This presentation provides an overview of the Indo-European language family, which includes over half the world's languages. It describes the major branches such as Indian, Iranian, Armenian, Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Hellenic, Albanian, Tocharian, Italic, Celtic, and their descendent languages. Key points covered include the geographic origins and distributions of the branches as well as important languages within each branch such as Sanskrit, Persian, Greek, Latin, and their derivations over time.
2. The most widely studied language
family
More than half of the world's
population speak one or more of these
languages.
The term Indo-European was
previously coined as Aryan, and later on
Indo Germanic.
3. Members of The Indo-European Family of Languages
Note: Two other branches of Indo-European family Hittie and
Tocharianare now extinct. These are not shown in the above
diagram.
4.
5. Vedas
Indian
The use of Sanskrit
extended afterward
Panini and the transition
of Vedic Sanskrit
Two epics, the Mahabharatha
and the Ramayana
Prakrits and Pali
Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi and Marathi
descendents of dialects
6. Iranian
Covers the Northwest of India and the great
plateau of Iran.
Linked with the Indian branch.
Expansion of the language carried as remote as
southern Russia and central China.
Iranian
Avestan
Persian
7. AVESTAN: Of AVESTA-
sacred book of
Zrastrians- sometimes called zend.
OLD
PERSIAN: Preserved-conquests-
Daries,Xerxes.
8. Armenian
Found in a small area south of the Caucasus
Mountains and the eastern end of the Black Sea.
Entrance, between the eighth and sixth centuries
B.C.
Balkans, Hellespont
Influences of some consonant shifting
Lack of grammatical gender
No link with any other Indo European
9. The Phrygians
Limitations
Its rising
Armenian literature
Persian domination
Other languages in vocabulary.
12. SALVIC
EAST
SALVIC: Great Russian, White
Russian, Little Russian(Ukrainian)
WEST
SALVIC: Polish, Czechoslovakian,
Sorbian(Wend).
SOUTH
SALVIC: Bulgarian, SerboCroatian, Slovenian
Bible and certain liturgical texts
represents salvic language.
13. Hittie
The oldest recorded branch
The term taken from the translation of
the Hebrew Bible
Records are on clay tablet
The Hittites were ancient Anatolian
people
14. Germanic
Germanic
East Germanic
North Germanic
West Germanic
Gothic, is the principal language of East Germanic.
Burgundian and Vandalic.
North Germanic is found in Scandinavia, Denmark,
Iceland and the Faroe Islands.
15. West Germanic
High German
Low German
Middle,
Rhenish, East Franconian Bavarian and
Alemannic dialects of High German
Old Saxon, Old Low Franconian, Old Frisian and
Old English.
Old Frisian and Old English constitute Anglo-Frisian
Old Low Franconian, with some mixture of Frisian
and Saxon constitute Dutch and Flemish.
16. Hellenic
Geographical position
Five dialectal groups
Attic the mostly studied dialect
Place of greats’ assemblage
Attic, base of Koine
Local differentiation of Koine and Modern Greek.
17. Albanian
Modern remnant of Illyrian
Vocabulary is mixed
Slowly recognized
Formerly classed with Hellenic group
Now independent recognition
18. Tocharian
Added in the Indo-European language family in
the 20th century.
Some fragmentary texts discovered
Belongs to the Indo-European family along with
the Hellenic, Italic, Germanic and Celtic groups.
19. Italic
Derived from Latin
Settlements from different parts of the world.
Etruscan, Lingurian, Venetic, Messapian and Greek,
spoken earlier.
Italic
Latin
Italic Branch
Oscan
Umbrian
Latin gradually getting dominant.
20.
21. French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italic, prominent
Romance language
Romanian, Catalon, Galician, Rhaeto-Romanic,
Wallon- minor Romanian
22. Celtic
Language of the Celts in Gaul is known as Gallic
Goidelic or Gaelic Celts
Brythonic Celts
Cornish became extinct in the eighteenth century
Manx has died out since World War II
Gaelic is found in the Highlands and spoken by
75,000 people.
23. Gaelic is found in the Highlands and spoken by
75,000 people.
Welsh is spoken about one-quarter of the people
Irish