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What do we know aboutthe h index?  ,[object Object],Patricia Weiss, MLIS  Health Sciences Library System,[object Object],University of Pittsburgh,[object Object],© 2009-2010 Patricia M. Weiss,[object Object]
Today’s article,[object Object],Bornmann L, Daniel HD. What do we know about the h index? J Am Soc Inf Sci Technol. 2007;58(9):1381-1385.,[object Object],Review of research inspired by:,[object Object],Hirsch JE. An index to quantify an individual’s scientific research output. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005;102(46):16569-16572.,[object Object],Also will allude to:,[object Object],Bornmann L, Daniel HD. The state of h index research. EMBO Rep 2009;10(1):2-6.,[object Object]
What is the h Index?,[object Object],Proposed by Hirsch (2005),[object Object],Quantifies scientific output of a single researcher as a single number:,[object Object],An h index of 40 means that a scientist has published 40 papers that each had at least 40 citations.,[object Object],“… original and simple new measure incorporating both quantity and visibility of publications”,[object Object]
h index and the Scientific Life Cycle,[object Object],A scientist's h index never decreases,[object Object],It increases as…,[object Object],New high-impact papers are published,[object Object],Sleeping Beauties come to life (van Raan, 2004),[object Object],A scientist's papers attract citations ,[object Object]
Advantages of h,[object Object],Estimates broad impact of cumulative research contributions (Hirsch, 2005),[object Object],Insensitive to citation extremes,[object Object],Infrequently cited or noncited papers,[object Object],“One-hit wonders”,[object Object],It “favors enduring performers that publish a continuous stream of papers with lasting and above-average impact.”,[object Object]
Article #71 in results list,[object Object],Cited by 72 articles,[object Object], h=71,[object Object]
What do we know about the h index?
Article #87 in results list,[object Object],Cited by 87 articles,[object Object], h=87,[object Object]
Cited by 111 articles,[object Object], h=111,[object Object],Article #111 in results list,[object Object]
Applications of the h Index,[object Object],Micro vs. meso level applications,[object Object],Micro: single researcher,[object Object],Meso (intermediate): group of researchers,[object Object],Scientific facilities,[object Object],Countries (Csajbók et al, 2007),[object Object],h - b index based on topic or compound search in Web of Science (Banks, 2006) ,[object Object],How much work has already been done on topic?,[object Object],What topic is hot or mainstream now?,[object Object]
Convergent Validity of the h Index,[object Object],Hirsch computed h indices for:,[object Object],Nobel Prize physicists in the last 20 years,[object Object],Physicists and astronomers elected to National Academy of Sciences in 2005,[object Object],Highly cited scientists in biological and biomedical sciences,[object Object],Hirsch’s threshold values,[object Object],Successful scientist: h=20 after 20 years,[object Object],Outstanding scientist: h=40 after 20 years,[object Object],Truly unique individual: h=60 after 20 years, or 90 after 30 years,[object Object]
Correlates that Establish Convergent Validity,[object Object],[object Object]
Peer review committee for Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds postdoctoral fellowships
Average h indices of approved applicants higher than those of rejected applicants
Cronin and Meho (2006)
Rankings of influential US information scientists
Strong positive correlation between h and raw citation counts,[object Object]
Looked at correlations between h and other bibliometric indicators
h and other bibliometrics: both relate comparably to peer judgments
Kelly and Jennions (2006)
Looked at publication output of 187 editorial board members (ecologists and evolutionary biologists) of 7 journals
Closely correlated with h,[object Object]

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What do we know about the h index?

Notas do Editor

  1. h presumably for “Hirsch” – physicist at UCSD who first proposed the index in 2005Paper has been cited 267 times (last time I checked)h = 0: May have published papers—they just haven’t been cited
  2. Hirsch: an individual’s h should increase more or less directly with time.vanRaan (2004):“A ‘Sleeping Beauty in Science’ is a publication that goes unnoticed (‘sleeps’) for a long time and then, almost suddenly, attracts a lot of attention (‘is awakened by a prince’).”
  3. Data needed for calculation available in:Web of ScienceScopusGoogle ScholarChemical AbstractsIn WoS, do with author search in straight Search (not Cited Ref Search)*CLICK* Or, use the Citation Report creator…
  4. … and read h directly off the report.
  5. In Scopus, Starzlh=87 (diff DB, diff results)
  6. Countries: in biology and biochemistry for the period 1996–2006, the US, the UK, and Germany have h indices of 400, 219 and 206 respectively (Csajbók et al, 2007).Complement to journal impact factors (Braun et al., 2005)Caveat: don’t include review journals b/c upper limit of a journal’s h is # of papers published, and they don’t publish very many.Banks (2006): h - b index for interesting topics and compounds: found by entering a topic (search string, like superstring or teleportation ) or compound (name or chemical formula) into the Web of Science database and then ordering the results in terms of citations, by largest first.how much work has already been done on certain topics or compounds, what the hot topics (or older topics ) of interest are, or what topic or compound is mainstream research at the present time
  7. Convergent ValidityThe ability of a measurement scale to correlate (or converge) with other measures of the same variable. How does h relate to other standards for evaluating research performance?Other bibliometric indicators Outcomes of peer review
  8. Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds (BIF) = an international foundation for promotion of basic biomedical research
  9. van Raan’s actual conclusion is more nuanced:“Results show that the h-index and our bibliometric ‘crown indicator’ [a composite measure] both relate in a quite comparable way with peer judgments. But for smaller groups in fields with ‘less heavy citation traffic’ the crown indicator appears to be a more appropriate measure of research performance.” [emphasis mine]
  10. Database = SPIRES (Stanford Physics Information Retrieval System database)
  11. As derived from Web of Science records (same holds true for any other resource whose records don’t include a definitive author ID—which covers all products)From WoS documentation:“The h-index factor is based on the depth of your Web of Science subscription and your selected timespan. Items that do not appear on the Results page will not be factored into the calculation. If your subscription depth is 10 years, then the h-index value is based on this depth even though a particular author may have published articles more than 10 years ago.
  12. h as alternative to inappropriate use on journal impact factors to report personal achievement in tenure and promotion decisions.My Dec 2006 HSLS Update article on this problem:http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/about/news/hslsupdate/2006/december/personal_cit_counting
  13. But for every advantage to h cited by Hirsch and colleagues who see the glass half full, someone (sometimes the same person) points out a problem.Bornmann & Daniel (2007) citing Glänzel (2006)Hirsch (2005)Bornmann & Daniel (2007) citing Sidiropoulos et al. (2006)Bornmann & Daniel (2007) citing Sidiropoulos, Katsaros, & Manolopoulos (2006)Bornmann & Daniel (2007) citing Sidiropoulos et al. (2006)Bornmann & Daniel (2007) citing Sidiropoulos et al. (2006)
  14. Bornmann & Daniel (2007) citing Kelly & Jennions (2006); Sidiropoulos et al. (2006)Hirsch (2005)Bornmann & Daniel (2007) citing Lehmann et al. (2008)Hirsch (2005)
  15. Bornmann & Daniel (2007) citing Joint Committee on Quantitative Assessment of Research (2008)Hirsch (2005)
  16. N.B.: Need for several suggested by Hirsch himselfm quotient: Corrects for bias toward researchers with longer careers/more papershI: More co-authors, more articles, and potentially more citations (?)