Symfony2 - extending the console component

Extending and Leveraging
the Power of the CLI.

Who’s talking?

Hugo
Hamon

Follow me on Twitter…

@hhamon

Introduction to the Console
Component

Redondant and
tedious tasks.

CRON jobs and
batch processing.

Code generation.
Interactive setup tools.
Cache clearing / warming.
…

Improve your
productivity and eﬃency.

Creating new command
line tools in bundles

src/Sensio/Bundle/
HangmanBundle/Command/
GameHangmanCommand.php

Bootstrapping a new command
namespace SensioBundleHangmanBundleCommand;

use SymfonyComponentConsoleCommandCommand;

class GameHangmanCommand extends Command
{
protected function configure()
{
$this
->setName('game:hangman')
->setDescription('Play the famous hangman game from the CLI')
;
}
}

protected function configure()
{
$this->setHelp(<<<EOF
The <info>game:hangman</info> command starts a new game of the
famous hangman game:

<info>game:hangman 8</info>

Try to guess the hidden <comment>word</comment> whose length is
<comment>8</comment> before you reach the maximum number of
<comment>attempts</comment>.

You can also configure the maximum number of attempts
with the <info>--max-attempts</info> option:

<info>game:hangman 8 --max-attempts=5</info>
EOF);
}

Adding arguments & options
$this->setDefinition(array(

new InputArgument('length',
InputArgument::REQUIRED, 'The length of the word to
guess'),

new InputOption('max-attempts', null,
InputOption::VALUE_OPTIONAL, 'Max number of
attempts', 10),

));

$ php app/console help game:hangman

Executing a command
protected function execute(
InputInterface $input,
OutputInterface $output)
{

// the business logic goes here...

}

namespace SymfonyComponentConsoleInput;

interface InputInterface
{
function getFirstArgument();
function hasParameterOption($values);
function getParameterOption($values, $default = false);
function bind(InputDefinition $definition);
function validate();
function isInteractive();

function getArguments();
function getArgument($name);
function getOptions();
function getOption($name);
}

interface OutputInterface
{
function write($messages, $newline, $type);
function writeln($messages, $type = 0);

function setVerbosity($level);
function getVerbosity();
function setDecorated($decorated);
function isDecorated();
function setFormatter($formatter);
function getFormatter();
}

protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output)
{
$dictionary = array(
7 => array('program', 'speaker', 'symfony'),
8 => array('business', 'software', 'hardware'),
9 => array('algorithm', 'framework', 'developer')
);

// Read the input
$length = $input->getArgument('length');
$attempts = $input->getOption('max-attempts');

// Find a word to guess
$words = $dictionary[$length];
$word = $words[array_rand($words)];

// Write the output
$output->writeln(sprintf('The word to guess is %s.', $word));
$output->writeln(sprintf('Max number of attempts is %u.', $attempts));
}

Validating the input
arguments and options.

Validating input parameters
// Read the input
$lengths = array_keys($dictionary);

if (!in_array($length, $lengths)) {
throw new InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('The length "%s" must be
an integer between %u and %u.', $length, min($lengths), max($lengths)));
}

if ($attempts < 1) {
throw new InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('The attempts "%s" must
be a valid integer greater than or equal than 1.', $attempts));
}

$ php app/console game:hangman foo

$ php app/console game:hangman 8 --max-attempts=bar

The formatter helper

class FormatterHelper extends Helper
{
public function formatSection($section, $message, $style);

public function formatBlock($messages, $style, $large);
}

$formatter->formatBlock('A green information', 'info');

$formatter->formatBlock('A yellow comment', 'comment');

$formatter->formatBlock('A red error', 'error');

$formatter->formatBlock('A custom style', 'bg=blue;fg=white');

// Get the formatter helper
$formatter = $this->getHelperSet()->get('formatter');

// Write the output
$output->writeln(array(
'',
$formatter->formatBlock('Welcome in the Hangman Game',
'bg=blue;fg=white', true),
'',
));

$output->writeln(array(
$formatter->formatSection('Info', sprintf('You have %u
attempts to guess the hidden word.', $attempts), 'info', true),
'',
));

Make the command
interact with the end user.

class DialogHelper extends Helper
{
public function ask(...);

public function askConfirmation(...);

public function askAndValidate(...);
}

class Command
{
// ...

protected function interact(
InputInterface $input,
OutputInterface $output
)
{
$dialog = $this->getHelperSet()->get('dialog');

$answer = $dialog->ask($output, 'Do you enjoy
your Symfony Day 2011?');
}
}


$won = false;
$currentAttempt = 1;

do {

$letter = $dialog->ask(
$output, 'Type a letter or a word... '
);

$currentAttempt++;

} while (!$won && $currentAttempt <= $attempts);

Asking and validating the answer
do {

$answer = $dialog->askAndValidate(
$output,
'Type a letter or a word... ',
array($this, 'validateLetter')
);

$currentAttempt++;

} while ($currentAttempt <= $attempts);

public function validateLetter($letter)
{
$ascii = ord(mb_strtolower($letter));

if ($ascii < 97 || $ascii > 122) {
throw new InvalidArgumentException('The expected
letter must be a single character between A and Z.');
}

return $letter;
}

Refactoring your code is
good for your command.

Think your commands as
controllers.

Request <-> Response
Input <-> Output

The Dictionary class
namespace SensioBundleHangmanBundleGame;

class Dictionary implements Countable
{
private $words;

public function addWord($word);

public function count();

public function getRandomWord($length);
}

The Game class
namespace SensioBundleHangmanBundleGame;

class Game
{
public function __construct($word, $maxAttempts);
public function getWord();
public function getHiddenWord();
public function getAttempts();
public function tryWord($word);
public function tryLetter($letter);
public function isOver();
public function isWon();
}

Command class refactoring
protected function interact(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output)
{

$this->dictionary = new Dictionary();
$this->dictionary
->addWord('program')
...
;

$word = $dictionary->getRandomWord($length);
$this->game = new Game($word, $attempts);
$this->writeIntro($output, 'Welcome in the Hangman Game');
$this->writeInfo($output, sprintf('%u attempts to guess the word.', $attempts));
$this->writeInfo($output, implode(' ', $this->game->getHiddenWord()));
}

Command class refactoring
protected function interact(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output)
{
// ...

do {
if ($letter = $dialog->ask($output, 'Type a letter... ')) {
$this->game->tryLetter($letter);
$this->writeInfo($output, implode(' ', $this->game->getHiddenWord()));
}

if (!$letter && $word = $dialog->ask($output, 'Try a word... ')) {
$this->game->tryWord($word);
}
} while (!$this->game->isOver());
}

Unit testing is
about testing
your model
classes.

Unit testing the Game class
namespace SensioBundleHangmanBundleTestsGame;

use SensioBundleHangmanBundleGameGame;

class GameTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
public function testGameIsWon()
{
$game = new Game('foo', 10);
$game->tryLetter('o');
$game->tryLetter('f');

$this->assertEquals(array('f', 'o', 'o'), $game->getHiddenWord());
$this->assertTrue($game->isWon());
}
}

Functional testing console
commands

Run the command and
check the output.

The SayHello command
namespace SensioBundleDemoBundleCommand;

class HelloWorldCommand extends Command
{
// ...

protected function execute($input, $output)
{
$name = $input->getOption('name');

$output->writeln('Your name is <info>'. $name .'</info>');
}
}

class SayHelloCommandTest extends CommandTester
{
public function testSayHello()
{
$input = new ArrayInput(array('name' => 'Hugo'));
$input->setInteractive(false);

$output = new StreamOutput();

$command = new SayHelloCommand();
$command->run($input, $output);

$this->assertEquals(
'Your name is <info>Hugo</info>',
$output->getStream()
);
}
}

namespace SymfonyComponentConsoleTester;

class CommandTester
{
public function __construct(Command $command);

public function execute($input, $options);

public function getDisplay();

public function getInput();

public function getOutput();
}

class SayHelloCommandTest extends CommandTester
{
public function testSayHello()
{
$tester = new CommandTester(new SayHelloCommand());

$tester->execute(array('name' => 'Hugo'), array(
'interactive' => false
));

$this->assertEquals(
'Your name is <info>Hugo</info>',
$tester->getDisplay()
);
}
}

Being the God of the
command line J

namespace SymfonyComponentDependencyInjection;

interface ContainerAwareInterface
{
/**
* Sets the Container.
*
* @param ContainerInterface $container
*
* @api
*/
function setContainer(ContainerInterface $container = null);
}

namespace SensioBundleHangmanBundleCommand;

//...
class GameHangmanCommand extends Command implements ContainerAwareInterface
{
// ...
private $container;

public function setContainer(ContainerInterface $container = null)
{
$this->container = $container;
}

protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output)
{
$service = $this->container->get('my_service');
}
}

namespace SymfonyBundleFrameworkBundleCommand;

use SymfonyComponentConsoleCommandCommand;
use SymfonyComponentDependencyInjectionContainerInterface;
use SymfonyComponentDependencyInjectionContainerAwareInterface;

abstract class ContainerAwareCommand extends Command implements
ContainerAwareInterface
{
private $container;

protected function getContainer()
{
if (null === $this->container) {
$this->container = $this->getApplication()->getKernel()->getContainer();
}

return $this->container;
}

public function setContainer(ContainerInterface $container = null)
{
$this->container = $container;
}
}

Reading the con guration

$container = $this->getContainer();

$max = $container->getParameter('hangman.max_attempts');

Accessing the Doctrine registry

$doctrine = $container->get('doctrine');
$em = $doctrine->getEntityManager('default');

$score = new Score();
$score->setScore(10);
$score->setPlayer('hhamon');

$em->persist($score);
$em->flush();

Rendering Twig templates


$templating = $container->get('templating'):

$content = $templating->render(
'SensioHangmanBundle:Game:finish.txt.twig',
array('game' => $this->game)
);

Generating urls

$router = $container->get('router'):

$url = $router->generate(
'game_finish',
array('user' => 'hhamon'),
true
);

Translating messages

$translator = $container->get('translator'):

$content = $translator->trans(
'Hello %user%!',
array('user' => 'hhamon'),
null,
'fr'
);

Writing logs


$logger = $container->get('logger');

$logger->info('Game finished!');

Dealing with the lesystem


$fs = $container->get('filesystem');

$fs->touch('/path/to/toto.txt');

Questions & Answers

Ask a (little) ninja J

•  Calling
a
command
from
a
command

•  Calling
a
command
in
a
command

•  Sending
an
email

Symfony2 - extending the console component

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