1. Problems analysis: DPSIR
River Basin Management &
IP Field Study Days
2013-14

2. State of the Environment
report

3. DPSI(R)
CAUSE EFFECTCAUSE
BEHIND
THE
CAUSE
EFFECT
OF THE
EFFECT

4. DPSI(R)
PRESSURE STATEDRIVER IMPACT

5. Generic DPSIR framework for
water
Source: P. Kristensen, the DPSIR framework, paper presented at the Workshop on …. River Basin
Approach, UNEP, Nairobi, 2004

6. DPSIR: Driver
Basic sectoral trends
1. Identify the sector?
E.g. agriculture
2. Which driver?
E.g. the economy
e.g. demography
e.g. governance

7. DPSIR: Pressure
Factors directly
affecting the
environment
• E.g the increase in
the amount of
nutrients
• E.g. groundwater
extraction
• etc

8. DPSIR: State
The state of the
Environment,
observable changes
• E.g. eutrophication.
This implies a
change in the
habitats of species

9. DPSIR: Impact
Effects of the changed
environment
• E.g health problems
• E.g. poverty
• E.g. decrease of
economic activities
• E.g. decrease of
biodiversity

10. Aral Sea

11. Aral Sea

12. Aral Sea

13. Drivers and Pressure
Drivers
Improving the economy by
cultivation of cotton and
rice
Pressure
• Decreased discharges
of the rivers Amy Darya
and Syr Darya
– Overextraction of
water
– Inefficient irrigation
practices
• Pollution with fertilizers
and pesticides

14. State and Impact
State
• Dried-up lake
• Salinization
• Polluted water
Impact
• Disappearance of
fisheries
• Poverty
• Health Problems

15. ImpactStatePressureDriver
improving
economy
by
cultivation of
cotton & rice
decreased
discharge
due to
over-extraction
and inefficient
irrigation practise
sallinization
dried-up
pollution
by pesticides and
fertilizers
polluted
health problems
disappearance
fisheries
poverty

16. Conflicts
River Basin Management & IP Field Study Days
2013 - 2014

17. From: Nandalal, K.D.W. and Simonovic, S.P. , State of the art Report on Systems Analysis Methods for Resoluition of
Conflicts in Water Resources Management, UNESCO Techn. Rp. In Hydrology, PC CP series no. 4, 2003

18. Worldwide perspective
Over the last 100 years
• Population tripled
• Water use increased sixfold
 Water scarcity increased

19. Conflicts
• Lack of accessible water (quality and quantity)
– Poor water allocation; conflicts over water
allocation
– Wasteful use
– Lack of management action
• (Transboundary) pollution
• Disputes in the management of international
river basins (261 international river basins)

20. Conflicts
• Process
– Decision-making
– Management
• Primary causes
– E.g objections to restoration and/or management
– E.g. unawareness of impact of activities
– E.g. lack of adequate compensation
– Impact of plans or projects ( in the case of Natura 2000)
From: Dealing with Conflicts in the Implementation and Management of the
Natura 2000 Network (a review of 24 best practice case studies) ,
2009/2010

21. Conflicts between countries:
water extraction from Euphrates and
Tigris
Source: Water en Conflicten: tekort aan water bedreigt de vrede, Protos 005

22. Conflicts between countries:
Water for energy
Source: Water en Conflicten: tekort aan water bedreigt de vrede, Protos 005

23. Conflicts between countries:
Water rights in the Paso del Norte
Adapted from: Water en Conflicten: tekort aan water bedreigt de vrede, Protos 005

24. Internal conflicts:
Privatization and water pricing
Source: Water en Conflicten: tekort aan water bedreigt de vrede, Protos 005

25. Internal conflicts:
Water allocation and the Colorado
river
Adapted from: Water en Conflicten: tekort aan water bedreigt de vrede, Protos 005

26. Fresh water availability

27. Withdrawal per sector

28. Avoiding Conflicts
Stakeholders and their interaction
are the key to understanding how
conflicts arise and how conflicts
can be resolved and avoided