 • a branch of anthropology dealing with the scientific description of individual cultures. 39
- 40. Ethnography, computer industry • Field study of Computer Industry instead of undeveloped region. • Understand corporate culture • Describe corporate culture • Develop better corporate culture • Corporate culture is difficult to understand from outside 40
- 41. Ethnography • • • • • The Soul of New Machine（超マシン誕生） Show Stopper（闘うプログラマ） i-mode 事件 Engineering Culture（洗脳するマネジメント） Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution （ハッカーズ） 41
- 42. whoami Name: Hiro Yoshioka 2009-present, Rakuten 2000-2008, Miracle Linux, CTO 2002-2003, OSDL board member 1994-2000, Oracle 1984-1994, DEC 42
- 43. Digital Equipment Corporation • Corporate Culture • The first company gives you strong impressions… • Computer vendor, 2nd largest, 1957-90’s • Acquired by Compaq in 1998, merged with HP in 2002 43
- 44. Digital Equipment Corporation • Corporate Culture • Midnight project • internal computer network • information sharing 44
- 45. Hacker-centric Culture • Why do we need it? • Common Good • Competitiveness • Best practice 45
- 46. Hacker-centric Culture • Why do we need it for me? • It is fun. • Reasons • Common good (make better world) • Competitiveness (win a competition) • Best practice (increase productivity) 46
- 47. How do we foster it? • Corporate culture is developed by implicit and explicit way • Only insiders know it 47
- 48. Challenge of a Global Knowledge-Creating Organization Knowledge needs to move from “Tacit to Explicit” and “Explicit to Tacit” This is especially hard for Global Companies! Tacit/暗黙知 Tacit Tacit Socialization 共同化 Externalization 表出化 Explicit Tacit Internalization 内面化 Combination 連結化 Explicit Explicit/形式知 Explicit Ø 共同化（Socialization） This process focuses tacit to tacit. Ø 表出化（Externalization） This process focuses tacit to explicit. knowledge. Ø 連結化（Combination） Knowledge transforms from explicit to explicit. Ø 内面化（Internalization） Tacit knowledge is created using explicit knowledge and shared across the organization.
- 49. How do we foster it? • Tacit (implicit) Knowledge • material: manager, mentor, colleagues • methods: work, job, study sessions, lunch, drinking, hackerthons, SNS, … • Explicit Knowledge • strategy, guideline, rule, procedure, tools 49
- 50. How do we foster it? • Tacit (implicit) Knowledge • Super Sale live on Enterprise SNS 50
- 51. Corporate Community • • • • Community of practice Organization: Vertical Project: Horizontal Community: Not Vertical, Not Horizontal • sharing value 51
- 52. The Hacker Way (Facebook) • • • • • • Code wins arguments Continuous Improvement and Iteration Open and Meritocratic Hackathon Bootcamp http://www.wired.com/business/2012/02/zuckletter/ 52
- 53. The Hacker Way (Facebook) • Hackathon • Demo or Die • Pizza and Beer at Yammer, 10/28/’12 53
- 54. • How to be a good Engineer (specialist)? • Learn how to learn • knowledge is less important than skill • Be lifetime learner http://learningpatterns.sfc.keio.ac.jp/ 54
- 55. Rakuten • Learning • Global Experience Program • International (oversea) Technical Conference • Hands on Trainings 55
- 56. Global training Training is very important. ■SF Agile Development Center training 【The number of participants】6 employees 【Training period 】25 Sep 2011 – 15 Dec 2011 SF Agile Development Center DU members
- 57. Work and Life in San Francisco SFADC office Member’s desk Project Meeting Famous steep hills are all around the city Bayside view from Fisherman's Wharf Internal meeting in the house The local specialty Clam Chowder Robotics and AI meetup at San Francisco Univ. 57 Joined Linkshare’s Soccer Team
- 58. DU’ve promoted Globalization : GEP/OSC/ Englishnization 2012 result As part of it, DAD’ve helped GEP, OSC and EP program. GEP: 8 trainings, 28 trainees. OSC: 140 conferences, 468 members countries. ,17 Last year, DU sent many people to overseas.
- 59. Technical Trainings Training One day hands-‐‑‒on https://www.facebook.com/RakutenTec
- 60. Technical Trainings Leaderʼ’s Workshop Mary Poppendieck come to Japan in April. She developed “Lean Software Development” which like TOYOTA Production System(TPS). And she is known famous leader, consultant about software development in USA.
- 61. Technical Trainings Software Test Janet Gregory is the founder of DragonFire, Inc., an agile quality process consultancy and training firm. Her passion is helping teams build quality systems. Since 1998, she has worked as a coach and tester introducing agile practices into both large and small companies.
- 62. Community • Yammer (Enterprise SNS) • Techtalks • Technology Conference 62
- 63. Our Internal Social Network System
- 64. Challenge of a Global Knowledge-Creating Organization Knowledge needs to move from “Tacit to Explicit” and “Explicit to Tacit” (Nonaka, Takeuchi) This is especially hard for Global Companies! Tacit/暗黙知 Explicit/形式知 Combination 連結化 Explicit Tacit Internalization 内面化 Externalization 表出化 Explicit Tacit Socialization 共同化 Tacit Explicit Ø 共同化（Socialization） This process focuses tacit to tacit. Ø 表出化（Externalization） This process focuses tacit to explicit. knowledge. Ø 連結化（Combination） Knowledge transforms from explicit to explicit. Ø 内面化（Internalization） Tacit knowledge is created using explicit knowledge and shared across the organization.
- 65. Enterprise SNS • Tacit (implicit) Knowledge • Super Sale live on Enterprise SNS 65
- 66. Tech Talk ? • Informal technical talks by experts, running by volunteer staffs 66
- 67. Topics • Tips about internal tools – Wiki, Network Tools, JIRA, Confluence, git, … • New technologies – Mobile Applications, PaaS, agile software development, HTML5, 67
- 68. Many Tech Topics Agile CI Big Data JIRA Change Cloud
- 69. Rakuten Technology Conference • Annual conference since 2007 by Rakuten • All sessions were in English (2012) • industries’ experts and employees sessions 69
- 70. Experts Sessions
- 71. Rakuten’s sessions & LT
- 78. • Internet changes everything. – The World is Flat. – Open Source Software – Bazaar Model – Hacker Mind http://www.rakuten.co.jp/recruit/engineer/hackermind.html 78
- 79. Moore’s Law • Computers are getting cheaper Transistor is double every 18 to 24 months http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law 79
- 80. The Mythical Man-Month Frederick Brooks, JR. Brooks’ Law "adding manpower to a late software project makes it later" http://www.kobobooks.com/ebook/The-Mythical-Man-Month-Essays/ book-5XViaJPL_UeFtLEagIcF9A/page1.html 80
- 81. Human Centric • Engineers make Services and Software. – Computers are getting cheaper by Moor’s law – Software Development is governed by Brooks’s law. • Hackers make the Internet. 81
- 82. ENGLISHNIZATION
- 84. ZONE DEFINITION RED ZONE: YELLOW ZONE: ORANGE ZONE: GREEN ZONE: Employee Grade More than 200 points away from target Between 100-199 points away from target Between 1 – 99 points away from target Score meets or exceeds target Not Reached (RED) Not Reached (YELLOW) Not Reached (ORANGE) Reached Target （GREEN） AAA -550 551-650 651-749 750- AA -500 501-600 601-699 700- A -450 451-550 551-649 650- BBB -400 401-500 501-599 600- BB -400 401-500 501-599 600- B -400 401-500 501-599 600-
- 85. ZONE STATUS As of June 30th, 2012 29% GREEN 87% 42% 45% 48% 49% 51% 53% 54% 56% 58% 60% 63% 66% 72% 80% 9% 11% 14% 36% 16% No Score M 2011 A ORANGE 19% 20% 19% 17% 15% 13% 10% 7% M J J A S O N D Data: Ranten, Inc (Total may not equal 100% due to rounding) YELLOW 6% 6% J F 2012 5% 4% M 2% RED A M 8% 4% 1% J
- 86. TOEIC SCORE 697.7 694.7 700 680 TOEIC Average score 687.3 672.3 660 632.6 638.9 645.6 625.3 640 612.7 620 596.3 600 580 651.5 526.2 593.9 589.6 589.3 604.3 586.9 593.7 583.6 560 537.8 558.0 540 522.6 520 526.2 500 2010/10 2010/11 2010/12 2011/1 2011/2 2011/3 2011/4 2011/5 2011/6 2011/7 2011/8 2011/9 2011/10 2011/11 2011/12 2012/1 2012/2 2012/3 2012/4 2012/5 2012/6/22 Oct-2010 June-2012 Data: Rakuten, Inc.
- 87. Agenda • History of IT Industry, Internet and Hackers – OSS – Hacker Culture – Web 2.0 – Community, Engineer’s career 87
- 88. • The future is already here — it's just not very evenly distributed. by William Gibson 88
- 89. • Be a Hacker • Change the World Better 89