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general chemistry ch1
1.
General Chemistry Principles and
Modern Applications Petrucci • Harwood • Herring 8th Edition Chapter 1: Matter—Its Properties and Measurement Philip Dutton University of Windsor, Canada Prentice-Hall © 2002 Slide 1 of 19 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
2.
Contents Physical properties and
states of matter Système International Units Uncertainty and significant figures Dimensional analysis http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/chapter1/deluxe.html Slide 2 of 19 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
3.
Properties of Matter ter: Occupies
space, has mass and inertia mposition: Parts or components ex. H2O, 11.9% H and 88.81% O perties: Distinguishing features physical and chemical properties Slide 3 of 19 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
4.
States of Matter Slide
4 of 19 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
5.
Classification of Matter 1_15 Matter (materials) Physical
processes Substances Mixtures Chemical Elements Slide 5 of 19 reactions Compounds Homogeneous mixtures (solutions) Heterogeneous mixtures Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
6.
Separations Slide 6 of
19 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
7.
Separating Mixtures Chromatography Chromatography 1_17 Substances to be
separated dissolved in liquid mixture Pure liquid A Slide 7 of 19 B C Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
8.
Significant Figures Count from
left from first non-zero digit. Number 6.29 g 0.00348 g 9.0 1.0 × 10-8 100 eggs 100 g π = 3.14159 Slide 8 of 19 Significant Figures 3 3 2 2 infinit e ad b notation various Adding and subtracting. Use the number of decimal places in the number with the fewest decimal places. 1.14 0.6 11.676 13.416 13.4 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
9.
Significant figures Multiplying and
dividing. Rounding Off Use the fewest significant figures. 3rd digit is increased if 4th digit ≥ 5 Report to 3 significant.figures. 0.01208 ÷ 0.236 = 0.512 = 5.12 × 10-3 Slide 9 of 19 10.235 12.4590 19.75 15.651 10.2 12.5 19.8 15.7 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
10.
Units S.I. Units Other Common
Units Length metre, m Length Angstrom, Å, 10-8 cm Mass Kilogram, kg Volume Litre, L, 10-3 m3 Time second, s Energy Calorie, cal, 4.184 J Temperature Kelvin, K Quantity Mole, 6.022×1023 mol-1 Pressure 1 Atm = 1.064 x 102 kPa 1 Atm = 760 mm Hg Derived Quantities Force Newton, kg m s-2 Pressure Pascal, kg m-1 s-2 Eenergy Joule, kg m2 s-2 Slide 10 of 19 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
11.
Slide 11 of
19 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
12.
Temperature Slide 12 of
19 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
13.
Relative Temperatures Slide 13
of 19 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
14.
Volume Slide 14 of
19 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
15.
Density δ= m/V m=Vδ V=m/δ g/mL Mass and
volume are extensive properties Density is an intensive property Slide 15 of 19 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
16.
Conversion What is the
mass of a cube of osmium that is 1.25 inches on each side? Have volume, need density Slide 16 of 19 = 22.48g/cm3 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
17.
Wrong units The Gimli
Glider, Q86, p30 Slide 17 of 19 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
18.
Uncertainties • Systematic errors. –
Thermometer constantly 2°C too low. • Random errors – Limitation in reading a scale. • Precision – Reproducibility of a measurement. • Accuracy – How close to the real value. Slide 18 of 19 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
19.
End of Chapter
Questions 1, 3, 5, 12, 14, 17, 18, 20, 30, 41, 49, 50, 61, 72, 74, 79 Slide 19 of 19 Prentice-Hall © General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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