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UbiBraille: Designing and Evaluating a Vibrotactile Braille-Reading Device.
1.
U BI B
RAILLE Designing and Evaluating a Vibrotactile Braille-Reading Device HUGO NICOLAU JOÃO GUERREIRO TIAGO GUERREIRO LUÍS CARRIÇO
2.
motivation :: constantly
online
3.
blind users ::
auditory feedback
4.
challenge :: alternative modality
5.
problem :: deaf-blind
users
6.
problem :: mobile
usage
7.
problem :: noisy
environments
8.
problem :: privacy
9.
earphones?
10.
goal :: inconspicuous
and private
11.
[Al-Qudah et al,
2011] [Jayant et al, 2010] [Ohtsuka et al, 2008] [Rantala et al, 2009] related work
12.
our approach ::
UbiBraille
13.
inspiration :: perkins
brailler
14.
example :: ‘a’
15.
example :: ‘b’
16.
same approach for
reading
17.
Six rings Lilypad vibe
board Vibration motor (10 mm), 3,8 Volts Arduino Mega ADK board ubibraille :: hardware
18.
ubibraille :: ‘b’
19.
advantage :: mnemonic
20.
advantage :: speed
21.
1. Will participants be
able to discriminate simultaneous stimuli?
22.
2. Will participants be able
to leverage Braille knowledge?
23.
3. What are the
most common error patterns?
24.
11 blind participants
(8 male, 3 female) Ages 21 – 61 (m=45, sd=16) Braille typists user study :: character recognition
25.
assessment :: braille
proficiency
26.
user study ::
procedure
27.
26 letters x
2 blocks 1. Audio signal 2. Delay (2 seconds) 3. Random braille character (from 26 letters) 4. Answer 5. Monitor register answer user study :: procedure
28.
results :: character recognition
29.
82% 60% 50% 40% sd=17.25% 30% 20% 10% overall accuracy 0% a b
c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
30.
error rate per
character 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
31.
‘novyz’ are harder 60% 55% 50% 40% 36% 32%
32% 32% 30% 20% 10% 0% a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
32.
‘novyz’ are harder N O V Y Z 60% 55% 50% 40% 36% 32%
32% 32% 30% 20% 10% 0% a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
33.
51.6% error pattern ::
1 finger issues
34.
N O Q R V 1 finger error
:: insertion Y Z
35.
N O V Y Z Q R U X U 1 finger error
:: omission
36.
25.3% error pattern ::
2 finger issues
37.
Z X 25.3% error pattern ::
2 finger issues
38.
accuracy rate per
participant 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11
39.
result :: individual
differences 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11
40.
[rho=.571, p=.066, N=11] leverage
braille knowledge :: reading
41.
[rho=.627, p=.039, N=11] leverage
braille knowledge :: writing
42.
Memory
43.
82% overall accuracy More
fingers, more errors Mostly 1-finger errors Leverage braille knowledge character recognition :: major results
44.
user study #2
:: word recognition
45.
7 blind participants (from
study #1) Ages 21 – 62 user study :: participants
46.
1. Audio signal 2
times 2. Delay (2 seconds) 3. Random word 4. Answer 5. Monitor register answer user study :: procedure
47.
‘a’ ‘c’ stimulus ‘t’ interval Condition Stimulus (ms) Interval
(ms) 4000ms 2000 2000 2000ms 1000 1000 1000ms 500 500 500ms 250 250 user study :: conditions ‘o’ ‘r’
48.
4 conditions (randomized) 10
words per condition 280 trials 5 characters per word Commonly used words (Portuguese) user study :: design
49.
results :: word recognition
50.
recognition accuracy rate 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 93% 89% 64% 33% 4000ms 2000ms 1000ms 500ms Error
bars denote 95% CI
51.
recognition accuracy rate No
sig. diff. p>.05 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 93% 89% 64% 33% 4000ms 2000ms 1000ms 500ms Error bars denote 95% CI
52.
recognition accuracy rate Z=-2.041,
p<.05 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 93% 89% 64% 33% 4000ms 2000ms 1000ms 500ms Error bars denote 95% CI
53.
recognition accuracy rate Z=-2.379,
p<.05 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 93% 89% 64% 33% 4000ms 2000ms 1000ms 500ms Error bars denote 95% CI
54.
[rho=.805, p<.05, N=7] [rho=.543,
p=.208, N=7] leverage braille knowledge :: reading and writing
55.
Identify through context
56.
Condition 4000ms 2000ms 1000ms 500ms Median 5 5 3 2 IQR 1 2 2 1 likert scale [1-5]
: 5 is better word recognition :: ease of use
57.
Condition 4000ms 2000ms 1000ms 500ms Median 5 5 3 2 IQR 1 2 2 1 likert scale [1-5]
: 5 is better longest durations are easier
58.
Condition 4000ms 2000ms 1000ms 500ms Median 5 5 3 2 IQR 1 2 2 1 Z=-2.530, p<.05 Z=-2.428, p<.05 likert
scale [1-5] : 5 is better longest durations are easier
59.
1s duration +
1s interval à 90% leverage braille knowledge 12 wpm room for improvements word recognition :: major results
60.
conclusion :: ubibraille
61.
conclusion :: inconspicuous communication
62.
conclusion :: leverage braille-related
abilities
63.
conclusion :: character- and
word-level results
64.
future work :: ubibraille
65.
future work ::
finger discrimination
66.
future work ::
new applications
67.
future work :: multi-point
feedback
68.
The End. HUGO NICOLAU hugonicolau@computing.dundee.ac.uk paper
and slides @ http:/ /web.ist.utl.pt/hugo.nicolau
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