Community Clouds - Shared Infrastructure as a Service
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Community Clouds - Shared Infrastructure as a Service
- 1. Community Clouds Shared Infrastructure as as Service Harold Teunissen et al. – SURFnet Cloud Seminar – 16 June 2011
- 2. Cloud Computing? • Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction* • Cloud Computing ≠ Web 2.0 * Source: NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 2
- 3. Changing Behaviors Hierarchical Self Organizing Secrecy Transparency Loose Alliance Collaboration Sluggish Urgency Novelty Innovation Tunnel Vision Didactic Source: Sir Ken Robison Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 3
- 4. Motive • Cloud cloud cloud — data explosion • Mobile mobile mobile — device explosion • Go go go — study + work + play + collaborate + organize + et cetera • “Run you life on the cloud” Source: AMD Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 4
- 5. Solution for everything... Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 5
- 6. Evolution towards the Clouds Applications run Applications run Applications run Toepassingen on-premises in the IaaS Cloud in the cloud draaien in de cloud You own the You pay someone You pay for hardware and to run your computing perform applications on capacity that can maintenance and hardware to your be used for your operation of the specification applications data center Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 6
- 7. Advantages are clear? On-Premises IaaS Cloud In The Cloud Applications Applications Applications Runtimes Runtimes Runtimes SOA / Integration SOA / Integration SOA / Integration Doing Self Databases Databases Databases Sourced Server SW Server SW Server SW Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization Server HW Server HW Server HW Storage Storage Storage Networking Networking Networking Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 7
- 8. Cloud Pyramid Application SaaS End Users Platform PaaS App lication Dev elopers Infrastructure IaaS App lication A rchitects Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 8
- 9. Services Application SaaS End Users Platform PaaS App lication Dev elopers Infrastructure IaaS System A rchitects Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 9
- 10. pplication SaaS Focus for Today: Infrastructure Platform PaaS Infrastructure IaaS Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 10
- 11. Basis of IaaS is Virtualization • Increases efficiency (cost, consolidation, abstraction, administration) • Despite the shared hardware / point of failure Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 11
- 12. Availability • (near) Real-time transfer at failure of physical hardware, or when planned, migration without downtime of running virtual machine and its storage Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 12
- 13. Business Continuity • Disaster at University of Twente in 2002 increased focus for on-site redundancy • However for continuity and disaster recovery virtualization is a better solution Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 13
- 14. Cost of Storage Source: Sir Ken Robison Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 14
- 15. Drivers Cont’d • Cost reduction - Budget cuts - Rising power costs • Service improvement - Better service provisioning - Best-of-breed services - Increased agility in software deployment • ‘Green Computing’ trend - Reduce energy consumption - Data centers can use >10% of power for an entire campus - IT produces 2% of global carbon dioxide emissions Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 15
- 16. Cloud Models Community Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht
- 17. IaaS Cloud Models (2) • Private cloud - enterprise owned or leased • Public cloud - sold to the public, mega-scale infrastructure • Hybrid cloud - composition of two or more clouds models • Community cloud - shared infrastructure for specific community Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 17
- 18. Level of Adaptation • Very gradual migration towards public cloud - First start with a private cloud • Hybrid operation for years to come (5-10 years) • Local data center is becoming a private cloud, driven by widespread usage of virtualization • More and more resources in own data center ready for migration to the cloud • Migration at different levels: currently mostly at IaaS, moving to PaaS and SaaS later on mostly for generic services (e.g. email, etc.) Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 18
- 19. Community Cloud • Functional features mostly in line with public cloud - Virtualization / image & instance management - Storage / object & block level - Self-service through management console • Added value of community dimension - Control — Legal and Innovation - Saves money - Sufficient flexibility to meet the community’s needs - Standardization to prevent lock-in - Network integration Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 19
- 20. Full Control • Full control over data location • Mechanisms to enforce storage within a single legal jurisdiction - Only a single (Dutch) legislation is applicable - Reduces the complexity and costs of compliance to a very significant degree - EU Data Protection Directive specifies that national laws will generally apply when personal data processing is carried out • Community controls at which points to innovate - Stronger negotiation position - Easier to swap suppliers Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 20
- 21. Network integration • Close integration with SURFnet backbone • Close integration with own network • Dedicated lightpaths possible • Low latency • No costs for data communication (depends on billing model) Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 21
- 22. Saves money • Combined network and Community Cloud subscription offers benefits (e.g. reduced costs for bandwidth) • Central support for operation and maintenance • Shared purchasing of IaaS • Reduced power consumption (at least locally) Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 22
- 23. Community Cloud Models Federated Brokered Institution A Institution B Institution C Institution A Institution B IaaS IaaS IaaS Broker Institution C IaaS IaaS IaaS Provider X Provider Y Sharing of own institutional Sharing of third party resources via resources broker Broker procures third party resources Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 23
- 24. Federated model • Sharing of over capacity • Not supported by current products • Difficult to tackle liability issues - What is the legal impact of a service outage? • Billing - Who pays for support/maintenance and operational costs? = Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 24
- 25. Brokered model • Takes care of trust establishment and contract settlement - just one party to trust and one contract to sign • Broker can handle disputes in the cloud • More transparent in terms of - Operation and Accountability - Awareness raising - Guidance on expectations regarding the use of the Community Cloud - Levels of security - Meeting legal obligations (compliance) • No need to tender Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 25
- 26. Brokered model (2) • Continuity - Commercial providers may go out of business • Institutions do not need to test themselves whether a cloud provider is effectively mitigating risks - Broker can do that for the community • Broker can provide value-adding services - Federated identity management, lightpaths, resource federation • Supported by various vendors and products Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 26
- 27. Self Service is Essential • Virtualized environment, component “shopping” • Self-service! Public: pay-as-you-go • Support for Private, Hybrid, Public Hardware vendors • Quickly up and running: - Website down? Data available? Recipe! - Extra load (e.g. spam filtering)? - Datacenter loss? - Elasticity also in a private cloud. • Optional security: VPC, VPN, VLANs Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 27
- 28. Demo Self Service Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 28
- 29. Done deal? • Licensing? • Security and privacy? • Standardization? - Data and customer application portability - Common interfaces, semantics, programming models - Federated security services - Provisioning • Accounting & billing: pay for what you use • Overall SLA of a multi-cloud environment offering may be hard to predict • Migration not straight forward Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 29
- 30. Current Activities SURFnet • SURFnet is using external private cloud (SURFcloud) to run their services, but on self-owned hardware - Load balancing experiments with Amazon EC2 • Experimental setup of community cloud - For the moment in-house at SURFnet • Expected participants - University of Groningen - To make website redundant - Open University - For their OTAP environment Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 30
- 31. We need you! • You as a community determine if we go ahead with this (and this is a good time to provide feedback)… • What features or conditions are most important? • What does it take to persuade you to use the Community Cloud, if it were build? • What do you see as potential obstacles in the adaptation of a Community Cloud? • Are you interested in participating in the pilot? Community Clouds - Cloud Seminar - 16 June 2011,- Utrecht 31
- 32. harold.teunissen@surfnet.nl haroldteunissen
Notas do Editor
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- Probably not necessary to give a more general introduction into cloud computing (general benefits).\n\nDraw up a few trends for cloud computing; should match with the interests of audience.\n\nCopy-paste cloud computing hype cycle?\n\nImage taken from: http://www.saasblogs.com/2008/12/01/demystifying-the-cloud-where-do-saas-paas-and-other-acronyms-fit-in/\n\nTrends:\n Numerous cloud initiatives in government, health and research / hot topic in Brussels witnessing recent calls\n Grid community moving to cloud\n \n\n[AP: label ‘network architects’ seems a bit odd]\n
- Probably not necessary to give a more general introduction into cloud computing (general benefits).\n\nDraw up a few trends for cloud computing; should match with the interests of audience.\n\nCopy-paste cloud computing hype cycle?\n\nImage taken from: http://www.saasblogs.com/2008/12/01/demystifying-the-cloud-where-do-saas-paas-and-other-acronyms-fit-in/\n\nTrends:\n Numerous cloud initiatives in government, health and research / hot topic in Brussels witnessing recent calls\n Grid community moving to cloud\n \n\n[AP: label ‘network architects’ seems a bit odd]\n
- Probably not necessary to give a more general introduction into cloud computing (general benefits).\n\nDraw up a few trends for cloud computing; should match with the interests of audience.\n\nCopy-paste cloud computing hype cycle?\n\nImage taken from: http://www.saasblogs.com/2008/12/01/demystifying-the-cloud-where-do-saas-paas-and-other-acronyms-fit-in/\n\nTrends:\n Numerous cloud initiatives in government, health and research / hot topic in Brussels witnessing recent calls\n Grid community moving to cloud\n \n\n[AP: label ‘network architects’ seems a bit odd]\n
- Probably not necessary to give a more general introduction into cloud computing (general benefits).\n\nDraw up a few trends for cloud computing; should match with the interests of audience.\n\nCopy-paste cloud computing hype cycle?\n\nImage taken from: http://www.saasblogs.com/2008/12/01/demystifying-the-cloud-where-do-saas-paas-and-other-acronyms-fit-in/\n\nTrends:\n Numerous cloud initiatives in government, health and research / hot topic in Brussels witnessing recent calls\n Grid community moving to cloud\n \n\n[AP: label ‘network architects’ seems a bit odd]\n
- Probably not necessary to give a more general introduction into cloud computing (general benefits).\n\nDraw up a few trends for cloud computing; should match with the interests of audience.\n\nCopy-paste cloud computing hype cycle?\n\nImage taken from: http://www.saasblogs.com/2008/12/01/demystifying-the-cloud-where-do-saas-paas-and-other-acronyms-fit-in/\n\nTrends:\n Numerous cloud initiatives in government, health and research / hot topic in Brussels witnessing recent calls\n Grid community moving to cloud\n \n\n[AP: label ‘network architects’ seems a bit odd]\n
- Probably not necessary to give a more general introduction into cloud computing (general benefits).\n\nDraw up a few trends for cloud computing; should match with the interests of audience.\n\nCopy-paste cloud computing hype cycle?\n\nImage taken from: http://www.saasblogs.com/2008/12/01/demystifying-the-cloud-where-do-saas-paas-and-other-acronyms-fit-in/\n\nTrends:\n Numerous cloud initiatives in government, health and research / hot topic in Brussels witnessing recent calls\n Grid community moving to cloud\n \n\n[AP: label ‘network architects’ seems a bit odd]\n
- Probably not necessary to give a more general introduction into cloud computing (general benefits).\n\nDraw up a few trends for cloud computing; should match with the interests of audience.\n\nCopy-paste cloud computing hype cycle?\n\nImage taken from: http://www.saasblogs.com/2008/12/01/demystifying-the-cloud-where-do-saas-paas-and-other-acronyms-fit-in/\n\nTrends:\n Numerous cloud initiatives in government, health and research / hot topic in Brussels witnessing recent calls\n Grid community moving to cloud\n \n\n[AP: label ‘network architects’ seems a bit odd]\n
- Probably not necessary to give a more general introduction into cloud computing (general benefits).\n\nDraw up a few trends for cloud computing; should match with the interests of audience.\n\nCopy-paste cloud computing hype cycle?\n\nImage taken from: http://www.saasblogs.com/2008/12/01/demystifying-the-cloud-where-do-saas-paas-and-other-acronyms-fit-in/\n\nTrends:\n Numerous cloud initiatives in government, health and research / hot topic in Brussels witnessing recent calls\n Grid community moving to cloud\n \n\n[AP: label ‘network architects’ seems a bit odd]\n
- Probably not necessary to give a more general introduction into cloud computing (general benefits).\n\nDraw up a few trends for cloud computing; should match with the interests of audience.\n\nCopy-paste cloud computing hype cycle?\n\nImage taken from: http://www.saasblogs.com/2008/12/01/demystifying-the-cloud-where-do-saas-paas-and-other-acronyms-fit-in/\n\nTrends:\n Numerous cloud initiatives in government, health and research / hot topic in Brussels witnessing recent calls\n Grid community moving to cloud\n \n\n[AP: label ‘network architects’ seems a bit odd]\n
- Probably not necessary to give a more general introduction into cloud computing (general benefits).\n\nDraw up a few trends for cloud computing; should match with the interests of audience.\n\nCopy-paste cloud computing hype cycle?\n\nImage taken from: http://www.saasblogs.com/2008/12/01/demystifying-the-cloud-where-do-saas-paas-and-other-acronyms-fit-in/\n\nTrends:\n Numerous cloud initiatives in government, health and research / hot topic in Brussels witnessing recent calls\n Grid community moving to cloud\n \n\n[AP: label ‘network architects’ seems a bit odd]\n
- Probably not necessary to give a more general introduction into cloud computing (general benefits).\n\nDraw up a few trends for cloud computing; should match with the interests of audience.\n\nCopy-paste cloud computing hype cycle?\n\nImage taken from: http://www.saasblogs.com/2008/12/01/demystifying-the-cloud-where-do-saas-paas-and-other-acronyms-fit-in/\n\nTrends:\n Numerous cloud initiatives in government, health and research / hot topic in Brussels witnessing recent calls\n Grid community moving to cloud\n \n\n[AP: label ‘network architects’ seems a bit odd]\n
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- Cost savings, green savings, power savings \n\nThe literature typically emphasises the economies of scale arising from commoditisation of IT services and the removal of complex on-site infrastructure deployment and management. Cloud\ncomputing, therefore, can reduce capital investments and limit the risks of overprovisioning, which is the usual response to the management of uncertain demand. The market research literature does not support these claims with detailed quantitative evidence. However, some data are available from cloud computing service providers and government organisations that are in the process of procuring such services (from http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/security/docs/the-cloud-understanding-security-privacy-trust-challenges-2010_en.pdf):\n Amazon Web Services has provisionally quantified these savings: an organisation operating over the web having low but steady usage with occasional peaks can reduce costs by 85 percent, rising to 95 percent for organisations needing high-performance computing.\n The City of Los Angeles decided to migrate towards a Google enhanced email service for its employees. The introduction of this cloud computing service is expected to save $6 million in terms of software license fees and $500,000 in hardware retirement costs. At the same time, the organisation expects to achieve additional efficiency savings of $6 million via the reallocation of staff to other tasks and $1 million by reallocating IT infrastructure to other activities.\n
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- Private cloud. The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise.\nCommunity cloud. The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise.\nPublic cloud. The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services.\nHybrid cloud. The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting).\n
- Cloud computing has different types of customers:\n Those who bring their existing / legacy system step-by-step to the cloud (enterprise adaptation such as described above)\n Those who start from scratch, using cloud straight away: e.g. web apps such as Foursquare.\n\nTarget group for CC is mostly the first category. \n
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- Nothing to do with unharmonised EU-national legislation\n
- The network is a crucial part of cloud infrastructure as a service (IaaS). Not only does a network connect customers to the cloud, but it connects the different components of the cloud environment. IT managers must understand their networking options when selecting an IaaS solution (Gartner). \n
- “If you move your data centre to a cloud provider, it will cost a tenth of the cost.” – Brian Gammage, Gartner Fellow\nUse of cloud applications can reduce costs from 50% to 90% - CTO of Washington D.C.\n
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- Cloud IaaS SLAs are similar to SLAs for network services, hosting and data center outsourcing (Gartner). \n
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- The objective of this slide is to solicit feedback from the audience.\n\nMust point out that the audience is the customer and determines how the CC will be build and managed.\n
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