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個案研討
                 Benihana of Tokyo
    Operation
                   QoS
    Excellence
                            Albert Wang
           Case
                  BPM
                            2008.4.22
    INNOVATION

1
Benihana的顧客流程

      顧客到達                                 鐵板燒用餐區
    (批次 1, 2, …N)
                         Sit, order, 1st course, 2nd course, …dessert,
                    1                          pay
                    2    Sit, order, 1st course, 2nd course, …dessert,
                                               pay
                    3
       飲料檯               Sit, order, 1st course, 2nd course, …dessert,
                                               pay


     Batch Size=8        Sit, order, 1st course, 2nd course, …dessert,
                    14                         pay




                                      用餐大廳
                                                              客戶離開
                                                       (in batches close to 8)


2
Benihana的空間配置圖




3
Benihana: 流程分析
    重要參數:
    •一家店需要多少廚師?多少助手?
    •顧客光顧的頻率
    •客戶就位的時間有多快
    •客戶點餐的時間有多長
    •飲料可以多快送達?
    •餐點製備供應的時間
    •客戶用餐的時間有多長
    •客戶結帳與離開需要多少時間
4
Benihana流程分析

    假設整個晚餐流程進行約60分鐘, 而我們希望顧
    客在飲料吧檯停留24分鐘
    考慮以下三種組合:
    飲料吧檯 - 8 個座位; 餐廳區- 40個座位
    飲料吧檯– 16個座位; 餐廳區- 80個座位
    飲料吧檯 - 48個座位; 餐廳區- 120個座位




5
Benihana流程分析

          At Location 1 (West Side)

    Cycle Time

    60 minutes / 5 tables = 12 minutes/table
    8 people / table     1.5 minutes/person

    Throughput

    1 table / 12 minutes or
    2 people / 3 minutes

        The Bar must empty every 12 minutes!
6
Benihana流程分析

     Bar - 8 seats; Dining area - 40 seats
    It takes 60 minutes for one customer to eat dinner, and
    there are 40 seats in the dining area. Therefore 40 people
    eat every 60 minutes (throughput).
    On the average a dinner cycle is completed every 60
    minutes/40 people = 1.5 minutes per person (cycle time).
    We know that dinners are processed in batches of 8, so on
    the average a table of 8 finishes every 12 minutes.




7
Benihana流程分析

     Bar - 8 seats; Dining area - 40 seats
    This means that the 8-seat bar must empty every 12
    minutes.
    The "ideal" time for someone to remain in the bar is
    about double that time (because this will be just after the
    second drink has reached the table).
    Therefore, it would appear that the ratio of 0.2 (8 bar
    seats to 40 dining seats) is too small.




8
Benihana流程分析

     Bar - 16 seats; Dining Area - 80 seats
    It takes 60 minutes for one customer to eat dinner, and
    there are 80 seats in the dining area. Therefore 80 people
    eat every 60 minutes (throughput).
    On the average a dinner cycle is completed every 60
    minutes/80 people = 0.75 minutes per person (cycle time).
    We know that dinners are processed in batches of 8, so on
    the average a table of 8 finishes every 6 minutes.




9
Benihana流程分析

      Bar - 16 seats; Dining Area - 80 seats
     This means that the 16-seat bar must empty every 12
     minutes.
     Therefore, it would appear that the ratio of 0.2 (16 bar
     seats to 80 dining seats) is too small.
     In fact, all this does is double the restaurant’s capacity,
     and the bar time remains at 12 minutes.
     The only benefit is that 16 seats might allow the host or
     hostess to do a better job of assembling groups of eight.



10
Benihana流程分析

      Bar - 48 seats; Dining Area - 120 seats
     It takes 60 minutes for one customer to eat dinner, and
     there are 120 seats in the dining area. Therefore 120 people
     eat every 60 minutes (throughput).
     On the average a dinner cycle is completed every 60
     minutes/120 people = 0.5 minutes per person (cycle time).
     We know that dinners are processed in batches of 8, so on
     the average a table of 8 finishes every 4 minutes.




11
Benihana流程分析

     Bar - 48 seats; Dining Area - 120 seats
     紅花巧妙規劃的結果,週轉率如何?
       以15桌、120個位置的餐廳為例,假設顧客很平均的進
       來,用餐一小時,則平均每4分鐘(60/15 )可有一桌
       顧客出去;其等待區約可容納48個人,總座位的四成
       多,平均等待半個小時,若顧客喝兩杯飲料,則還可
       創造額外的可觀利潤。




12
Benihana流程分析

 •等點菜的時間是經營上的一大浪費,紅花很細膩
  的消除掉了這項浪費。顧客一坐下來沙拉就來了,
  可以邊吃邊等點菜,顧客滿意、紅花也縮短了桌
  位使用時間,如此,可控制一組顧客的用餐時間
  約在一個小時。
 •紅花在每張鐵板燒桌子的三邊設計八個人座位,
  留一長邊供廚師站立煎煮牛排、快速移動以提供
  料理完成的餐點,這樣的桌子同時有兩張並排,
  將廚師圍在內邊,因此只要有一、兩位訓練精良
  的廚師,就可同時服務16位顧客。另一個巧妙在
  每位廚師與服務人員都貼身服務你、也都有特定
  的服務桌位,這樣的設計讓勞力成本大幅降低。

13
飲料吧檯與批次點餐對利潤的影響

 Batching                  Off        Off         On          On
 Bar Capacity               0         55           0          55
 Drinks Sold                 0         391          0          217
 $/Drink                   $1.50      $1.50       $1.50       $1.50
 Cost/drink                $0.30      $0.30       $0.30       $0.30
 Gross Profits (drinks)      0        468.6         0         259.8
 Dinners Sold               166        191         232         295
 Utilization               49%        57%         69%          88%
 $/Dinner                  $7.30      $7.30       $7.30       $7.30
 Cost/dinner               $2.20      $2.20       $2.20       $2.20
 Gross Profits (Dinner)   $847.62    $972.06    $1,183.20   $1,505.52
 Lost Customers             202        180         145          77
 Total Gross Profits      $847.62   $1,440.66   $1,183.20   $1,765.32
 Increase                             70%         40%         108%
14
飲料吧檯與批次點餐對利潤的影響


                                                   Batching
                                          Off                 On

                          On             1443               1765




                                            +70%
         Bar




                         Off              847        +40%   1183

     Benihana increases capacity utilization and makes good margins
                          from its “inventory”
15
Benihana的營運特色

 • 一般服務人力減少服務品質會下降,但紅
   花的廚師與服務生一直陪在旁邊、主動提
   供服務,服務品質比一般餐廳只有過之而
   無不及,它是如何做到人力的精簡?
     –廚師兼洗菜、切菜處理多能工,不需要預先的
      準備與處理食物不需要幫廚
     –餐廳的外場服務人員須需求量低
     –清一色年輕、單身日本人的「廚師」,不只要
      接受烹調訓練,更是著重表演技巧。紅花餐廳
      提供父權式關懷,薪水豐富外,也提供工作安
      全與福利,廚師流動率極低。

16
Benihana的營運特色

 •食品成本為什麼偏低?
     –有限選擇 – 標準化
     –少樣選擇、低庫存量容易預測
     –量大、少樣採購議價能力強
     –過去日本料理多是生魚片,紅花餐廳運用鐵板燒,提
      供精緻、小塊的主菜,搭配大份量的高麗菜、豆芽菜,
      頗能吸引美國人口味
     –精簡式的菜單設計,大幅降低庫存管理、採購和運送
      成本



17
Benihana的營運特色

 •為什麼紅花餐點之外的飲料毛利率很高大都落在
  24-30%間,飲料成本比較其他同業低?
     –紅花主要靠推出異國風味(日本風味)的飲料,創造異
      國風味就能創造差異化的價值

 •租金的比率為什麼比較其他同業低?
     –現場規劃是最硬碰硬的關鍵,因為錢都砸在那裡。一
      家餐廳簽約簽100坪,往往拿到的只有約60坪,其中廚
      房占掉20%,而標準的規劃,員工與顧客廁所還得分開,
      再扣除員工換衣間,能營業的面積有限,動線與流程
      規劃至為重要,因為周轉率直接關係利潤率。



18
Benihana的營運特色

 •為什麼廣告成本比較其他同業高?
     – Marketing Issue: Have to overcome general perception
       about Japanese food (in the 70’s – stinky, fishy, oily)
     – 快樂、享受」,「日式燒烤的料理秀」,「有限的消
       費,無限的享受」
     – 紅花把日式鐵板燒帶進美國餐飲業主流,還以廚藝創
       造了「吃娛樂」(eatertainment)的新概念,也帶進其他
       的日本料理使之蔚為風潮,現在壽司已是美國十分流
       行的料理,而醬油更是許許多多美國餐廳的必備調味
       料。創造新的產業 “ eatertainment” .紅花可說是體驗行
       銷的先驅

19
Benihana的營運特色
 • 在這麼高效率的過程中,紅花如何建立顧客關係,
   又如何展現獨特的「吃娛樂」?
     –廚師必須能與顧客聊棒球等美式話題;而廚師表演甩刀
      子、胡椒調味罐等「特技」,在70年代可謂新鮮至極的
      賣點。另一位學生指出,鐵板燒的用餐流程等於是完全
      控制在廚師手裡,談談笑笑間,一道接一道菜上來,一
      小時內就可以讓你走人,週轉率可以很快。紅花就連餐
      後甜點提供的冰淇淋都有縮短用餐時間的玄機在。
     –傳統餐廳將注意力放在客人身上,紅花餐廳卻讓客人的
      注意力,聚焦在一邊烹飪、一邊表演的廚師身上,絲毫
      不感覺和一群陌生人共食;進餐過程中,若有任何需求,
      也可以直接和廚師(而非侍者)溝通,心理感受較佳。

20
Benihana的營運特色

 • 紅花餐廳以一個獨特的創意起家,把吃的
   藝術擴及廚藝的表演,創造出吃的娛樂性。
   但是除了創意,它經營的邏輯很清楚。整
   個經營系統的設計、服務流程的規劃,乃
   至於店面現場設計、人力運用,都緊扣著
   它的創意並力求高度效率。




21
Benihana會賺錢嗎?

     Gross sales                               =              $1,300,000
     Food sales (70% of gross sales )          =              $910,000
     Food cost (30% of food sales)             =              $273,000
     Beverage sales (30% of gross sales) =         $390,000
     Beverage cost (20% of beverage sales) =       $78,000
     Labor cost (10% of gross sales)           =              $130,000
     Advertising cost (10% of gross sales) =       $130,000
     Rent cost (5% of gross sales)             =               $65,000
     Management Salary                         =               $45,000
     Pre tax profit                            =              $534,000

     Net profit (50% tax rate)            =        $267,000
     Initial investment                        =              $300,000

     Payback period                       =        1.1yrs




22
廚師的薪水

 •   Gross Sales = $1,300,000
 •   Labor cost = 10% of gross sales = $130,000
 •   Managerial expense will be assumed to be a separate line item
 •   1 Manager : 1 Asst. Manager : 2 Front men
     $ 15,000 + $ 12,000         + $ 18,000                 = $ 45,000

     Total staff = 30;
     Chefs = 6 and Management = 4; Workers = 20

     Assuming chefs make twice what other staff members make…

     Chef salary =        $8100
     Worker salary        =     $4050

23
Benihana 的成本結構

          Benihana   Typical           Of

 員工薪資     10-12%     30-35%    Gross Sales

 食品成本     30-35%     38-48%    Food Sales

 飲料成本       20%      25-30%    Beverage Sales

 房屋租金成本    5-7%      4.5-9%    Gross Sales

 廣告        8-10%     0.75-2%   Gross Sales

 開店成本      Higher    Lower


24
紅花餐廳的下一步該怎麼走?

 •每年限定開五家據點,日本木工打造店面的極限。
  紅花的廚師來源有限,都是培養日本年輕人,提
  供高薪和住宿配套,培訓期長達五年,面對未來,
  紅花該如何才能擴充規模?
 •紅花餐廳曾經開放加盟,卻發現加盟店主缺乏經
  營理念、追求短期利益,於是又回到直營體制,
  面對未來,如何擴張是紅花的最大問題,過去曾
  經開放加盟,最後決定中止,目前美國、其他海
  外國家及日本,都將是紅花餐廳的未來發展領域。
 •紅花廚師的烹飪秀招數有限,顧客會不會日久生
  膩?


25
•目前紅花餐廳已是家IPO公司,2005年營業
  額為7,500萬美元,稅後盈餘為450萬美元,
  在北美有93家分店、中南美五家、歐洲五
  家、亞洲四家、澳洲及中東各一家。




26
The End




34

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Benihana個案研討upload

  • 1. 個案研討 Benihana of Tokyo Operation QoS Excellence Albert Wang Case BPM 2008.4.22 INNOVATION 1
  • 2. Benihana的顧客流程 顧客到達 鐵板燒用餐區 (批次 1, 2, …N) Sit, order, 1st course, 2nd course, …dessert, 1 pay 2 Sit, order, 1st course, 2nd course, …dessert, pay 3 飲料檯 Sit, order, 1st course, 2nd course, …dessert, pay Batch Size=8 Sit, order, 1st course, 2nd course, …dessert, 14 pay 用餐大廳 客戶離開 (in batches close to 8) 2
  • 4. Benihana: 流程分析 重要參數: •一家店需要多少廚師?多少助手? •顧客光顧的頻率 •客戶就位的時間有多快 •客戶點餐的時間有多長 •飲料可以多快送達? •餐點製備供應的時間 •客戶用餐的時間有多長 •客戶結帳與離開需要多少時間 4
  • 5. Benihana流程分析 假設整個晚餐流程進行約60分鐘, 而我們希望顧 客在飲料吧檯停留24分鐘 考慮以下三種組合: 飲料吧檯 - 8 個座位; 餐廳區- 40個座位 飲料吧檯– 16個座位; 餐廳區- 80個座位 飲料吧檯 - 48個座位; 餐廳區- 120個座位 5
  • 6. Benihana流程分析 At Location 1 (West Side) Cycle Time 60 minutes / 5 tables = 12 minutes/table 8 people / table 1.5 minutes/person Throughput 1 table / 12 minutes or 2 people / 3 minutes The Bar must empty every 12 minutes! 6
  • 7. Benihana流程分析 Bar - 8 seats; Dining area - 40 seats It takes 60 minutes for one customer to eat dinner, and there are 40 seats in the dining area. Therefore 40 people eat every 60 minutes (throughput). On the average a dinner cycle is completed every 60 minutes/40 people = 1.5 minutes per person (cycle time). We know that dinners are processed in batches of 8, so on the average a table of 8 finishes every 12 minutes. 7
  • 8. Benihana流程分析 Bar - 8 seats; Dining area - 40 seats This means that the 8-seat bar must empty every 12 minutes. The "ideal" time for someone to remain in the bar is about double that time (because this will be just after the second drink has reached the table). Therefore, it would appear that the ratio of 0.2 (8 bar seats to 40 dining seats) is too small. 8
  • 9. Benihana流程分析 Bar - 16 seats; Dining Area - 80 seats It takes 60 minutes for one customer to eat dinner, and there are 80 seats in the dining area. Therefore 80 people eat every 60 minutes (throughput). On the average a dinner cycle is completed every 60 minutes/80 people = 0.75 minutes per person (cycle time). We know that dinners are processed in batches of 8, so on the average a table of 8 finishes every 6 minutes. 9
  • 10. Benihana流程分析 Bar - 16 seats; Dining Area - 80 seats This means that the 16-seat bar must empty every 12 minutes. Therefore, it would appear that the ratio of 0.2 (16 bar seats to 80 dining seats) is too small. In fact, all this does is double the restaurant’s capacity, and the bar time remains at 12 minutes. The only benefit is that 16 seats might allow the host or hostess to do a better job of assembling groups of eight. 10
  • 11. Benihana流程分析 Bar - 48 seats; Dining Area - 120 seats It takes 60 minutes for one customer to eat dinner, and there are 120 seats in the dining area. Therefore 120 people eat every 60 minutes (throughput). On the average a dinner cycle is completed every 60 minutes/120 people = 0.5 minutes per person (cycle time). We know that dinners are processed in batches of 8, so on the average a table of 8 finishes every 4 minutes. 11
  • 12. Benihana流程分析 Bar - 48 seats; Dining Area - 120 seats 紅花巧妙規劃的結果,週轉率如何? 以15桌、120個位置的餐廳為例,假設顧客很平均的進 來,用餐一小時,則平均每4分鐘(60/15 )可有一桌 顧客出去;其等待區約可容納48個人,總座位的四成 多,平均等待半個小時,若顧客喝兩杯飲料,則還可 創造額外的可觀利潤。 12
  • 13. Benihana流程分析 •等點菜的時間是經營上的一大浪費,紅花很細膩 的消除掉了這項浪費。顧客一坐下來沙拉就來了, 可以邊吃邊等點菜,顧客滿意、紅花也縮短了桌 位使用時間,如此,可控制一組顧客的用餐時間 約在一個小時。 •紅花在每張鐵板燒桌子的三邊設計八個人座位, 留一長邊供廚師站立煎煮牛排、快速移動以提供 料理完成的餐點,這樣的桌子同時有兩張並排, 將廚師圍在內邊,因此只要有一、兩位訓練精良 的廚師,就可同時服務16位顧客。另一個巧妙在 每位廚師與服務人員都貼身服務你、也都有特定 的服務桌位,這樣的設計讓勞力成本大幅降低。 13
  • 14. 飲料吧檯與批次點餐對利潤的影響 Batching Off Off On On Bar Capacity 0 55 0 55 Drinks Sold 0 391 0 217 $/Drink $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 Cost/drink $0.30 $0.30 $0.30 $0.30 Gross Profits (drinks) 0 468.6 0 259.8 Dinners Sold 166 191 232 295 Utilization 49% 57% 69% 88% $/Dinner $7.30 $7.30 $7.30 $7.30 Cost/dinner $2.20 $2.20 $2.20 $2.20 Gross Profits (Dinner) $847.62 $972.06 $1,183.20 $1,505.52 Lost Customers 202 180 145 77 Total Gross Profits $847.62 $1,440.66 $1,183.20 $1,765.32 Increase 70% 40% 108% 14
  • 15. 飲料吧檯與批次點餐對利潤的影響 Batching Off On On 1443 1765 +70% Bar Off 847 +40% 1183 Benihana increases capacity utilization and makes good margins from its “inventory” 15
  • 16. Benihana的營運特色 • 一般服務人力減少服務品質會下降,但紅 花的廚師與服務生一直陪在旁邊、主動提 供服務,服務品質比一般餐廳只有過之而 無不及,它是如何做到人力的精簡? –廚師兼洗菜、切菜處理多能工,不需要預先的 準備與處理食物不需要幫廚 –餐廳的外場服務人員須需求量低 –清一色年輕、單身日本人的「廚師」,不只要 接受烹調訓練,更是著重表演技巧。紅花餐廳 提供父權式關懷,薪水豐富外,也提供工作安 全與福利,廚師流動率極低。 16
  • 17. Benihana的營運特色 •食品成本為什麼偏低? –有限選擇 – 標準化 –少樣選擇、低庫存量容易預測 –量大、少樣採購議價能力強 –過去日本料理多是生魚片,紅花餐廳運用鐵板燒,提 供精緻、小塊的主菜,搭配大份量的高麗菜、豆芽菜, 頗能吸引美國人口味 –精簡式的菜單設計,大幅降低庫存管理、採購和運送 成本 17
  • 18. Benihana的營運特色 •為什麼紅花餐點之外的飲料毛利率很高大都落在 24-30%間,飲料成本比較其他同業低? –紅花主要靠推出異國風味(日本風味)的飲料,創造異 國風味就能創造差異化的價值 •租金的比率為什麼比較其他同業低? –現場規劃是最硬碰硬的關鍵,因為錢都砸在那裡。一 家餐廳簽約簽100坪,往往拿到的只有約60坪,其中廚 房占掉20%,而標準的規劃,員工與顧客廁所還得分開, 再扣除員工換衣間,能營業的面積有限,動線與流程 規劃至為重要,因為周轉率直接關係利潤率。 18
  • 19. Benihana的營運特色 •為什麼廣告成本比較其他同業高? – Marketing Issue: Have to overcome general perception about Japanese food (in the 70’s – stinky, fishy, oily) – 快樂、享受」,「日式燒烤的料理秀」,「有限的消 費,無限的享受」 – 紅花把日式鐵板燒帶進美國餐飲業主流,還以廚藝創 造了「吃娛樂」(eatertainment)的新概念,也帶進其他 的日本料理使之蔚為風潮,現在壽司已是美國十分流 行的料理,而醬油更是許許多多美國餐廳的必備調味 料。創造新的產業 “ eatertainment” .紅花可說是體驗行 銷的先驅 19
  • 20. Benihana的營運特色 • 在這麼高效率的過程中,紅花如何建立顧客關係, 又如何展現獨特的「吃娛樂」? –廚師必須能與顧客聊棒球等美式話題;而廚師表演甩刀 子、胡椒調味罐等「特技」,在70年代可謂新鮮至極的 賣點。另一位學生指出,鐵板燒的用餐流程等於是完全 控制在廚師手裡,談談笑笑間,一道接一道菜上來,一 小時內就可以讓你走人,週轉率可以很快。紅花就連餐 後甜點提供的冰淇淋都有縮短用餐時間的玄機在。 –傳統餐廳將注意力放在客人身上,紅花餐廳卻讓客人的 注意力,聚焦在一邊烹飪、一邊表演的廚師身上,絲毫 不感覺和一群陌生人共食;進餐過程中,若有任何需求, 也可以直接和廚師(而非侍者)溝通,心理感受較佳。 20
  • 21. Benihana的營運特色 • 紅花餐廳以一個獨特的創意起家,把吃的 藝術擴及廚藝的表演,創造出吃的娛樂性。 但是除了創意,它經營的邏輯很清楚。整 個經營系統的設計、服務流程的規劃,乃 至於店面現場設計、人力運用,都緊扣著 它的創意並力求高度效率。 21
  • 22. Benihana會賺錢嗎? Gross sales = $1,300,000 Food sales (70% of gross sales ) = $910,000 Food cost (30% of food sales) = $273,000 Beverage sales (30% of gross sales) = $390,000 Beverage cost (20% of beverage sales) = $78,000 Labor cost (10% of gross sales) = $130,000 Advertising cost (10% of gross sales) = $130,000 Rent cost (5% of gross sales) = $65,000 Management Salary = $45,000 Pre tax profit = $534,000 Net profit (50% tax rate) = $267,000 Initial investment = $300,000 Payback period = 1.1yrs 22
  • 23. 廚師的薪水 • Gross Sales = $1,300,000 • Labor cost = 10% of gross sales = $130,000 • Managerial expense will be assumed to be a separate line item • 1 Manager : 1 Asst. Manager : 2 Front men $ 15,000 + $ 12,000 + $ 18,000 = $ 45,000 Total staff = 30; Chefs = 6 and Management = 4; Workers = 20 Assuming chefs make twice what other staff members make… Chef salary = $8100 Worker salary = $4050 23
  • 24. Benihana 的成本結構 Benihana Typical Of 員工薪資 10-12% 30-35% Gross Sales 食品成本 30-35% 38-48% Food Sales 飲料成本 20% 25-30% Beverage Sales 房屋租金成本 5-7% 4.5-9% Gross Sales 廣告 8-10% 0.75-2% Gross Sales 開店成本 Higher Lower 24
  • 25. 紅花餐廳的下一步該怎麼走? •每年限定開五家據點,日本木工打造店面的極限。 紅花的廚師來源有限,都是培養日本年輕人,提 供高薪和住宿配套,培訓期長達五年,面對未來, 紅花該如何才能擴充規模? •紅花餐廳曾經開放加盟,卻發現加盟店主缺乏經 營理念、追求短期利益,於是又回到直營體制, 面對未來,如何擴張是紅花的最大問題,過去曾 經開放加盟,最後決定中止,目前美國、其他海 外國家及日本,都將是紅花餐廳的未來發展領域。 •紅花廚師的烹飪秀招數有限,顧客會不會日久生 膩? 25
  • 26. •目前紅花餐廳已是家IPO公司,2005年營業 額為7,500萬美元,稅後盈餘為450萬美元, 在北美有93家分店、中南美五家、歐洲五 家、亞洲四家、澳洲及中東各一家。 26