Lesley U. Copyright & Digital Cit. Presentation

Copyright,Fair Use and Plagiarism
in the Digital Age

Uploaded on January 18, 2007
by Dj tronick

Uploaded on October 19, 2008
by screenpunk
Uploaded on May 7, 2007
by jonsson

✤ Promising to various parties interested in the remix of art,
text, and music, ﬁlms, and web pages.

✤ Potentially harmful to various parties when art, text,
music, ﬁlms, and web pages are exploited.
Saturday, July 10, 2010

✤ The U.S. Congress ﬁrst exercised its power to enact copyright
legislation with the Copyright Act of 1790.

✤ The authority to establish Copyright Law comes from the U.S.
Constitution, Article 1, Section 8.

✤ In 2002, the United States revised and adapted exemptions for
educational use of works to accommodate new "distance
learning" technologies that allow teachers to reach students
via communications networks like the Internet.

✤ There has been and will continue to be a continual and
successful adaptation of copyright law.


Three Big Issues

✤Digital Storage

Uploaded on September
21, 2009 by nsaplayer
✤Digital Transmission
of digital work

✤Fair Use Uploaded on November 13, 2006 by grytr

Uploaded on September 24, 2008 by miss karen


Ease of Reproduction
Easy Perfect copies

Uploaded on June 14, 2008
Uploaded on December 19, 2008 by ddsnet
by Tiagø Ribeiro

Editable Inexpensive

Uploaded on April 6, 2008
Uploaded on August 24, 2005 by Jake Wasdin
by bunchofpants


Ease of Dissemination

Global digital networks allow the rapid, worldwide
dissemination of works in digital form.

✤ allow dissemination to many
individuals from a single point

✤ allow for things to “go viral”


Ease of Storage
Ever-increasing quantities of material can be stored in a
smaller and smaller amount of space.
✤early 1990‘s CDs stored over 600
megabytes of data

Uploaded on
September 3, 2006
✤ portable music player can store nearly
by Johny hanging
head down from
the tree 70 times that amount (around 10,000
songs) in a device the size of a cigarette
pack

Uploaded on June 21, 2007
by suesviews


Fair Use

✤ Not well understood before DA.

✤ Not well understood in the DA.

✤ There are only guidelines for FairUse.

Uploaded on February 22, 2006
by David M*


Fair Use? What is it?

✤ Fair use is the right, in some circumstances, to
quote copyrighted material without asking
permission or paying for it. Fair use enables
the creation of new culture, and keeps current
copyright holders from being private censors.

✤ Fair use is a user’s right.


Fair Use 101


Fair Use 101

✤ Teaching


Fair Use 101

✤ Teaching
✤ Scholarship


Fair Use 101

✤ Teaching
✤ Scholarship
✤ Research


Fair Use 101

✤ Teaching
✤ Scholarship
✤ Research
✤ Criticism


Fair Use 101

✤ Teaching
✤ Scholarship
✤ Research
✤ Criticism
✤ Parody


Fair Use 101

✤ Teaching
✤ Scholarship
✤ Research
✤ Criticism
✤ Parody
✤ Comment


Fair Use 101

✤ Teaching
✤ Scholarship
✤ Research
✤ Criticism
✤ Parody
✤ Comment
✤ News Reporting


Fair Use 101

✤ Teaching ✤Nonproﬁt Educational Institution
✤ Scholarship
✤ Research
✤ Criticism
✤ Parody
✤ Comment
✤ News Reporting


Fair Use 101

✤ Scholarship •Restricted Access (Available only to
students or other appropriate groups)
✤ Research
✤ Criticism
✤ Parody
✤ Comment
✤ News Reporting


Fair Use 101

✤ Scholarship •Restricted Access (Available only to
students or other appropriate groups)
✤ Research •Transformative or Productive Use
(Changes the work for new utility; adds
✤ Criticism value to the work; or does not diminish
the market)
✤ Parody
✤ Comment
✤ News Reporting


Why so important?
✤ As copyright laws have changed protecting
more works for longer periods than ever
before

✤ Creators face new challenges: licenses to
incorporate copyrighted sources become more
expensive and more diﬃcult to obtain—and
sometimes are simply unavailable.

✤ Fair use is more important today than ever
before.


Example of Correct Fair Use

✤ Make a hard copy a ✤ Make a digital copy
news article for of a news article and
every student in the post on the closed
class. content management
system where
• time students must login

• pertinent to the ✤time
class objectives
✤pertinent to the
class objectives


Incorrect Fair Use
✤ Make a digital copy
✤ Make copy of of a news article
newspaper year and post on teacher
after year and webpage on
distribute to Google Sites.
students. ✤ time
✤ pertinent to the ✤ pertinent to the
class objectives. class objectives


Software

Uploaded on April 20, 2007 by splorp

✤ Software developers own their programs.

✤ Software buyers only own the right to use the software
according to the license agreement unless it is open source
and public domain software.

Depending on the type of software no copying,
reselling, lending, renting, leasing, or
distributing is legal without the software
owner’s permission.

Software Licenses: Four types

Uploaded on December 28, 2007
✤ Public Domain
by Dave McLean

✤ Freeware
✤ Shareware
✤ All Rights
Reserved
✤ Open Source


Public Domain License

 Rare
Free, public domain image: Portrait of George Washington,
Standing, with Arm Outstretched.
 Unreliable
Library of Congress
0478-1003-0821-4801
 Poor quality
✤ This software has no owner  Virus-laden

and is not protected by No cost?
copyright law. That may be exactly how
much this software is
✤ It was either created with worth.
public funds, or the ownership
was forfeited by the creator.


Freeware License

Uploaded on April 2, 2008 by Buou
"Icons by: FastIcon.com"

Some freeware is
✤ Freeware is copyrighted software  “really good stuﬀ.”
that is licensed to be copied and  Pegasus Mail
distributed without charge.  Eudora Light

 Netscape
✤ Freeware is free  Internet Explorer

because the license
says it is, but it’s still
under the owner’
control.


Shareware License

Uploaded on November 15, 2009 by Norm Walsh

✤ The software is  Some shareware trials expire on a
licensed for copying and certain date
sharing for a trial period,  Payment depends on the honor system
but payment must be  Purchasing (the right to use) the
made to the owner for software may also get you a version
permanent use. with more powerful features and
published documentation.


Software License Agreement
Excerpts from QuarkXPress software license agreement
The software and Custo
m
who h ers
accompanying
,
T NT documentation may
a
EP ME not be transmitted
purch ve
CC EE a
Singl sed a
electronically,
A including over the
T GR R E e-
O A E O TH licens User
Internet, rented,

Th ust TW en se
N H T
O NSE T KE ON e
loaned, leased,

C F m en
INST may

e om A tat A
on e RE io gr
D N sold, distributed,

SO cu Lic
U CE PE AC AL ALL a

ly r i
do is
made available,
I
YO S L T O D P SE nd

rig t
USE

th
directly or
the

ht he d a acc ent
IF HI O SE HE

s an in em
indirectly, for USE
SOFT

gr rig cc or .
T O N LO T

an ht om da
by any other person W
D NC AK M on on ARE

te to pa nc
or entity not

d
n e
E RE O e

to US nyi w
covered by this
B D-R comp

th E t ng ith
License Agreement.
uter.

e he
C

e
The customer may not modify, translate, copy, reproduce, reverse engineer, disassemble, decompile,
or otherwise derive source code from, the SOFTWARE or accompanying documentation, or use it as a
basis for the preparation of other software programs


Beneﬁts of All Rights Reserved

✤ Reliable, professional support and training
available

✤ Packaged, comprehensive, and modular
formats

✤ Regularly and easily updated.


Disadvantages of All Rights
Reserved
✤ Costly
✤ Closed standards that hinder further development.
✤ Most proprietary software comes without the source code,
which is the code originally written by the programmer.
Without this code you do not have right to change the
way the software is developed. When you buy proprietary
software you are essentially buying the right to use the
software in a speciﬁc way, and in many cases the company
that developed it owns the software, and you just
purchase rights to use it.


Who is the Business Software
Alliance (BSA)?
They are the voice of the world’s computer software and
hardware industry.

Some of the companies they represent:

Microsoft

Adobe

AutoDesk

Symantec

Corel

Dell

Intel

Intuit

Apple

The Math Works


What happens if you break the
Software Copyright laws?

✤ Track the distribution of pirated software on
the Internet (auction sites/p2p)

✤ File civil lawsuits to stop software piracy
✤ They will involve local and national
authorities when necessary


Open Source Licensing


Freeware vs. Free Software

✤ The diﬀerence between Freeware and free
software is:

✤ Freeware is software available to users at a
zero price and the author usually restricts
the licensing

✤ Free software is free from licensing
restrictions therefore you can redistribute
to your friends and you are allowed to
change the change the program source


Beneﬁts of Open Source
✤ Low cost and no license fees
✤ Flexibility and customizability
✤ User communities that forms a good technical
support base

✤ Ability to run on multiple platforms, Windows,
Apple and Linux.

✤ Standards that facilitate integration with other
systems for example Windows, Linux and
Apple

Disadvantages of Open Source

✤ Lack of professional support
✤ Evolving developer communities
✤ Lack of release co-ordination
✤ Erratic updates


All Rights
Reserved License

Uploaded on February 17, 2006 by Aldo Risolvo

✤ May be used by the purchaser according the exact details spelled
out in the license agreement.

✤ You can’t legally use it--or even possess it-- without the owner’s
permission.


What to do?
Uploaded on May 17, 2007 by Brian Hillegas

✤ Pedagogy and Practice

✤ Creative Commons Licensing

✤ Policies

✤ Business Practices


Practice and Pedagogy
✤ Provide pre-service teachers with training in copyright law and fair use
guidelines

✤ Provide in-service teachers with ongoing training in copyright law and
fair use guidelines

✤ Develop assignments that use challenged based learning and project
based learning

✤ Teach students the process for synthesizing, analyzing, and paraphrasing
in the elementary grades through high school.

✤ Teach students correct citation skills and have them practice!

✤ Develop a culture of respect and understanding for copyrighted material


Creative Commons
Licensing

Uploaded on March 21, 2007 by DarthLen

✤ Teach about Creative Commons Licensing

✤ Allow and value students to contributions to
Creative Commons licensed materials

✤ Teach correct attribution and citation for
materials licensed by Creative Commons


School Policies

✤ Policies need to be about more than
pornography and inappropriate network use.

✤ Resources and guidance need to be readily
available to assist students and teachers with
questions about copyright and fair use.


Business

✤ Expect businesses to develop and uphold
policies about copyrighted material

✤ Clear understandable guidelines

✤ Contributing members of online networks
need to partners in the policies


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Lesley U. Copyright & Digital Cit. Presentation