1. Chapter 4 Note-taking Guide and Organizer
Name__________________________Mod______________
Cell Theory
The Cell Theory has three parts.
1.
2.
3.
Cell Diversity
Cells vary in _______________________, _____________________ and internal
___________________________.
All cells have a specific _______________________ to do and look and
____________________________ the best for that job.
Important Vocabulary

2. Many cells have a variety of internal structures called ___________________________ or
mini organs.
Most cells are surrounded by a ___________________________________________.
Many cells have a large organelle called the _______________________________.
Cells that contain ________________________ and a ____________________________are
called _______________________________cells.
Cells that DO NOT contain organelles and a nucleus are called
__________________________________________ cells.
Let’s Compare Three Types of Cells
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Viruses

3. Parts of the Eukaryotic Cell
 Cell Membrane
 Cytoplasm (cytosol)
 Mitochondria
 Ribosome
 Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)
 Golgi apparatus
 Lysosome
 Cytoskeleton
 Cilia and Flagella
 Nucleus
 Nucleolus
 Cell wall
 Vacuole
 Chloroplast

4. Label the eukaryotic cell.
Plant Cells Vs. Animal Cells
What are the Differences?
Plant Cells Animal Cells

6. Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell
Most of the test will be on this topic!

7.  Cell Membrane
 The cell membrane is selectively permeable which means some substances can cross
and others cannot cross.
 Cell membranes are made of primarily lipids and proteins.
 Cell membranes are made of a lipid bi-layer.
 A cell membrane is called a fluid mosaic because it behaves more like a liquid than a
solid.
 It is flexible and provides an effective barrier and transport function.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Cytoplasm
 This lies between the cell membrane inside of the cell.
 It is a fluid that all the organelles float in.
 It is sometimes called the cytosol.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.

8. Mitochondria
 Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell.
 Mitochondria create ATP for the cell to use as energy.
 One cell many have thousands of mitochondria depending on its function.
 Mitochondria have two membranes and have their own DNA which only comes from
the mother.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Ribosomes
 Ribosomes are the most numerous of the cell’s organelles.
 Ribosomes are made of proteins and RNA.
 Ribosomes are responsible for creating proteins.
 Ribosomes are found free in the cytoplasm and also attached to the rough ER.
(endoplasmic reticulum)
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.

9.  Endoplasmic Reticulum
 The ER comes in two varieties, the rough ER and the smooth ER.
 The rough ER contains ribosomes and makes proteins.
 The smooth ER does not contain ribosomes and makes lipids such as steroids.
 The rough and smooth ER are sometimes attach to each other.
 Both ER are involved in cell product transport of proteins and lipids.
Name Structure (What does it look
like?) Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Apparatus
 The golgi is the processing, packaging and transport system.
 It is a system of membranes that work closely with the ER.
 The golgi modifies the products for transport throughout the cell.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.

10. Lysosomes
 Lysosomes contain enzymes that help digest proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, DNA and
RNA.
 These enzymes can also digest old organelles, viruses and bacteria.
 Lysosomes are rare in plant cells.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Cytoskeleton
 Cytoskeleton’s are made of two parts: the microtubules and the microfilaments.
 The microtubules assist in cell division by moving the cells apart.
 Microfilaments are made of protein and help with muscle contractions.
 Both help support the cell and give structure but do allow for movement.
Name Structure (What does it look
like?) Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Cilia and Flagella

11.  Some cells have flagella. They usually only have one.
 Many cells have cilia which can number in the thousands.
 A flagella is like a whip.
 Cilia are like tiny paddles.
 Cilia and flagella are made of microtubules.
Name Structure (What does it look
like?) Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Cilia
Flagella
Nucleus
 The nucleus is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope.
 The nucleus contains all the DNA for the cell.
 It directs all the activities of the cell.
 The nuclear envelope contains pores so that RNA can pass into the cytoplasm during
protein synthesis.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Nucleolus

12.  The nucleolus is found inside the nucleus.
 It is responsible for making the ribosomes.
 There is usually only one.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Cell Wall
 Found in plant cells and bacteria only.
 Not found in animal cells.
 Helps maintain structure and protection.
 Does contain small pores to move water and oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.

13. Vacuoles
 These are fluid filled and store many different things such as water, waste, enzymes and
poisons.
 In plants vacuoles take up 90% of the space.
 Vacuoles are small in animal cells.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Chloroplast
 This also called a plastid.
 Chloroplasts have their own membrane and their own DNA.
 Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells and some protists. (little animals)
 Chloroplasts do photosynthesis and contain chlorophyll which make them green.
 Photosynthesis creates sugar from sunlight for the plant to use.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.