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1. Robots: State-of-the-art and Future Trends
Hareesha N G
Asst. Professor
Department of Aeronautical
Engineering

2. Contents
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Introduction
Definition and Types of Robots
Industrial Robots: Present and Future
Agricultural robots: Present and Future
Medical Robots: Present and Future
Space Robots: Present and Future
Military Robots: Present and Future
Personal Robots: Present and Future

3. What is a Robot?
Webster's dictionary defines robot as “ an automatic device that performs
functions ordinarily to human beings.
Robot institute of America gives a more precise description
“ A robot is reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to
move materials, parts, tools, or specialized devices, through variable
programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks”
• Word robot was coined by a Czech novelist
Karel Capek in a 1920 play titled Rossum’s
Universal Robots (RUR)
• Robota in Czech is a word for worker or
servant
Karel Capek
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4. Robots
Stationary
Robots
Industrial
Robots
Mobile
Robots
Humanoid
Robots
Types of Robots based on mobility
Example:
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5. Types of Robots based on application
Industrial
Robots
Agricultural
Robots
Medical
Robots
Space
Robots
Military
Robots
Personal
Robots
Entertainment
Robots
Misc
Robots
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6. • An industrial robot is an automatically controlled,
reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator,
programmable in three or more axes.
• Typical applications of robots include welding,
painting, assembly, pick and place, product inspection,
and testing;
Industrial Robots : State-of -the-Art
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7. • With the introduction of Artificial Intelligence and
Powerful sensors, robot will think and perform
some operations.
Industrial Robots : Future….?
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8. • Agricultural robotics is the use of automation in bio systems such as agriculture.
• Helped to create several advancements to the industry while helping farmers
to save money and time.
• Agricultural robots are capable of collecting crop and soil samples because
they are small in size, which allows them to be able to accumulate data close to
the crops.
• They are also capable of spraying pesticides, finding diseases or parasites.
• Agricultural robots come equipped with cameras and sensors. Their sensors are
used to spray only the area affected by the parasite instead of the entire crop.
• Robots are also used in milking cows.
Agricultural Robots : State-of -the-Art
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9. Agricultural Robots :Future……?
• Within the next 20 years, robots will be able to cultivate land, and pick fruit
and vegetables.
• Driverless tractor available by 2014. Farmers would control two tractors from
one cab.
• The new "cable-less" tractors use technology developed in the military, that
use GPS to know where they are and sensors to detect humans or other life in
the way of the machine.
• "A large part of the future of agriculture is robotic”
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10. 1) The Zeus:
The Zeus’s tool arms are tele-operated, following motions the surgeon made
with instrument controls (using joystick) at the surgeon console.
The first surgery was performed with the surgeon and patient being separated
by a distance of several thousand kilometers.
2) Da Vinci :
Intuitive Surgical Inc developed the da Vinci. The da Vinci is a tele-operated
system, wherein the surgeon manipulates instrument controls at a console and
the robot arms follow those motions with motion scaling and trouble reduction.
Medical Robots : State-of -the-Art
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11. Nanotechnology
• Nano-medicine is a branch of nanotechnology which includes the
construction, repair, monitoring and control of the human body at
the molecular level, using the various implements of
nanotechnology.
• Basically this technology will be comprised of tiny nano-machines
and programmable nano-robots meticulously engineered to the
nanometer which will be able to operate on the human body with
greater precision than ever before imagined.
• Once these machines are available doctors will have a way to
conduct curative and reconstructive procedures at the cellular or
even molecular level.
Medical Robots : Future…….?
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12. Space Robots : State-of -the-Art
What is Space Robotics?
 Space Robotics is the development of machines for the space environment that
perform Exploration, or to Assemble/Construct, Maintain, or Service other
hardware in Space.
 Humans generally control space robots locally (e.g. Space Shuttle robotic arm) or
from a great distance (e.g. Mars Exploration Rovers.
"I don't think the space shuttle program could have done a great deal of their
missions without robotics,“ -Brian Roberts, a robotics specialist at Goddard Space
Flight Center, NASA
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The best example of space robots are the Mars Rover

13. Space Robots : Future…….?
The second generation Robonaut 2 humanoid robot designed for
assisting astronauts in space.
Robonaut is only half a humanoid robot because it does not have legs;
however, it is blessed with a state-of-the-art upper body including a
pair of powerful arms and dexterous hands.
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14. Military Robots : State-of -the-Art
Today, almost all the military organizations take the help of military
robots to carry out many risky jobs that cannot be handled manually
by soldier.
It is an electrically powered and remote controlled robot which is used
to locate, handle and destroying risky objects safely.
The man role of this military robot is to recover improvised explosive
devices.
In short it is a vehicle for defusing bombs.
If someone shoots at the robot, and you
know what's going on. No one shoots at
the robot, you can look around, assess
the situation. That's where robots are
going to make a huge difference.
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Daksh : Daksh is one of the most current military robots.

15. Military Robots : State-of -the-Art
Dynamics of the Military Robots
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16. Disaster-Response Robots
• Robots may fight fires, climb ladders, search for bombs, and race
across the battlefield.
• The technological singularity is near, say military strategists.
Military Robots : Future…….?
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DARPA's : These robots are
capable of responding to
dangerous situations and
assisting with disaster response.

17. • A personal robot is one whose human interface and design make it
useful for individuals.
Personal Robots : State-of-the-art
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18. Robot Cars: Yesterday's Vision, Today's Reality
• Robot cars. Driving a car without even touching it? Silly as it may
sound, but yes, it is very possible.
• Maybe 50 years ago people have dreamed of having an automatic
car and now it is closer to becoming a reality.
• Advances in the field of science - especially robotics and computer
knowledge - are aiding the once a vision, automatic cars, to
becoming real.
Personal Robots : State-of-the-art
The fully autonomous Google car
has passed the legal hurdles for
use on the roads of Nevada and
California after hundreds of
thousands of hours' testing
through cities and traffic. Now
RobotCar UK is set to follow suit.12/29/2014 18
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19. Personal Robots : Future……?
“A future where robots are as common as cars – and cheaper –
is on the way.”
-Prof. Hiroshi Ishiguro, named one of the top 100 geniuses alive
in the world today, who has devoted himself to creating robots
so humanlike.
Autonomous androids which look just
like you could conduct your business,
attend conferences, and go shopping
on your behalf, while you sat in the
comfort of your home.
A camera would monitor your facial
expressions and your android's face
would mirror your expressions.
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20. • Humans could marry robots within the century….!
Personal Robots : Future……?
"My forecast is that around 2050, the state of Massachusetts will be the first
jurisdiction to legalize marriages with robots,"
- David Levy, Artificial intelligence researcher at the University of Maastricht
in the Netherlands .
Levy recently completed his Ph.D. work on the subject of human-robot
relationships, covering many of the privileges and practices that generally
come with marriage as well as outside of it.
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21. • A large part of the future of agriculture is robotic.
• With the introduction of Artificial Intelligence and Powerful
sensors technology, future factory will be a digital factory.
• In future in place of solders, robots may fight with enemies.
Human may just monitor these robots.
• There are some robots, using artificial intelligence technology,
which can represent his boss in his absence.
• There is a lot scope in this field for research.
Conclusions
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