How Did The Native Americans Lse Their Land[1]

How did the Indians lose their land?

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By 1840 the US government had moved all of the eastern tribes to behind the 95th meridian or the Permanent Indian Frontier. Land behind it was seen by the whites as the ‘Great American Desert’ and was given to the Indians forever. The Permanent Indian Frontier (around 1834) The Permanent Frontier was not permanent at all. White settlers in the east crossed the plains on the Oregon and California Trails, particularly after the 1848 gold rush. The Indians attacked them as they felt invaded!

Fort Laramie Treaty, 1851 ,[object Object],The policy was effectively ‘concentration’ of Indian tribes onto ‘One Big Reservation’ Thomas Fitzpatrick Fort Laramie

Gold in Colorado and the failure of the Fort Lyon Treaty 1861 ,[object Object],At Fort Lyon the US government forced the Indians to abandon their claims to the land in the Fort Laramie Treaty. However, the chiefs could not get their warriors to agree to give up their land and live on a small reservation; they went on the war path fighting for their way of life. Fort Lyon Pikes Peak - Colorado

Sand Creek Massacre, 1864 ,[object Object],Black Kettle (Chief of the Cheyenne) escaped and alerted other tribes who stepped up violence against the whites. A US enquiry found that Colonel Chivington planned the attack in cold blood The attack Chivington orders the attack

[object Object],The South western plains were more peaceful for a while but the Northern Plains were still occupied by the Sioux who wanted to fight for their land. Bluff Creek 1865

Medicine Lodge Creek Meeting 1867 ,[object Object],This was the beginning of a policy of ‘concentration’ which meant moving Indians onto small reservations where they could no longer hunt or practise their nomadic way of life. John Taylor, Treaty Signing at Medicine Lodge Creek , 1867

Fort Laramie Treaty, 1868 ,[object Object],Life on the Reservations was hard as good quality supplies did not reach them as promised and the whole purpose of small reservations was to make the Indians forget their own way of life and adopt the white mans.

The Battle of the River Washita, 1868 ,[object Object],The attacks continued throughout the winters of 1868 -1869 and the majority of plains tribes wearily surrendered at for Cobb and were sent off to their reservations agreed at Medicine Lodge Creek.

Rosebud River,1876 ,[object Object],After collecting forces at the Rosebud River Sitting Bull had a vision during a Sun Dance. Crazy Horse attacked a US Army camp controlled by General Crook killing 84 and forcing them to withdraw. A Sun Dance

Battle of the Little Big Horn, 1876 ,[object Object],Custer’s force attacks alone

Custer’s Last Stand 1899, Paxson

The results of the Little Big Horn ,[object Object],General Terry General Crook

Battle of Wounded Knee, 1890 ,[object Object],While fleeing south to seek the protection of Red Cloud but were attacked by the 7th Cavalry at Wounded Knee Creek. Among the confusion the Cavalry opened fire with guns and artillery killing 250 Indians. Native American resistance was broken. Paiute Ghost Dance

Dawes Act,1887 ,[object Object],[object Object],The Dawes Act ended Indian territory by opening it up to Indians and whites a like. All had to become settled farmers.

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How Did The Native Americans Lse Their Land[1]

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How Did The Native Americans Lse Their Land[1]