Bachelor Practical Course Semantic Web Part 1

Technische Universität München
Bachelor Practical Course Semantic Web
Summer Term 2014
Part 1 - 9.4.2014
Claudius Hauptmann

Bachelor Practical Course Semantic Web - Part 1 2
Agenda
1. Organisational Issues
2. Linked Data
3. Continuous Delivery
4. Build Automation
5. Distributed Version Control
6. Task 1

Bachelor Practical Course - Module Description
• Intended Learning Outcomes: “Participants are able to design and
implement small software systems in a team. They know how to
apply engineering methods and models and can judge the risks and
typical problems encountered in software projects.”
• Content: “Participants exercise systematic software engineering for a
small system in small teams with a precise task description with tight
time constraints (design, implementation, test). Intermediate results
of the team work have to be presented. Design, project plans and
implementation have to be documented.”
• Work load: 300 total hours (90 contact hours, 21o self-study hours)

Organisational Issues
• 10 tasks (and 11 appointments)
• The tasks have to be solved in small teams
• Deadlines for the tasks are on the next tuesday evening
• Every solution counts 10% of the practical course
• The teams will present their solutions at the next appointment
• Every team member has to contribute to the solution
• Each task contains optional parts

Linked Data

Motivation
• Publish datasets over the web
• Query datasets effectively by applications
• Graph-based data model
• Extension, integration, inference and uniform querying

Queries
• “Retrieve a performance of the Beethoven violin concerto by a
Chinese orchestra”
• “Retrieve a photo of the conductor of this performance”
• “List male British rock musicians married to Scandinavians”

Background standards
• HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
• eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
• Resource Description Framework (RDF)
• RDF Schema (RDFS)
• Web Ontology Language (OWL)
• SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL)

Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
• A compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or
physical resource
• Data from different data sources has to be linked to indicate
synonyms
http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/en.ludwig_van_beethoven!
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ludwig_van_Beethoven!
http://musicbrainz.org/artist/1f9df192-
a621-4f54-8850-2c5373b7eac9#_!
http://data.nytimes.com/N30866506154608358173

Resource Description Framework (RDF)
• Statements are represented as triples of the form subject-predicate-
object
<http://musicbrainz.org/artist/b10bbbfc-cf9e-42e0-be17-
e2c3e1d2600d>!
<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type>!
<http://musicontology.com/specification/#term-MusicGroup>.

RDF Schema (RDFS)
• Extension of RDF
• Allows resources to be classified explicitly as classes or properties
• Further statements like class-subclass or property-subproperty
relationships, and domain and range of a property
<mo:member> <rdf:type> <rdfs:Property>. 
<mo:member> <rdfs:domain> <mo:MusicGroup>.

SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language
• Language for formulating queries over RDF data
• It is the Semantic Web's counterpart to SQL
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> 
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> 
PREFIX dbpedia: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/> 
PREFIX music-ont: <http://purl.org/ontology/mo/> 
 
SELECT ?album_name ?track_title WHERE { 
dbpedia:The_Beatles foaf:made ?album . 
?album dc:title ?album_name . 
?album music-ont:track ?track . 
?track dc:title ?track_title 
}

Principles of Linked Data
• Use URIs to identify things.
• Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names.
• When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using
the standards (RDF, RDFS, SPARQL).
• Include links to other URIs, so that they can discover more things.

Rating published datasets
1-star: The data is available on the web with an open license.
2-star: The data is structured and machine-readable.
3-star: The data does not use a proprietary format.
4-star: The data uses only open standards from W3C (RDF, SPARQL).
5-star: The data is linked to that of other data providers.

Sites using Linked Data
• http://data.nytimes.com/schools/schools.html
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/music
• http://linkedgeodata.org/
• http://www.data.gov/
• http://data.gov.uk/

References
• EUCLID Project: 
http://www.euclid-project.eu/modules/chapter1

Continuous Delivery

Continuous Delivery - Motivation
• Goal: Deliver software as quickly as possible
• A lot of software development methodologies focus on requirement
engineering and impact on development effort
• Bottleneck: build, deploy, test and release process

Continuous Delivery - Release Antipatterns
• Deploying Software Manually
• Deploying to a Production-like only after Development is Complete
• Manual Configuration Management of Production Environments

Continuous Delivery - How to Achieve?
• Automated build, test, deploy and release process (repeatability)
• Frequent releases
• Every change should trigger the feedback process
• The feedback must be received as soon as possible

Continuous Delivery - Benefits
• Empowering Teams
• Reducing Errors
• Lowering Stress
• Deployment Flexibility
• Practice Makes Perfect

Continuous Delivery - Principles
• Create a Repeatable, Reliable Process for Releasing Software
• Automate Almost Everything
• Keep Everything in Version Control
• If It Hurts, Do It More Frequently, and Bring the Pain Forward
• Build Quality In
• Done Means Released
• Everybody is Responsible for the Delivery Process
• Continuous Improvement

Configuration Management - Definition
Configuration Management refers to the process by which all artefacts
relevant to your project, and the relationships between them, are stored,
retrieved and uniquely identified, and modified.

Configuration Management - Key Questions
• Can I exactly reproduce any of my environments and their
configuration?
• Can I easily make an incremental change and deploy to any, and all,
of my environments?
• Can I easily see each change that occurred to an environment and
trace it back to see exactly what the change was and who made it?
• Can I satisfy all of the compliance regulations that I am subject to?
• Does every member of the team easily get the information needed?

Configuration Management - Principles
• Use Version Control
• Manage Dependencies
• Manage Components
• Manage Software Configuration
• Manage Environments

Continuous Integration - Motivation
• The application should always be in a working state
• Not: “Yes, the application is finished, we only have to build it and run
some tests…”

Continuous Integration - Prerequisites
• A Version Control System
• An Automated Build
• Agreement of the Team
• Check in Regularly (to Trunk/Master)
• Create a Comprehensive Automated Test Suite
• Keep the Build and Test Process Short
• Manage Your Development Workspace
• A Continuous Integration Software (“Build Server”)

Continuous Integration - Essential Practices
• Don’t Check in on a Broken Build
• Always Run all Commit Tests locally before Checking Committing
• Wait for Commit Tests to Pass before Moving On
• Never Go Home on a Broken Build
• Always be Prepared to Revert to a Previous Revision
• Time-Box Fixing before Reverting
• Don’t Comment Out Failing Tests
• Take Responsibility for all Breakages That Result from Your Changes
• Test-Driven Development

References

Build Automation
Maven 3

Build Lifecycle - Phases
• validate
• compile
• test
• package
• integration-test
• verify
• install
• deploy

Plugins
• Plugins / Plugin Goals represent specific tasks
• Plugin Goals are bound to build phases
• Examples:
• compiler plugin
• jar plugin
• surefire plugin
• deploy plugin

Default Bindings - Packaging (jar)
• process-resources resources:resources
• compile compiler:compile
• process-test-resources resources:testResources
• test-compile compiler:testCompile
• test surefire:test
• package jar:jar
• install install:install
• deploy deploy:deploy

Project Object Model (POM / pom.xml)
• dependencies
• plugins / goals
• build profiles
• project version
• description
• developers
• …

Build Profiles
• Multiple Configurations / Environments
• Developer
• Team Build
• Production
• Build Profile Types
• Per Project
• Per User
• Global (per Maven Installation)

Standard Directory Layout

Dependency Mechanism
• Dependencies defined in POM are included automatically
• Transitive dependencies are included automatically
• Dependency Scopes
• compile
• provided
• runtime
• test
• system
• import

References
• Maven Documentation 
http://maven.apache.org/guides/

Distributed Version Control
Git

Git - Design Issues
• Speed
• Simple design
• Strong support for non-linear development
• Fully distributed
• Able to handle large projects like the Linux kernel efficiently

Git - Snapshots, Not Differences

Git - Recording Changes to the Repository

Git - Basic Data Model

Git - Commits

Git - Branches

Git - Head

Git - Merging

Git - Remotes

Git - Workflow - Centralized

Git - Workflow - Integration-Manager

References
• Git Documentation 
http://git-scm.com/book

Task 1

Software Development Environment
• Git Source Code Repositories (Atlassian Stash): 
https://devschlichter.cs.tum.edu/source/
• Build Server (Atlassian Bamboo): 
https://devschlichter.cs.tum.edu/ci/
• Maven Repository Manager (Sonatype Nexus): 
https://devschlichter.cs.tum.edu/repo/

Technical Documentation
• Build Automation / Maven
• http://maven.apache.org/guides/
• Distributed Version Control / Git
• http://git-scm.com/book/
• http://help.eclipse.org/kepler/ (EGit Documentation)
• http://confluence.atlassian.com/display/STASH/
• Continuous Delivery / Bamboo
• http://confluence.atlassian.com/display/BAMBOO/

Important
• Build + test your project before creating commits!
• Create useful commit messages for each commit!
• Create a commit for each useful step!
• Push your commits to the server!
• Pull other’s commits from server!
• Create comments for your code and your tests!
• Format your code (the lines you changed)!
• Do not commit Eclipse configuration files or generated files!
• No Warnings / Errors / Code in Comments / …

Tasks
• Create a Maven 3 project
• Create a Git repository und push it to the server
• Configure your maven deployment settings + maven repository
• Enable your build plan
• Add jena and junit as maven dependencies
• http://jena.apache.org
• https://github.com/junit-team/junit/wiki/Download-and-Install
• Add unit test class[es] with test methods for the examples in 
http://www.euclid-project.eu/modules/chapter2

Test Data
• The Beatles made the album “Help".
• The Beatles made the album "Abbey Road”.
• The Beatles made the album "Let it be”.
• The Beatles includes band-member Paul McCartney.
• Wings made the album "Band on the run”.
• Wings made the album "London Town”.
• Wings includes band-member Paul McCartney.
• The Rolling Stones made the album "Hot Rocks"

Thank you! Questions?

Bachelor Practical Course Semantic Web Part 1

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