1. Environmental
Consideration
on Food and Energy
Resources from the Ocean
3/23/1997 Author: Tomas U. Ganiron Jr 1

2. Problems arise from the
ocean resources:
• Human
population
3/23/1997 Author: Tomas U. Ganiron Jr 2

3. Problems arise from the ocean
resources:
• Pollution
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4. Problems arise from the ocean
resources:
• Natural hazard
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5. Problems arise from the ocean
resources:
• Over exploitation
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6. Problems due to human population
• As population increases more resources
use
• Pollution to water surface
• Hazardous waste management
• More people exploited the oceans for
minerals and oil/natural gas exploration
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7. Increase of population
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8. Pollution to ocean surface and
hazardous waste
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9. More people exploited the ocean
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10. Problems due to pollution
• Oil spills from ships
• 28% from extraction of oil & fuel fossils
from the ocean
• Hazardous waste such human excreta,
plastics (garbage)
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11. Oil Spills from ships
3/23/1997 Author: Tomas U. Ganiron Jr 11

12. Oil spills
• EEXON VALDEZ, March of 1989, Prince William,
off Alaska shore.
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13. Oil spills from extraction
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14. Problems arise from ocean for
being exploited
• Ecologically
destructive e.g.
some species
become instinct,
natural habitat are
destroyed
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15. Marine life endangered
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16. Problems due natural hazards
• Damages to property
• Lost of life
• Economic lost specially to those
dependent on ocean resources
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17. Natural hazards
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18. What can we do?
• Mariculture and
aquaculture- start
farming our seas
instead of hunting
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19. How about oil spills?
• Government sectors
and voluntary
organization with
civilians clean the
shores regularly to
maintain ocean
resources
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20. Lets clean our shores
• Picking up
trashes along
shorelines
• Proper garbage
disposal to
implement
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21. Natural hazards
Ocean water submerges coastal buildings on Thailand’s Phi Phi Island after the worst tsunami in
history killed people in 14 countries rimming the Indian Ocean in December 2004. The death toll
reached more than 250,000 people. It far eclipsed the death toll caused by the second worst
tsunami, which destroyed Lisbon, Portugal, in 1755 and killed 60,000 people.
• Police authority zone 40 meters from foreshores
to protect ocean resources and to protect
property damages and life lost.
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22. Ocean Laws
• First United Nation Conference on “Law on
Sea” was held on 1958, treaty related to
exploitation of continental shelf
• 1982 UN Conference tackles seabeds
mining majority 130 voted opposition 4
countries (USA, Turkey, Israel, Venezuela)
with 17 abstention. Final Act 140 nation
had signed it took effect in 1994.
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23. • International Seabeds Authority (ISA) regulates
the exploitation and development of seabeds
resources.
• 1994 some provision are revised by the US
Congress mainly because US support private
companies and economically speaks US need it
badly.
• 1987, “Territorial Sea” extending 12 nautical
miles out of shorelines
• Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ), applies to all
nation 200-350 nautical miles to continental
shelf. EEZ do have jurisdiction on mining,
fisheries, scientific researches and pollution
regulation.
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24. The end
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