1. Σπάρτα
Sparta

2. Ancient Sparta
Ancient Sparta
city
Geogrophy
CALCULATED MALE POPULATION OF SPARTA
CA. 480 B.C. Men in ancient Sparta 480
AGE BRACKET PERCENTAGE AMOUNT B.C
0-19 Males (not
47.3% 7,568
military age)
20-49 42.3% 6,768
50-59 06.4% 1,024
60+ 00.4% 640
TOTAL 16,000

3. • Sparta is located in the region of Laconia
• Ancient Sparta was built on the banks of the
Evrotas River, the main river of Laconia which
provided it with a source of fresh water
• Though landlocked, Sparta had a harbor,
Gytheio, on the Laconian Gulf.

4. Ancient Sparta city layout

5. Translations on months
• January - Gamelion
• February - Anthesterion
• March - Elaphebolion
• April - Mounichion
• May - Thargelion
• June - Skirophorion
• July - Hekatombaion (The first month of their year)
• August - Metageitnion
• September - Boedromion
• October - Pyanopsion
• November - Maimakterion
• December - Poseideon (Ποσῐδηϊών)

6. Ancient Sparta gods and goddesses
• 1. Aphrodite ,the goddess of love
2. Apollo , the god of the sun and of music
3. Ares , the god of war
4. Artemis , the goddess of the hunt
5. Demeter , the goddess of the harvest
6. Athena ,the goddess of wisdom
7. Dionysus , the god of high spirits and of wine
8. Hephaestus , the god of fire and of the forge
9. Hera ,the queen of gods
10. Hermes ,the god of travel and the messenger of the gods
11. Poseidon ,the god of the sea
12. Zeus ,the lord of the gods, most powerful and ruler of Mount
Olympus and the sky

7. Olympics
Olympic sign
Olympic coliseum
Entrance to a Olympic
stadium
Ancient Greek Olympic fans

8. Ancient Sparta religion
Sparta was the first democracy in recorded
history
Mt olympus
Sparta was the only Greek city-state in which women
enjoyed elementary rights such as the right to
education, inheritance, and property
Spartan music and dance were famous throughout
the ancient world, and the oldest recorded
heterosexual love poem was the work of a Spartan
poet praising Spartan maidens.
Mount Olympus was the divine kingdom of the
Olympian gods and every Olympian had his
own palace,
Ancient Sparta building

9. ART
• Art on war
• Kouros characteristics were: rigidity, one foot forward
stance, formal hair treatment, bilateral symmetry
(same on left and right), and its frontality (block like).
• The most significant change in sculpture to that date,
controposto was the counterbalance, or s-curve of the
body. One foot came forward and the weight
distribution became more naturalistic. Besides
conroposto, the other characteristics of Classical
sculpture were: head turned on different plain from
body (aloof, representing reason controlled) and less
formal hair treatment.

10. Ancient Greek art
• The common assumption that Sparta lacked artistic achievements is incorrect.
• Pausanias, travelling through Sparta in the second century AD, recorded hundreds of significant
buildings – temples, monuments, tombs, and public buildings – that were part and parcel of
Spartan art and culture.
• According to contemporary sources, Sparta was particularly renowned for its music and dance.
• Spartan bronze works were coveted as gifts and imports.
• Spartan poets were admired throughout the ancient world – and it was one of these
who wrote the first recorded heterosexual love poems known today.
• The reason the pottery was reddish color was because iron oxide (Fe2O3) and calcium
oxide (CaO) in the soil.
• They did not make pottery for good looks they actually used there pottery
Ancient Greek pottery
Sparta shield

11. Government
• its rival Sparta had two kings. One king might
stay at home, while the other was away fighting
battles.
• The Doric state of Sparta, copying the Doric Cretans,
developed a mixed governmental state. The state was
ruled by two hereditary kings of the Agiad and
Eurypontids families,[24] both supposedly descendants
of Heracles and equal in authority, so that one could not
act against the veto of his colleague. The origins of the
powers exercised by the assembly of the citizens are
virtually unknown because of the lack of historical
documentation and Spartan state secrecy.

12. • The duties of the kings were primarily religious, judicial, and
militaristic.
• They were the chief priests of the state and also maintained
communication with the Delphian sanctuary, which always
exercised great authority in Spartan politics.
• Each king had veto power over the other's decisions.
• There was a council of 28 elders, called Gerousia, who were men
over the age of 60 and generally came from the royal families.
• The Gerousia decided civil and criminal judicial disputes.

13. Citizenship
• Not all inhabitants of the Spartan state were
considered to be citizens. Only those who had
undertaken the Spartan education process
known as the agoge were eligible.
• However, usually the only people eligible to
receive the agoge were Spartiates, or people
who could trace their ancestry to the original
inhabitants of the city.

14. Spartan army
• There were two exceptions. Trophimoi or "foster
sons" were foreign students invited to study. The
Athenian general Xenophon, for example, sent his
two sons to Sparta as trophimoi.
• The Spartans were one of the most feared
military forces in world history.
• At Sparta's heyday in the 6th to 4th centuries BC,
it was commonly accepted that "one Spartan was
worth several men of any other state."

15. Military life
• Thucydides reports that when Spartan men went
to war, their wives (or another women of some
significance)
• Would customarily present them with their shield
and say: "With this, or upon this" (Ἢ τὰν ἢ ἐπὶ
τᾶς, Èi tàn èi èpì tàs)
• Meaning that true Spartans could only return to
Sparta either victorious (with their shield in hand)
or dead (carried upon it).

16. Greek trireme
Ancient Sparta warrior
Sparta tactics

17. Army organization Social structure
• The Spartan people (the "Lacedaemonians") were divided in three
classes:
• Full citizens, known as the Spartiates proper or Hómoioi ("equals"
or peers), who received a grant of land (kláros or klēros, "lot") for
their military service.
• The second class were the Perioeci (the "dwellers nearby"), free
non-citizens, generally merchants, craftsmen and sailors, who were
used as light infantry and on auxiliary roles on campaign.
• The third and most numerous class were the Helots, state-owned
serfs used to farm the Spartiate klēros. By the 5th century BC, the
helots too were used as light troops in skirmishes.
• The Spartiates were the core of the Spartan army: they participated
in the Assembly (Apella) and provided the hoplites in the army.

18. Ancient Sparta weapons
• Shield - One of the important ancient Greek weapons was the shield. This
was used by a hoplite to smash a spear of an opponent.
• Spear - The hoplites used spears to attack the opposing army. An ancient
Greek spear was known as a "dory". A typical spear has a sharp iron
spearhead on a wooden shaft and a bronze butt. If the spearhead breaks
off, the butt of the spear was used as an additional weapon to fight the
enemy.
• Ballista - A ballista was an important ancient Greek weapon. A Ballista was
a weapon of siege from which multiple arrows could be shot at long
ranges.
• Dagger/Sword - Along with a spear, a hoplite was expected to carry a
sharp dagger or a short sword. This was probably used when a spear was
completely broken.
• Catapult - A catapult was used to throw large objects and stones at the
opposing army. A catapult is one of the ancient Greek weapons used for
besieging an enemy.

19. Role of the people
• The men of Sparta focused their lives on training for the physical and psychological
rigors of warfare.
• Unlike the women of Athens, the women of Sparta were granted an equal stake in
the success or failure of their state. With their fathers and husbands constantly
away training or at war, the women of Sparta were responsible for all else in
Spartan society.
• While the men of Sparta focused their lives on the military aspect of Spartan
society, the women were expected to dedicate their lives to perpetuating Spartan
society through the production of both young Spartans and the food to feed them
and their fathers.
• The women of Sparta had a certain degree of equality that other Greek women
never had. Although Spartan women were treated as equals rather than attractive
trinkets or chattel, much more was expected of them than the trinkets and chattel
of other Greek men.

20. Clothing

21. Food
• Most meals were enjoyed in a courtyard near the home.
• Greek cooking equipment was small and light and could easily be set up
there.
• On bright, sunny days, the women probably sheltered under a covered
area of their courtyard, as the ancient Greeks believed a pale complexion
was a sign of beauty.
• Food in Ancient Greece consisted of grains, figs, wheat to make bread,
barley, fruit, vegetables, breads, and cake.
• People in Ancient Greece also ate grapes, seafood of all kinds, and drank
wine.
• They kept goats, for milk and cheese. They sometimes hunted for meat.