1. DIS Architecture and Design Spring 2013
European Urban Design Theories 3 Credits
Lecturer: Henning Thomsen (HT), byensojne@gmail.com
Course Assistant: Samer Khudairi (SK), sk@dis.dk
Mee ng Loca on: Vestergade 23-401
“Urban design is that part of city planning which deals with the physical
form of the city. This is the most crea ve phase of city planning and that
in which imagina on and ar s c capaci es can play a more important
part. It may also be in some respects the most difficult and controversial
phase … The urban designer must first of all believe in ci es, their
importance, and their value to human progress and culture. We must be
urban-minded.”
(José Luis Sert, Progressive Architecture, August 1956)
“The right to the city is far more than the individual liberty to access
urban resources: it is a right to change ourselves by changing the city.
It is, moreover, a common rather than an individual right since this
transforma on inevitably depends upon the exercise of a collec ve power
to reshape the process of urbaniza on. The freedom to make and remake
our ci es and ourselves is, I want to argue, one of the most precious yet
most neglected of our human rights.”
(David Harvey, The Right to the City, New Le Review 53, 2008)
“Now, a er many years, a great deal of knowledge has been amassed on
the connec on between physical form and human behaviour. We have
extensive informa on about what can and should be done. At the same
me ci es and their residents have become very ac ve in crying out for
people-oriented city planning.”
(Jan Gehl, Ci es for People, 2011)
Course Descrip on: This course is an introduc on to contemporary
urban design in Europe and aims to establish a cri cal understanding of
the main theories and posi ons of urban design as they appear today
and have developed over the course of the past five decades. Urban
design, as it will be understood within the framework of this course, is
a discipline that seeks to integrate aspects from a variety of different
fields, such as planning, landscape architecture, architectural design,
sociology, geography, cultural studies and urban history.
A principal goal of the course is to e a connec on between theory
and prac ce, between thinking and doing. We will read and study texts
on urban design issues. We will visit urban design, architecture and
landscape architecture in Copenhagen and use these as case studies
throughout the semester. We will meet prac oners involved in urban
design and learn how they view the world. We will work on assignments
that try to bridge the gap between the world of thinking and the world of
making.
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2. DIS Architecture and Design Spring 2013
European Urban Design Theories
The course is structured in three sec ons. PRELIMINARIES deal with
a broad descrip on of the ambigui es of the field of urban design.
PRACTICES e a connec on between theore cal posi ons and
concrete prac ces taking the cue from primarily a Copenhagen se ng
but involving also reflec ons on the wider European scene. Finally
PERSPECTIVES tries to hypothesize what the future might bring in terms
of new prac ces and new posi ons in urban design in Europe.
Learning Objec ves
By the end of this course you should be able to
• orient yourself in the current landscape of urban design theory
• be familiar with the current main urban development trends
of ci es in Europe
• understand how urban design theory can be applied in a
prac cal urban se ng
• reflect on the role and task of urban design and the urban
designer through the applica on of cri cal thinking
Required Texts
Required texts: Reading material will be from the course reader (Larice &
MacDonald). Supplementary material will be uploaded as individual texts
on DIS Forum.
• Larice, Michael & Elizabeth Macdonald. The Urban Design Reader.
London: Routledge, 2007
Approach to Teaching
The class will meet twice a week and consists of lectures, student
presenta ons and class discussions. Theory needs to be read and
therefore this course relies heavy on reading. Assigned texts must be
read in advance of the class.
The type of reading you will be required to do in this class moves beyond
finding informa on or loca ng an authorʼs purpose or iden fying main
ideas (as useful as these skills might be). It will ask you to dig deep in
theore cal texts to ferret out meaning, systems of rela onships between
ideas, and examine your own response to these ideas and their impact on
the world around them.
In short, cri cal reading requires that you ques on intensely. For cri cal
reading, you cannot sit back and wait. These texts are not necessarily
easy nor are you expected to swallow the words without considera on.
True reading demands that you first ac vely listen to the author without
projec ng your own agenda. In this sense, you might imagine that you
are engaged in a conversa on with the author and once he/she has
completed what he/she wants to say to you, you are in a posi on to
speak back, to say something of your own, something meaningful and
thought-out. If you have no response, you are reading lazily and need to
instead, read cri cally: to formulate a response. Such response involves
analysis, synthesis, and crea vity.
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3. DIS Architecture and Design Spring 2013
European Urban Design Theories 3 Credits
Expecta ons of the Students
Students should be fully engaged in the lectures, par cipate ac vely in
any discussion and be open minded to your fellow students contribu on
to class. I hope to establish an environment where we can learn from
each other as well as from the texts and cases we engage with and I
expect you to ac vely support this approach. Readings must be done
before class and should be done with inquisi veness. The ability to frame
the appropriate ques ons and to apply cri cal thinking will be valued and
the class should form the se ng in which to ac vely exercise this ability.
In our discussions in class please aim to make references to our readings,
to support the points or ques ons you wish to raise.
Field Studies: Field studies form an integral part of the course to support
our understanding of how urban design theory is applied in a prac cal
urban se ng.
Evalua on & Grading
The final grade is determined as follows:
20% Ac ve individual par cipa on, in-class presenta ons and
provision of ques on points
20% The Platzgeist assignment (poster presenta on: 400 words of
cri cal wri ng + illustra ons)
30% Mid term exam (essay type)
30% Documenta on of field study learning points (essay type: 1500-
2500 words of cri cal wri ng (between 300 and 500 words per
field study) + illustra ons)
Assignments
The Platzgeist assignment is a ten-day long exercise consis ng of a)
finding an overlooked space in the city, b) analysing it based on a
framework supplied by the course instructor, c) mapping it through
photos, maps, sketches, etc., d) producing a poster in A2 format
presen ng your findings, and e) presen ng this poster in a joint class
session.
The mid-term exam is an essay type exam that takes place in class and is
based on ques ons about the readings.
The documenta on of field study learning points consists of an A4
document for each of the five field studies that are integral to the course.
The documenta on should state relevant urban design learning points
gained from the field study based on your notes. A learning point can be
a dilemma you describe, a solu on we saw, and/or a reflec on based on
the per nent reading vis-a-vis the field study visit. Images, wether photos
or sketches, that highlight the learning points, need to be included as
well.
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4. DIS Architecture and Design Spring 2013
European Urban Design Theories
Both in-class and field study a endance and ac ve par cipa on is
required. For all types of ac vity students on a regular basis will be
asked to prepare ques on points for classes. These should reflect on the
readings carried out and provide the class as a whole with a pla orm for
engaged and informed discussion.
Late papers will not be accepted. To be eligible for a passing grade in this
class you must complete all of the assigned work.
Disability and resource statement
Any student who has a need for accommoda on based on the impact of
a disability should contact Sean Green (sgr@dis.dk) to coordinate this. In
order to receive accommoda ons, students should inform the instructor
of approved DIS accommoda ons within the first two weeks of classes.
Policies
A endance
You are expected to a end all DIS classes when scheduled. If you miss
mul ple classes the Director of Teaching and Learning, and the Director
of Student Affairs will be no fied and they will follow-up with you to
make sure that all is well. Absences will jeopardize your grade and your
standing at DIS. Allowances will be made in cases of illness, but in the
case of mul ple absences you will need to provide a doctor’s note.
Academic Honesty
Plagiarism and Viola ng the Rules of an Assignment
DIS expects that students abide by the highest standards of intellectual
honesty in all academic work. DIS assumes that all students do their
own work and credit all work or thought taken from others. Academic
dishonesty will result in a final course grade of “F” and can result in
dismissal. The students’ home universi es will be no fied. DIS reserves
the right to request that wri en student assignments be turned in
electronic form for submission to plagiarism detec on so ware. See the
Academic Handbook for more informa on, or ask your instructor if you
have ques ons.
Electronic devices in the classroom
Feel free to use your laptop for relevant note taking. The use of cell
phones must take place outside of class hours.
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5. DIS Architecture and Design Spring 2013
European Urban Design Theories
Day Date Session Time Topic
PRELIMINARIES
Fr Jan 18 1 08:30 - 09:50 Conflicts of the City
The ‘urban’ in urban design is not an undisputed term. The city and
the right to the city have been debated and con nue to be so in the
hothouse that is the city. The loss of public space to private property
owners and the influence of fear on the structuring of the city are some
of the issues being played out. Conflict as an important influence on
the development of the city is explored.
Required reading:
• Manuel Castells: The Process of Urban Social Change, in Designing
Ci es - Cri cal Readings in Urban Design, ed. Alexander R. Cuthbert,
Oxford, 2003, pp. 23-27
• Zygmunt Bauman: City of fears, city of hopes, Goldsmiths College,
London, 2003 pp. 1-39 - first published in Future Ci es - The Copenhagen
Lectures, edited by Henning Thomsen, Copenhagen 2002
Supplementary material:
• Anna Minton: The Priva za on of Public Space, RICS, London 2006,
pp. 2-23
Tu Jan 22 2 08:30 - 09:50 Concepts of the City
At the heart of urban design lies the city, an unequivocal concept if ever
there was one. Our understanding of the urban design issues we are
engaged in today, to a large degree are flavored by our understanding of
the city as a concept. What is ‘the city’ and how has our understanding of
the city developed?
Required reading:
• Georg Simmel: The Metropolis and Mental Life, 1903, pp. 1-9
• Jack London: excerpt from People of the Abyss, New York 1903
• Louis Wirth: Urbanism as a way of life, The American Journal of
Sociology, 1938, pp. 1-25
• Sharon Zukin: Consuming authen city - From outposts of difference to
means of exclusion, Cultural Studies, 2008, pp. 1-26
• Leonie Sandercock: When strangers become neighbors - Managing
ci es of difference, Planning Theory & Prac ce, 2000, pp. 1-19
Supplementary material:
• Lewis Mumford: What is a city? Architectural Record, 1937, pp. 1-3
Fr Jan 25 3 08:30 - 09:50 Cultures of the City
The city is not just an agglomera on of urban forms. First and foremost
it is a mee ng ground where both commodi es and ideas are exchanged.
Through film and literature we will try to understand various concep ons
of ‘the city’
Required reading:
• Georges Perec: An a empt at exhaus ng a place in Paris, excerpts,
published in French 1975; in English 2010
• J.G. Ballard: Concrete Island, 1974 & High Rise, 1975, excerpts
Supplementary material:
• Anthony Minghella: Breaking & Entering (film), 2006, excerpts
• Mike Leigh: Naked (film), 1993, excerpts
Tu Jan 29 4 08:30 - 09:50 Ambigui es of Urban Design
Architecture and planning go back centuries. Urban design on the other
hand started out less than half a century ago as a form of correc ve
surgery to the mishaps of modernisms approach to city building. What do
we actually mean by ‘urban design’?
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6. DIS Architecture and Design Spring 2013
European Urban Design Theories
Day Date Session Time Topic
Tu Jan 29 4 08:30 - 09:50 Required reading:
• Ali Madanipour: Ambigui es of urban design (1997), in Carmona &
Tiesdell: Urban Design Reader, Oxford 2007, pp. 12-23
Supplementary material:
• Alex Krieger: Where and How Does Urban Design Happen?, in Alex
Krieger & William Saunders: Urban Design, University of Minnesota Press
2003, pp. 113-130
Fr Feb 01 5 08:30 - 09:50 Urbanized
We will discuss Urbanized, a feature-length documentary about
the design of ci es, which looks at the issues and strategies behind urban
design and features some of the world’s foremost architects, planners,
policymakers, builders, and thinkers. Urbanized is the third part of Gary
Hustwit’s design film trilogy, joining Helve ca and Objec fied.
Required viewing:
• Urbanized by Gary Hustwi – separate viewing will be organized prior
to class
Feb 04 - 09 Core Course Week
Tu Feb 12 6 08:30 - 09:50 PRACTICES - PART ONE
The Prac ces sec ons (part one to three) aim to e a connec on
between theore cal posi ons and concrete prac ces taking the cue from
primarily a Copenhagen se ng but involving also reflec ons on the
wider European scene.
Urban Design … deals with Placemaking
Placemaking is arguably one of the main preoccupa ons of urban design
and has been so ever since the field emerged in the mid-1950s. Ini ally
a reac on against what was seen as modernisms failed a empt to create
livable ci es, urban design has kept raising its flag for humanis c values
in urban development. Danish architect Jan Gehl is among the most
influen al researchers and theorists in this field.
Required reading:
• Jan Gehl: Ch. 1 The Human Dimension, in Ci es for People,
Copenhagen 2011, pp. 3-29
• Jan Gehl: Ch. 2 Senses and Scale, in Ci es for People, Copenhagen
2011, pp. 31-59
Supplementary material:
• Lars Gemzøe: Quality for People – A set of criteria for the design of
pedestrian places and networks, with people in mind, paper presented at
Walk21, Melbourne, 2006
• h p://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_
embedded&v=XKnqwpYsC0w#! - Interview with Jan Gehl
We Feb 13 7 08:30 - 12:00 Field Study #1 - Sluseholmen, Sydhavnen
Tu Feb 19 8 08:30 - 09:50 Urban Design … deals with Cultural Heritage
The industrial landscapes of many European ci es have undergone
drama c changes over the last 50 years. What were once areas of
noise, pollu on and hard work have, due to the structural changes in
economies, become first redundant brownfields and then later a rac ve
areas for new urban development. Today we view for example former
harbor areas as part of our cultural heritage and as valuable land assets
and the transforma on of urban industrial brownfields has become a
very important challenge for urban design.
Required reading:
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7. DIS Architecture and Design Spring 2013
European Urban Design Theories
Day Date Session Time Topic
•Karl O o Ellefsen: Preserva on and/or Authen city, in European Ci es
in a Global Era, Ministry of the Environment, Copenhagen 2002, pp. 58-
65
• Jens Kvorning: Copenhagen Restructured, in Urban Reports – Urban
strategies and visions in mid-sized ci es in a local and global context,
Zürich 2011, pp. 175-196
Supplementary material:
• Peter Madsen: Iden ty and Urbanity – The Heterogeneous Democra c
City, in European Ci es in a Global Era, Ministry of the Environment,
Copenhagen 2002, pp. 44-49
• h p://bygningskultur2015.dk/
Fr Feb 22 9 08:30 - 09:50 Field Study #2 - Islands Brygge/Havnestaden/Havneholmen
Tu Feb 26 10 08:30 - 09:50 Urban Design … deals with Mobility
The massive rise in private car ownership in the Western world from
the 1950’s and onwards according to many researchers and theorists is
to blame for the nega ve way in which most of our ci es evolved. With
rising gasoline prizes, peak oil and pollu on as just a few of the
challenges, many ci es are now looking for more sustainable ways of
(mass) transporta on. Copenhagen is at the forefront of the cycling
revolu on and urban design plays an integral part in the endeavor to
achieve be er mobility solu ons.
Required reading:
• Good, be er, best - The City of Copenhagen’s Bicycle Strategy 2011-
2025
• Cecilia Vanman: Danish Bicycle Culture Goes Interna onal, in
Copenhagen City of Bicycles, Copenhagen 2010, pp. 51-72
• Euan Ferguson: I have seen the future … and it bikes, in The Guardian/
The Observer July 26 2009
Supplementary material:
• Copenhagen Bicycle Account 2010, Copenhagen Municipality
Fri Mar 01 11 08:30 - 09:50 Mid Term Exam
Mar 02 - 10 Travel Week
Tu Mar 12 12 08:30 - 09:50 PLATZGEIST - introduc on to assignment
Required reading:
• Marc Auge: excerpt from Non-places - Introduc on to an
Anthropology of Supermodernity, in French 1992, in English 1995
• Graham Coreil-Allen: The typology of new public sites - A field guide to
invisible public space, Maryland 2010
Fri Mar 15 13 08:30 - 09:50 Jan Gehl in the movies - film screening
Required reading:
• Peter Newmann and Anne Matan: Reigni ng Urban Design - The
Theory and Prac ce of Jan Gehl, unpublished ar cle, April 2012, Cur n
University, Australia
Tu Mar 19 14 08:30 - 09:50 Jan Gehl in the movies - discussion
Fr Mar 22 15 08:30 - 09:50 PLATZGEIST - presenta on of assignment
Mar 23 - 31 Travel Week
Tu Apr 02 16 08:30 - 09:50 PRACTICES - PART TWO
The Prac ces sec ons (part two to three) aim to e a connec on
between theore cal posi ons and concrete prac ces taking the cue from
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8. DIS Architecture and Design Spring 2013
European Urban Design Theories
Day Date Session Time Topic
primarily a Copenhagen se ng but involving also reflec ons on the
wider European scene.
Tu Apr 02 16 08:30 - 09:50 Urban Design … deals with the Generic
In 1975 Rem Koolhaas, together with Elia and Zoe Zenghelis and
Madelon Vriesendorp, founded the Office for Metropolitan Architecture,
that soon became became one of the most influen al architectural
prac ces in the world. Its famous hothouse atmosphere has cul vated
the talents of hundreds of gi ed architects – among them several
Danish .architects, spearheaded by infamous wonder boy Bjarke Ingels
and BIG. What is the ‘new wave’ in Danish architecture all about when it
comes to urban design?
Required reading:
• Rem Koolhaas: The Generic City, in The Urban Design Reader, ed.
Michael Larice and Elizabeth Macdonald, Routledge, London 2007, pp.
216-226
• Kristoffer Lindhardt Weiss: The Pragma c Turn in Danish Architecture
of the 00’s, in Arkitekten 01-2012, pp. 4-7
• Boris Brorman Jensen: The Prelude to the Breakthrough, in The New
Wave in Danish Architecture, Arkitektens Forlag, 2012, pp. 127-133
• Tom Nielsen & Kristoffer Lindhardt Weiss: Welfare Urbanism, in The
New Wave in Danish Architecture, Arkitektens Forlag, 2012, pp. 276-275
Supplementary material:
• Rem Koolhaas: A kind of architect (film) - h p://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=pLfcWKrvMZg
• Paul Makovsky: Baby Rems, in Metropolis 01/2011,
www.metropolismag.com
Fri Apr 05 17 08:30 - 09:50 Field Study #3 – Superkilen, Nørrebro
Tu Apr 09 18 08:30 - 09:50 Urban Design … deals with Landscape(s) - Guest lecturer: Flemming
Refn Thomsen, Tredje Natur
Landscape Urbanism is a theory of planning and design for urbanism
arguing that landscape, rather than architecture, is more capable of
organizing the city and enhancing the urban experience. Landscape
Urbanism has emerged as a theory in the late 1990’s. “The origins of
Landscape Urbanism can be traced to postmodern cri ques of
modernist architecture and planning,” says Charles Waldheim, who
coined the term in 1997.
Required reading:
• SLA/S g Lennart Andersson: Process Urbanism, from www.
processurbanism.com, 2010
• Charles Waldheim: Landscape as Urbanism, in The Landscape
Urbanism Reader, New York 2006, pp. 35-53
Supplementary material:
• Interview with Charles Waldheim, www.LandscapeUrbanism.com,
Winter 2011
Fr Apr 12 19 08:30 - 09:50 Field Study #4 – SEB/Rigsarkivet/Under Krystallen
April 13 - 21 Travel Week
Tu Apr 23 20 08:30 - 09:50 PRACTICES - PART THREE
The Prac ces sec ons (part three to three) aim to e a connec on
between theore cal posi ons and concrete prac ces taking the cue from
primarily a Copenhagen se ng but involving also reflec ons on the
wider European scene
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9. DIS Architecture and Design Spring 2013
European Urban Design Theories
Day Date Session Time Topic
Tu Apr 23 20 08:30 - 09:50 Urban Design … deals with Temporary Measures - Guest lecturer:
Jesper Kofoed-Melson, Givrum.nu
Temporary Urbanism is an emerging field in urban design and urban
development. Growing out of the squa er movements of the 1970’s and
1980’s, the term today has been both acknowledged and appropriated by
the main stream and by public ins tu ons and private developers as a
valued tool in urban development. What is this new way of urban design
all about?
Required reading:
• Henning Thomsen: When people take charge, Urban Design 122,
Spring 2012, pp. 16-18
• Tina Saaby: Urban life for everyone – temporary measures as a
planning method, Urban Design 122, Spring 2012, pp. 19-21
• Peter Arlt: Urban Planning and Interim Uses, in Temporary Urban
Spaces, Birkhäuser, Basel 2003, pp. 39-46
Supplementary material:
• Irena Bauman: Introduc on to Temporary Urbanism, Urban Design
122, Spring 2012, pp. 14-15
• Florian Kossak: Temporary urbanism – its relevance and impact on
teaching urban design, Urban Design 122, Spring 2012, pp. 32-33
Tu Apr 30 21 Urban Design … deals with Equity
The city belongs to everyone – or at least that is how we hope it is. But
ever since the first ci es emerged, the city has also been a
ba lefield between the haves and the have-nots, between
business interests, poli cal interests and community interests. Any
transforma on of the city involves changing the structure of its residents
and its users – gentrifica on is but one of the many words associated
with urban development. What is the role of urban design in this?
Required Reading:
• David Harvey: Social Jus ce, Postmodernism and the City (1992), in
Designing Ci es – Cri cal Readings in Urban Design, ed. Alexander R.
Cuthbert, Oxford 2003, pp. 101-115
• David Harvey: The Right to the City, in Rebel Ci es, Verso Books,
London, 2012, pp. 3-27
Supplementary material:
• Jamie Peck: Struggling with the Crea ve Class, in Interna onal Journal
of Urban and Regional Research, December 2005, pp. 740-770
• Michael Booth: Copenhagen’s New Cool Neighborhood, The Guardian
10 Oct 2009
• h p://rebelacademy.org/tv/view/Laerke_Hein_The_Crea on_of _
Karriere
Fr May 03 22 08:30 - 09:50 Field Study #5 - Vesterbro/Halmtorvet/Meatpacking District & My Very
Own Back Yard
Tu May 07 23 08:30 - 09:50 PERSPECTIVES
The Perspec ves sec on tries to hypothesize what the future might
bring in terms of new prac ces and new posi ons in urban design in
Europe.
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10. DIS Architecture and Design Spring 2013
European Urban Design Theories
Day Date Session Time Topic
Tu May 07 23 08:30 - 09:50 Ambigui es of Urban Design Revisited
Urban design started out with an ambi on to correct the wrongs that
modernism had cast on the city in the first half of the 20th century.
Peoples everyday lives and the longing for community were at the
forefront of the humanis c ambi ons expressed by the founding
mothers and fathers of urban design. And yet, many of them seemingly
were entangled in the same view of the architect as the omnipotent
creator of civiliza ons as the very people they were cri cizing. Fi y years
later, what are the ambi ons and what are the possible futures for
urban design at the beginning of the 21st century? Three arenas of
possible future urban design interven ons will be presented along with
the seminal ques on: What is an urban designer in today’s society?
Required reading:
• (The Small Arena - Public Space Acupuncture): Helena Casanova and
Jesus Hernandez: The Regenera on of Public Life, in Scape, The
interna onal magazine for landscape architecture and urbanism, 01-
2011, pp. 18-25
• (The Medium Arena - The Poli cs of Par cipa on and Programming):
Ma hew Carmona et.alii: The Communica on Process, in The Urban
Design Reader, ed. Michael Larice and Elizabeth Macdonald,
Routledge, London 2007, pp. 479-489
• (The Large Arena - Landscapes of Sustainable Transforma on):
Mohsen Mostafavi: Why Ecological Urbanism? Why Now? in Ecological
Urbanism, Baden 2010, pp. 12-51
Fr May 10 Deadline for hand-in of Documenta on of field study learning points.
Send by email to byensojne@gmail.com no later than Friday 10 May
23:59.
Schedule subject to change with as much no ce as possible.
All future edits to the syllabus will be made on Blackboard only.
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