4. SOUTH AFRICA :
GEOGRAPHY
Bordered by the:
• Atlantic Ocean on the West
• Indian Ocean on the South and East
Neighbors:
• Namibia in North West
• Zimbabwe and Botswana in North
• Mozambique and Swaziland in North East
• Southernmost part of Africa is Cape Agulhas
5. SOUTH AFRICA:
G OV E R N M E N T
Republic
Declared itself republic in 1961
Cut its ties with the Commonwealth
Commonwealth objected the country’s racist policies
The White Supremacist National Party continued (1948-
came to power) its rule for the next three decades
6. SOUTH AFRICA
H I S T O RY
San people were first settlers
Then Khoikhoi and Bantu-speaking tribes
The Dutch East Indiana Company landed European settlers in 1652-
on Cape of Good Hope
The colony had only 15,000 members at the end of the 18th century
The Boers and Afrikaners, speaking a Dutch dialect-Afrikaans- settled
as early as 1795 and tried to establish an independent republic
7. HISTORY CONTINUED
Britain took Cape Colony and posession in 1815 at he end of
the Napoleonic Wars
This brought 5,000 settlers
The freeing of slaves in 1833 forced about 12,000 Arikaners to
make the “great trek” north and east into African Tribal territory
• This is where they established the Republics of the
Transvaal and the Orange Free State
8. HISTORY CONTINUED
Discovered diamonds in 1867 and gold nine years later
• This brought and arrival of “outlanders” into the republics
• The Prime Minister planned on annexation, however, an army forced
him to resign
The necessary war with the Boers broke out on October 11, 1899
• The defeat of the Boers led to the Union of South Africa, four new
provinces, the two former republics, and the old Cape and Natal
colonies
• A Boer, Botha, became first Prime Minister
The political activity with Africans started with the African National
Congress in 1912
9. SOUTH AFRICA
INDEPENDENCE
Jan Smuts brought nation to World War II on the Allied side against
Nationalist opposition
South Africa became member of United Nations in 1945
Smuts refused to sign the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Apartheid-racial separation- overruled domestic politics at the
Nationalists grew power
• Africans(Bantus), Asians, Coloreds- anyone in South Africa that is not white
10. INDEPENDENCE CONTINUED
Black voters were taken from the voter polls in 1936
The nonwhite population was forced out of assigned white areas
The Group Areas Acts of 1950 and 1986 forced 1.5 million Africans
to move from cities to rural townships
• They lived in poverty under repressive laws
1960- 70 black protestors were killed during a peaceful presentation
11. INDEPENDENCE CONTINUED
The ANC was banned that year
1964- Mandela was sentenced to live in prison
Black protests against apartheid grew violent
1976- uprising in black township spread to other black
townships and left 600 dead
U.N. made sanctions
12. SOUTH AFRICA
1989- new president, De Klerk.
• Removed ban on ANC and demolished apartheid. He
released Mandela
New constitution was being worked on by a multiracial
group in 1991 led by Mandela and Klerd
1993- Temporary constitution passed
13. SOUTH AFRICA
2005- population was 9% colored
44,344,000 9% white
2011- population was 2.5% indian
50,586,757 52% female
Currency- south African 79% black African
rand ancestry
14. ETHIOPIA
GEOGRAPHY
Size of New Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma combined
High mountains, very dry
Nationality: Ethiopia
Population: 84 million
Annual growth of population: 2.6%
18. ETHIOPIA
ETHNICITY
Nine different ethnicities:
• Oromo (34.5%)
• Gurage (2.5%)
• Amhara (26.9%)
• Wolaita (2.3%)
• Tigre (6.1%)
• Afar (1.7%
• Somali (6.2%)
• Other (3%)
• Sidama (4%)
19. ETHIOPIA
R E L I G I O N S A N D L A N G UAG E S
• religion • languages
Ethiopian Orthodox The official- Amharic
Christian (43.5%)- live in
Tigrinya
highlands
Arabic
Muslim (33.95)- live in low
lands Guaragigna
Protestant (18.6) Oromifa
others English and Somali
21. ETHIOPIA
G OV E R N M E N T
Federal Republic
Constitution was ratified in 1994
Political parties
• Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front
• Ethiopian Federal Democratic Unity Forum
• The Unity for Democracy and Justice party
• The United Ethiopian Democratic Forces
22. POLITICAL PARTIES
CONTINUED
Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement
Ethiopian Democratic Party
Oromo Peoples’ Congress
All Ethiopia Unity Party
26. ETHIOPIA
GEOGRAPHY
Located in Horn of Africa
Borders: Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, South
Sudan, and Sudan
High plateaus and mountains
27. ETHIOPIA
POPULATION
Diverse
Mostly Semitic or Cushitic
Oromo, Amhara,and Tigreans make up more than 2/3
More than 77 different ethnic groups with own languages
• Some have more than 10.000 members
28. ETHIOPIA
SCHOOLS
English is the most spoken foreign
language and is taught in all secondary
schools
Amharic is the official language
29. ETHIOPIA
H I S T O RY
One of the earliest known locations of
human ancestors
Oldest independent country in Africa and
one of the oldest in the world
