9. Practical Benefits of EVs: Fuel Affordability Transportation Costs as % Income Data Not Available Less than 15% 15 to 18% 18 to 20% 20 to 28% 28% and Greater
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11. Type Example Electric Range BEV Battery Electric Vehicle Nissan Leaf 100 miles - all electric. PHEV Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Chevy Volt 40 miles electric, then gasoline backup.
24. Getting Ready Orlando Houston Toronto Raleigh Rhode Island Denver Indianapolis Portland Chicago Los Angeles New York San Francisco Vancouver Nashville/Knoxville Phoenix/Tucson Seattle
38. Retail Demand Identify and create consumer and business demand for plug-in vehicles Government Policy Encourage adoption of best practices and emerging technology to enable roll-out of plug-in vehicles and easy deployment of infrastructure. Fleet Demand Identify and demonstrate fleet demand for plug-ins to vehicle manufacturers. Charging Infrastructure Ensure there are places to charge plug-in vehicles. Vehicle Availability Accelerate delivery of plug-in vehicles to this area by instilling confidence in the vehicle manufacturers (OEMs) regarding the area’s commitment to purchase and ability to support plug-ins. Incentives Identify incentives to encourage the adoption of plug-in vehicles.
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Notas do Editor
Introduce Paul Snider, Manager, Government Affairs, Kansas City Power & Light Scott Carson, National Sales Director, Smith Electric Vehicles US
Transportation Electrification means purposefully moving from a transportation system fueled by petroleum toward transportation fueled by electricity. Many thought-leaders have concluded electric is the transportation solution of the future, given the expanding world market for petroleum-based fuel and the contraction of easy sources for oil. As such, our federal leadership is calling for significant investment in electric vehicle technology research and deployment and has given us some tools to get there.
We have been given some high targets to meet over the next few years, and what tools do we have to get there? Electric ground support and offroad vehicles have become nearly commonplace already Low-speed, or neighborhood, electric vehicles have been widely available for several years, though by no means a major market. All-electric, full-speed, commercial vehicles have been rolling out since late 2009, led by Smith Electric Vehicles here in the U.S. and have been a niche market in Europe for 80 years. Full-speed consumer electric vehicles are launching worldwide late this year and throughout 2011 and are arriving at the same time as plug-in electric hybrids.
Lofty goals, but what are the practical benefits of electric transportation? Local contractor electricians, to install and maintain the electric vehicle supply equipment (called EVSEs) would be the largest employment opportunity in most areas. Depending on the volume sold, dealers may be able to add sales and mechanic jobs to support the additional sales. Truck upfitters will support fleet EV purchases. Battery plants will provide assembly, skilled trades, and engineering jobs (a project in Tennessee will employ up to 1300 people). The EVSE industry itself provides manufacturing and sales jobs.
These are the air pollutants regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency. Picking on ozone, our major polluter: It is a chemical compound, created by particular conditions outdoors The “Ozone layer” above the earth is natural and protects us from UV rays But “Ground-level ozone” is a human-made pollutant, created when Nitrogen Oxide and Volatile Organic Compound emissions come together in heat and sunlight.
Ozone affects our health Causing damage to respiratory system Everyone can be affected, especially people with asthma, children, elderly, and people who exercise outdoors Ozone affects the Environment Damages leaves Reduces crop yields Makes plants less resistant to pests and disease As we can see here, mobile sources, our on-road and off-road vehicles, combine to make up 56% of ozone air pollution.
The Center for Neighborhood Technology recently released its Housing & Transportation Affordability Index. This slide compares annual household gasoline expenses in our region between the year 2000 and the peak of gas prices in mid-2008. The neighborhoods near the center of the action were spending less than $900 a year in 2000 on gas, but at its peak price in 2008, even those people would spend triple the money per year, up to $2700. Bright yellow = Less than 900 $/Year Light tan = 900 to 1,800 $/Year Tan = 1,800 to 2,700 $/Year Pink = 2,700 to 3,600 $/Year Red = 3,600 $/Year and Greater
As you know, the general trend over the years is higher gas prices. Just like housing costs ideally shouldn’t be more than 30% of total household income, ideally transportation costs shouldn’t rise above approximately 15% of total household income. Looking at the percentage of income spent in our region, even in the urban core in Kansas City, models show that transportation costs are at 16 and 17%, with much higher costs as we get to the outer rings of the metro.
Fleets have economies of scale and are necessarily the early adopters of vehicle technologies, which ultimately reduces costs for consumers. Fleet driving patterns are known, so matching the right vehicle and electric range to a known application creates built-in success and the perfect climate for demonstrations and pilot projects. Fleets are ubiquitous in urban areas, and as early adopters, their visibility promotes new technologies to the community Usually fleets get to try out new technologies because of these reasons, and sometimes or perhaps often it is a burden they carry for the general population, but theirs is an important and significant role
There are all sorts of acronyms for plug-in vehicles: EV, BEV, PHEV, ER-EV, but essentially there are two kinds: those that are powered solely by batteries and those that rely on the support of a more traditional fuel, usually gasoline or diesel. Either way, their electric batteries are primarily charged by electric outlets connected to the grid.
Now for the fun stuff. What’s coming down the assembly line now and in the near future? Ford plans to deliver the Transit Connect Electric small commercial van in 2010, its Focus Electric passenger car in 2011, and two next-generation hybrids and plug-in hybrid in 2012
Consumers are now able to reserve a first-run LEAF by visiting nissanusa.com/leaf-electric-car and putting in a $99 deposit. The LEAF is being launched in limited markets this winter, with wider distribution in 2011. Kansas City area dealers are scheduled to become Qualified for electric vehicle sales and service in June or July of 2011.
Columbia, Vantage, Miles, GEM, and other manufacturers have been producing low-speed all-electric work trucks for years. These vehicles have a maximum speed of 25 miles per hour, are legal on many streets with maximum posted speed limit of 35 miles per hour, and are ideal for many work and neighborhood situations.
Full-speed electric work trucks are now a reality, ranging from box trucks to full-size utility bucket trucks. Based on a platform and business model being used in Europe for more than 80 years, Smith EV US started assembling trucks in Kansas City last fall, and business is quickly growing here and around the U.S.
The Chevy Volt will launch in November in select markets. It’s introduction in the rest of the States will be staggered, according to the effort each community puts into a plug-in readiness effort, and they don’t yet have specific plans for a dealer training schedule in Kansas City. Chevy expects to be in the whole US market by the end of 2012.
Existing hybrid Priuses can be converted to plug-in hybrids with a certified conversion from A123 Hymotion, but the factory Plug-In Hybrid Prius isn’t due until 2011, with Toyota’s first all-electric vehicle tentatively scheduled for 2012.
Partnerships are being formed by area companies to supply solar charging canopies to those interested in further reducing their footprints by using solar energy to supplement their use of the electric grid.
Going back to passenger vehicles, let’s take a look at the charge times associated with a full or partial charge. Using a regular 120-volt outlet, it can take up to 20 hours to recharge a fully discharged battery, depending on how big your battery pack is. This is commonly called Level 1 charging. Using an outlet like your clothes dryer does, a 240-volt charge or level 2 charging, a fully discharged battery pack of the same size takes about a quarter of the time to recharge. More convenient, but it requires a much heavier load from the utility. This is where our friends on the Smart Grid project come in and one of the reasons why creating a plug-in strategy is necessary.
Over to Ron Achelpohl, Assistant Director of Transportation Planning at Mid-America Regional Council to talk about our Plug-In Readiness Initiative.
Environmental Improvement : Reduces emissions such as CO2, GHG, and particulates. Increases Transportation Energy Efficiency 50% efficiency gain over internal combustion vehicles. Cost savings result. Improves energy security Reduces demand for foreign oil and replacing it with domestic fuel sources. Provides great fuel source flexibility, including use of wind and solar. Increased economic activity, competitiveness, and jobs This new industry segment brings new green jobs in the plug-in space. New revenue streams result. Additional companies are attracted to our area.
Electrification projects and plug-in readiness activities are taking place throughout the country.
The sum total of these activities can be summed up with this map. Electrification is taking place more rapidly on the coasts. Kansas City can be the leader in the Mid West. But how do we get there?
Project Get Ready has identified barriers and prioritized the most important actions cities must take to become plug-in ready
Consumers will need to learn the pros and cons of a plug-in lifestyle, and a new way of valuing upfront costs against operational savings. All these players will need to build a new system of connectivity in order to line up charging times, billing, consumer preferences. Such changes create a multitude of barriers, not the least of which is “how can all these changes happen simultaneously and in a coordinated manner?”
Management as a multi-sector, city-wide project. Consumer hesitation at diving into a new paradigm for mobility Consumers will need to be educated about plug-ins Service techs will need to be trained High upfront costs for consumers will need to be reduced What if this exacerbates my peak load
Corporate/city/state fleets commit to buy a certain number of plug-ins Stakeholder group provides a place for interested consumers/fleets to register early Create collaborative stakeholder group to help interests align. Sign on to a clear regional plan Have one “champion” whose job it is to keep this group moving forward Work with banks and dealers to offer low-interest loans for plug-ins Bundle all key incentives at vehicle point of purchase (home charger vouchers, rebates, etc.) Perks: access to HOV lanes, free tolls/downtown parking, reserved airport parking. Create education plans including test drives, “quick lease” options, and high profile drivers. Reduced (or free) electricity rates for charging. Fast-track permitting for charging stations. Ensure new and reconstruction/renovation building codes support the operation of plug-ins. Tie provisions of free home and public charge spots, as well as free or cheaper electricity, to either utility override power or “no charge” times. Local employers/retailers provide some charge stations at parking decks. Install public charge spots in high-traffic zones and parking areas with public and private money Provide affordable and available—or free—Level 2 home-charger/driveway circuit installation.
Corporate/city/state fleets commit to buy a certain number of plug-ins Stakeholder group provides a place for interested consumers/fleets to register early Create collaborative stakeholder group to help interests align. Sign on to a clear regional plan Have one “champion” whose job it is to keep this group moving forward Work with banks and dealers to offer low-interest loans for plug-ins Bundle all key incentives at vehicle point of purchase (home charger vouchers, rebates, etc.) Perks: access to HOV lanes, free tolls/downtown parking, reserved airport parking. Create education plans including test drives, “quick lease” options, and high profile drivers. Reduced (or free) electricity rates for charging. Fast-track permitting for charging stations. Ensure new and reconstruction/renovation building codes support the operation of plug-ins. Tie provisions of free home and public charge spots, as well as free or cheaper electricity, to either utility override power or “no charge” times. Local employers/retailers provide some charge stations at parking decks. Install public charge spots in high-traffic zones and parking areas with public and private money Provide affordable and available—or free—Level 2 home-charger/driveway circuit installation.
Support non-traditional OEMs, conversion shops, and other businesses with tax incentives, contracts. Plug in owners get access to a “plug-in concierge”. Plug-in service is better than traditional service. Invest in education for plug-in service technicians and plug-in crash safety training for fire/police Provide cash incentives to consumers for vehicles so that plug-in-premium is eliminated Introduce a government/3rd party sponsored battery warranty program to share the risk and to reduce the near-term cost of advanced batteries Launch major marketing plan to highlight the “empowerment, fun and energy independence” associated with plug-ins Bundle plug-in purchase with a “green power only” utility contract and discounts on home solar, AMI installation, a smart grid upgrade, bike, bus pass, and/ or light rail pass to high-light plug-in role in the green lifestyle Foster early roll-out in taxi fleets and rental cars Develop materials to educate the drivers of tomorrow by reaching students of all levels Install sub-meters (or Smart Grid) for plug-ins
Support non-traditional OEMs, conversion shops, and other businesses with tax incentives, contracts. Plug in owners get access to a “plug-in concierge”. Plug-in service is better than traditional service. Invest in education for plug-in service technicians and plug-in crash safety training for fire/police Provide cash incentives to consumers for vehicles so that plug-in-premium is eliminated Introduce a government/3rd party sponsored battery warranty program to share the risk and to reduce the near-term cost of advanced batteries Launch major marketing plan to highlight the “empowerment, fun and energy independence” associated with plug-ins Bundle plug-in purchase with a “green power only” utility contract and discounts on home solar, AMI installation, a smart grid upgrade, bike, bus pass, and/ or light rail pass to high-light plug-in role in the green lifestyle Foster early roll-out in taxi fleets and rental cars Develop materials to educate the drivers of tomorrow by reaching students of all levels Install sub-meters (or Smart Grid) for plug-ins
Create a strategy for establishing a network of charging stations both public and private, including number, timing, ownership, locations and funding Coordinate with Government Policy Sub-team to ensure building codes, permitting processes, and zoning ordinances support the strategy. Coordinate with electric utility companies to manage impact to grid through timing level of charging and supplementation with distributed generation (PV, Wind). Plan the installation of charging infrastructure for public entities, businesses, and electric utilities for fleets and the general public Coordinate with the permitting authority to facilitate fast and easy installation of home charging station installations when a person purchases a plug-in vehicle. Include regulatory planning in cooperation with the government policy sub team and work with government policy sub-team to initiate regulatory framework discussions with PSC and KCC.
Coordinate with the permitting authority to facilitate fast and easy installation of home charging station installations when a person purchases a plug-in vehicle. Include regulatory planning in cooperation with the government policy sub team and work with government policy sub-team to initiate regulatory framework discussions with PSC and KCC.
(Passenger cars from major OEMs; heavy, medium, and light duty fleet work vehicles; personal vehicles – scooters, bicycles, NEVs, etc)