Presentation by Tony Kimmet from the USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS); review and update of orthoimagery resources available for Hawaii and the Pacific

1. Hawaii and Pacific Basin Update Hawaii Geographic Information Coordinating Council August 13th, 2010 Tony Kimmet USDA-NRCS-NCGC

3. USDA supports Special Emphasis Programs such as the Asian American and Pacific Islanders programs.

4. USDA employees over 600 employees in Hawaii and the Pacific Basin.

5. USDA uses progressive new technology for areas such as Orthoimagery acquisition.

8. Alaska Update

9. 2005-2006 Status Graphic USDA-NRCS Digital Orthoimagery Acquisition in Alaska

10. 50 sq. km AOI’s - 9 NRI segments per AOI Other Tasking by NRCS Alaska– ASRC/FAS Contract NRI - Remote Segments 854 AOI’s awarded to Geoeye $993,097 1:24000 NMAS 20% or less CC Tier 2 License 10% Delivered in 06

11. 2010 Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands Acquisition Plan - Basic Specification is 1 feet, GSD, 4 Band (including IR) for all islands In Puerto Rico including outlying islands and all of the US Virgin Islands - Contracts to be awarded and administrated by USACOE-Jacksonville, FL.

12. - NRCS Hawaii/Pacific Basin work includes, Food and Security Act, Soil Survey, active and funding member of US Coral Reef Task Force.

13. NRCS Web Soil Survey using NCGC Web Map Service

15. Watershed Planning to manage burn areas and land slips

16. Pacific Basin Ngerikiil Bay, Palau Soil Sediment Run-off

17. USDA-Web Soil Survey

18. New Hawaii/Pacific Basin Acquisition Activity

19. USDA-NRCS/FSA collected Orthoimagery for the Hawaii Islands in 1997-2002. When the contracts finished in 2002, 70% of the Hawaiian Islands was successfully collected at a cost of +1.2 Million.

21. USDA- NRCS started using Satellite acquisition in 2005 with primary DigitalGlobe. Complete statewide acquisition was finished in 2009.

22. - Oahuis collected by DHS/NGA/USGS as part of the Urban 133 areas project.

23. All islands have DG .6 Meter Resolution, Four Band Orthoimagery data except Oahu (1 Ft., Natural Color).

25. What is the next generation of Orthoimagery for Hawaii?

27. 8/13/2010 DigitalGlobe Proprietary Constellation Covering the Spectrum 21

29. 8 Multispectral Bands @ 1.8m native resolution – to support more “spectral” or analytical applications;

31. WorldView-2 Traditional Spectral Bands Blue (0.45 - 0.51 µm) MS4 is designed for water body penetration, making it useful for coastal water mapping. Also, useful for soil/vegetation discrimination, forest type mapping and cultural feature identification. Green (0.51 -0.58 µm) MS3 is useful for measuring green reflectance of vegetation. It can also be used for cultural feature identification. Red (0.63 -0.69 µm) MS2 is sensitive to chlorophyll absorption region. It is useful for vegetation analysis and can even be used to differentiate plant types. It is also useful for cultural feature identification. Near Infrared (NIR1) (0.77 -0.895 µm) This band is useful for determining vegetation types, vigor and biomass survey, delineating water bodies, and for soil moisture discrimination.

32. New WorldView-2 Spectral Bands Coastal band Determine water depth in littoral zones Vegetation identification and analysis based on chlorophyll and water penetration characteristics Atmospheric correction. Yellow Ability to reproduce true color Vegetation analysis Red Edge Vegetative analysis, directly related to plant health revealed through chlorophyll production NIR2 Spectral analysis, overlaps with NIR-1 but less affected by atmospheric influence, Vegetative analysis and biomass studies

33. 8/13/2010 DigitalGlobe Proprietary Constellation Resolution and Accuracy WorldView-2 has 50 cm resolution and comparable accuracy standards to WorldView-1 WorldView-1stand-alone accuracy certified at 4.1 m CE90% or better without ground control at NADIR* The combination of WV02’s refined attitude, restricting the off nadir angle (ONA) to 20 degrees and measuring accuracy in areas with a slope less than 5 degrees we can meet 1:12,000 ortho accuracy in remote areas without ground control (e.g., Yukon Flats, AK) WorldView-2 Port Botany, AustraliaOctober 20, 2009 WorldView-1 CE90% Radius = 6.5 m Certified at 4.1m CE90% QuickBird CE90% Radius = 23 m * Excludes terrain displacement and viewing angle distortion 25

34. Potential when using 8 band high resolution imagery 411 Pine Flatwoods 412 Longleaf Pine 413 Sand Pine Scrub 410 Coniferous Forest 420 Hardwood Forest 430 Mixed Forest 440 Planted Forest 450 Clearcut Forest 421 Xeric Oak 422 Other Hardwood 431 Mixed Forest 441 Coniferous 442 Hardwood 451 Clearcut WorldView-2 Advantages: Level of Detail Anderson Classification System used below. Compare with National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale (NRIIS) Level of Detail: from Type to Species Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 400 Forested Uplands

35. New Digital Globe Sample Applications with WorldView-2

36. Benefits of Coastal Band for Bathymetry Abu Dhabi, UAE WorldView-2 First Images Natural Color (Top) G,B,C (Bottom) 2m Image October 20, 2009

37. WorldView-2 First Images 4 band 2m Image November 23, 2009 Aitutaki Lagoon, Cook Islands

38. WorldView-2 First Images 4 band 2m Image November 23, 2009 Aitutaki Lagoon

39. WorldView-2 First Images R, RE, NIR1 2m Image November 23, 2009 Aitutaki Lagoon submerged aquatic vegetation linear reefs

40. WorldView-2 First Images C, B, G 2m Image November 23, 2009 Aitutaki Lagoon

41. Plant Species Identification Wild plant populations are much more complex than organized farmlands, consisting of multiple species Some are invasive pests, while others have potential value such as biofuels With the increased spectral bands of WorldView-2, plant species can be differentiated from each other and accurately mapped

42. red sunset maple Norway maple green ash honey locust white ash spruce crab apple hackberry Vegetation Species and WV-2 Bands Reflectance MS Near-IR 2 Blue Green Red Near-IR 1 Red Edge Yellow Coastal 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Wavelength (nm)

43. WorldView-2 true color image Sochi, Russia Feb 20, 2010

44. + bathymetry WorldView-2 land covers Sochi, Russia Feb 20, 2010

45. Remote Sensing and Forestry Applications Forest acreage determination and spatial distribution of forests Forest cover detection and characterization Forest management data Timber species composition Structure & age, Diameter, Height Quality, health, Crown cover, Canopy closure, Biomass, leaf area index Mature and over mature forest discrimination Forest regeneration control of felled and burnt areas Monitoring of died-back areas during pests control Tree felling planning, delimitation and monitoring of parcels, and plantation monitoring Estimate fire, storm and other extreme weather damage Illegal logging Early detection of disease, health status identification 3D Modeling

46. DG/WorldView-2 Orthoimagery Acquisition Information and Hawaii and Pacific Basin Image Samples

48. ALL of Hawaii will be collected with DigitalGlobe – WorldView-2, 8 Band Multi-Spectral Imagery!

50. Hawaii and Pacific Basin Orthoimagery 2010 Contributions USGS $ 168,000 State of Hawaii $ 140,000 USDA (NRCS/USFS) $ 120,000* -------------- Total $ 428,000 * 2009 & 2010 Funds, Additional Funds Pending All funding listed above incurred contracting fees

51. I would like to say Thank You to Craig Tasaka, Henry Wolter, David Tomita, Lisa Fisher/Joe Donnigan (USFS) and my contacts at NRCS - Soil Survey Division and NHQ!

57. DG/WV2, Hawaii Island, North Half

58. DG/WV2, Hawaii Island, South Half

59. DG/WV-2, Currently Available (August, 2010), Not Currently Ordered

63. Kahoolawe, Hawaii January, 2010 DG-WorldView-2 8 Band MS with Pan

64. Kahoolawe, Hawaii, WV-2 : Bands 3,2,1, Pan Sharpen

65. Kahoolawe, Hawaii, WV-2 : Bands 4,3,2, Pan Sharpen

66. Kahoolawe, Hawaii, WV-2 : Bands 7, 5, 2, Pan Sharpen

67. Kahoolawe, Hawaii, WV-2 : Bands 7,5,2, Pan Sharpen

70. What are the early results/indications for improvements with WV-2 data?

71. How does this compare to results based on QB data?

72. Can you quantify the improvements in terms of efficiency/speed/productivity/manual intervention?

73. When will you have quantitative data and can we publish it as a research / case study?

74. Can you provide us your ground truth so that we can do our own analyses?

75. Do you have an idea of how this research would be applicable to existing commercial markets or applications?

77. Pan Sharpening testing has been started in ERDAS 2010, The following methods have been tested as of August, 2010.

78. Resolution Merge

79. Modified HIS Resolution Merge (with WV2 parameters)

80. HPF Resolution Merge

82. Pan Sharpen by DG Pan Band 8 Band MS

85. USDA will continue to test Pan Sharpening techniques and hopefully distribute both 8 Band MS / Pan Orthoimagery and Pan Sharpen Imagery. DG does not offer 8 Band Pan Sharpening.

86. As of August, 2010 the best Pan Sharpen technique tested in Erdas 2010: - Resolution Merge, Method = Brovey Transform, Resampling Technique= Bilinear Interpolation

88. Possible application may include Habitat assessment, Invasive Species Detection, Bathymetric/Benthic, Vegetation Analysis, Land Use/Land Cover Mapping, Soil Mapping etc..

89. Suggestion for HIGICC/Interested Users receive a Web Training session(s) from DigitalGlobe when the first DG/WV-2 Disc for Hawaii/Pacific Basin is released.

93. USGS and State of Hawaii have agreed that the Enterprise Premium License will meet their agency application requirements.

95. DigitalGlobe Enterprise Premium License exclusions. - DigitalGlobe currently does not offer a “Public Domain” license for QuickBird data. The Enterprise Premium License is the most open license available from DigitalGlobe. - The only exclusion in broad terms of the Enterprise Premium License is that DigitalGlobe QuickBird Imagery data itself could not be re-sold by anyone else (Vendors, Universities etc..). Please refer to Appendix C and D for more information on exclusions to Enterprise Premium.

98. http://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov Gateway : - DG Enterprise Premium License will allow compressed mosaics on the Public Side of the Gateway. - Mosaic must be compressed at 20:1 - USDA finished re-compressing at Hawaii mosaics and updating metadata. -MrSID mosaics are available on Gateway or Data Discs from Henry Wolter/Tony Kimmet. - Hawaii DG/QB2 mosaics are now posted on the Public Side of the Gateway!

99. Pacific Basin Orthoimagery

100. Circled Areas are on the NRCS/FAS DigitalGlobe Contract

101. Digital Globe Pacific Basin Update (June 2010) NRCS has complete coverage of the Pacific Basin Islands under contract. except CNMI-Alamagen Islands.

102. Show Pacific Basin Feasibility Report!

103. USDA Orthoimagery Acquisitions, Part 1 American Samoa NW Hawaiian Islands Marshall Islands Guam-CNMI Palau Misc. Most Islands/Atolls above are Orthoimagery however some were originally produced as Georeferenced due to a lack of DEM’s before 2007 when SRTM became available Complete list with Image Acquisition dates and License level will be available in July 2010.

104. USDA Orthoimagery Acquisitions, Part 2 Federated States of Micronesia Most Islands/Atolls above are Orthoimagery however some were originally produced as Georeferenced due to a lack of DEM’s before 2007 when SRTM became available Complete list with Image Acquisition dates and License level will be available in July 2010.

105. American Samoa, Tutuila Tsunami struck American Samoa on September 30th, 2009. USDA-NRCS provided Orthoimagery used in the Geospatial community for Disaster Response.

107. USDA-NRCS provided Orthoimagery used in the Geospatial community for Disaster Response.

109. Hawaii and Pacific Basin Islands Projected Under Contract DigitalGlobe WorldView-2 Hawaiian Islands: Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Lanai, Kahoolawe, Oahu, Kauai, Niihau, Molokini Crater and Lehua. North West Hawaii Islands: Midway Guam Commonwealth of the Mariana Islands: Saipan, Tinian with Aguijan, Rota, Pagan American Samoa: Tutuila, East Manua, West Manua, Rose Atoll and Swain Atoll Federated States of Micronesia: Yap State/Yap Island Misc: Palmyra