This document discusses ecosystems and homeostasis mechanisms. It defines an ecosystem as including all organic life, soil, water, and inorganic components that interact in a habitat. Ecosystems have abiotic components like geography and climate, and biotic components like plants, animals, and microbes. Ecological pyramids graphically represent the trophic structure of an ecosystem in terms of number, biomass, and energy. Homeostasis mechanisms include negative feedback that stabilizes deficiencies and disequilibriums, and positive feedback that can occur from human interference removing population controls. Concluding, the document states that increasing human activities are making ecosystems more fragile, which could impact humans.

1. Ecosystem
And the study of homeostasis
mechanism.

2. Concept of Ecosystem:
Eco+System
 Eco means a habitat.
 System means a complex set of interconnected
components or processes forming a whole.
As defined in Philip’s Encyclopedia 2005: It includes all
organic life in a given area along with the soil, water and
other inorganic components of their habitat, and all the
ecological interactions that takes place within and
between the organic and inorganic.

3. Ecosystem:Sun

4. Components of an Ecosystem.
Abiotic
Components
• Geographical
• Climatic
• Physicochemical characteristics
Biotic
Components
• Plants
• Animals & Birds
• Microbes

5. Ecological Pyramids: Graphical representation of trophic structure and
function of an ecosystem is known as ecological pyramid.
EcologicalPyramids
Pyramid of Number
Pyramid of Biomass
Pyramid of Energy

6. Pyramid of number:
Frog
Grasshopper
Grass
Parasites
Herbivore Bird
Tree
Snakes
Birds
Tree

7. Pyramid of Biomass:
Lion
Deer
Trees, grasses
Kingfisher
Big fishes
Small Fishes
Phytoplankton

8. Pyramid of Energy:
Omnivore
Carnivore (Fox)
Herbivores (Rabbit)
Trees, Herbs and Shrubs
Sun

9. The functioning of the system:
System
outputInput
Feedback

10. Deficiency
Negative
Feedback
Set
Point
Positive
Feedback
Death/Collapse
Adjustment to the set point.
Tendency to take away from
the set point.
Homeostasis Mechanism:

11. Negative Feedback: Predation can be seen as a homeostatic
process of communities. Predator/prey relationships have an odd
element of cooperation in them. Predators tend to kill the
weakest members of the prey population, which include animals
who are ill, old, or very young.
Positive Feedback: Human interference leading to the removal
of a population control from the community. Example- When all
the predators of the deer are removed from a community the
number of deer's can explode.
Negative feedback: Lemmings are small rodents that live near and in
the Tundra north of the conifer forests of North America, Europe and
Asia. When their population cycle peaks and food runs out, they
sometimes do migrate, but more commonly their crowding-induced
thyroid diseases kills them suddenly.

12. Conclusion:
Ecosystem one of the major governing entity of the environment,
though tends to stabilize the deficiency and disequilibrium, but with
the increasing penetration and manipulation of human activities, the
ecosystem are turning out to be fragile in nature . The fragile nature
somehow or the other will have an influence on the human beings.
The time has come for us to: