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Isolated Entities or Integrated Neighbourhoods?   An Alternative Approach to the Measurement of Deprivation Dr. Alasdair Rae Department of Town and Regional Planning University of Sheffield
Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. Introduction Liverpool London ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The geography of deprivation in England ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],North West South East
2. The issues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],‘ Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things’, Tobler, 1970, 236
The issue of ‘area effects’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],‘ neighbourhoods have a strong and independent effect upon the well-being and life chances of individuals’  Blasius  et al ., 2007, 627 ‘ in studies of within neighbourhood effects, no interaction occurs among the neighbourhoods; that is, the neighbourhood possesses no spillover characteristics. Thus, neighbourhoods with identical characteristics but dissimilar neighbouring neighbourhoods are considered equivalent’  Dietz, 2002, 541
Spatial units of analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3. The approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Spatial weights derived for 403, 805 and 1609 metres Distance k-nearest Spatial weights derived for 4, 8 and 16 nearest
English IMD 2004 (Moran’s  I : 0.6853) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4. Findings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Note any pattern in LSOA column? But, no local component – refinement needed
Now each neighbourhood given a weight  (based on first order contiguity)
LISA Approach – Spatial Context Typology Large regional variations in the spatial context of deprivation Manchester and Surrounding Districts IMD Score Relationship Spatial Context Classification Most Deprived 20% (6,496) High-High Enclosed deprivation 3,172 Low-Low Enclosed affluence 0 Low-High Isolated affluence 7 High-Low Isolated deprivation 54 Not Significant Variable 3,263
5. Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Next Steps http://undertheraedar.blogspot.com ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Spatial Context 151208

  • 1. Isolated Entities or Integrated Neighbourhoods? An Alternative Approach to the Measurement of Deprivation Dr. Alasdair Rae Department of Town and Regional Planning University of Sheffield
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. Spatial weights derived for 403, 805 and 1609 metres Distance k-nearest Spatial weights derived for 4, 8 and 16 nearest
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. Note any pattern in LSOA column? But, no local component – refinement needed
  • 13. Now each neighbourhood given a weight (based on first order contiguity)
  • 14. LISA Approach – Spatial Context Typology Large regional variations in the spatial context of deprivation Manchester and Surrounding Districts IMD Score Relationship Spatial Context Classification Most Deprived 20% (6,496) High-High Enclosed deprivation 3,172 Low-Low Enclosed affluence 0 Low-High Isolated affluence 7 High-Low Isolated deprivation 54 Not Significant Variable 3,263
  • 15.
  • 16.