2. Main Points
• Concept: Satellites and spacecrafts
• Spacecrafts
• History of spacecrafts
• Manned spacecrafts and spaceplanes
• Satellites, in orbit and services
• Types of satellites
• NASA
3. Concept
• A spacecraft is a
vehicle or device
designed for travel or
operation outside the
Earth’s atmosphere
• A satellite is an
spacecraft that orbits
the Earth, the moon,
or another celestial
body.
5. Spacecrafts
• A spacecraft is a vehicle designed
to fly in outer space.
• They are used for
communications,
meteorology, earth
observation, navigation, space
colonization, planetary
exploration,
transportation of humans and
cargo.
• Just 24 nations actually have
spacefaring technology; the most
important ones are Russia,
the United States, the member
states of the European Space
Agency, the Republic of China,
Japan.
6. History of Spacecrafts
• The name of the first
artificial spacecraft which
was launched into an
elliptical low Earth orbit
by the Soviet Union in
1957 was Sputnik .
• As it reached the space
new political, military,
technological, and
scientific developments
took place.
7. Manned spacecrafts
• Manned spacecraft (spaceships) are large
satellites able to put humans into (and
beyond) an orbit, and return them to Earth.
• As of 2011, only 3 nations have flown
manned spacecraft: USSR/Russia, USA, and
China
• The 1st spaceship was Vostok 1, which
carried Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin into
space in 1961, and completed a full Earth
orbit.
• The 2nd spaceship was Freedom 7 in 1961
carrying American astronaut Alan Shepard.
8. Spaceplanes
• Some reusable vehicles have
been designed only for manned
spaceflight, and these are often
called spaceplanes.
• The first automatic partially
reusable spacecraft was
the Buran (Snowstorm),
launched by the USSR in 1988,
although it made only one flight.
10. Satellites
• A satellite is an artificial object which has been
intentionally placed into orbit
• Satellites are used for a large number of
purposes, including military and civilian Earth
observation satellites, communication, navigation
satellites, weather satellites, and research
satellites.
• The name of the first artificial satellite in 1957
was Sputnik .
11. Satellites in orbit
• About 6,600 satellites have
been launched. The latest
estimates are that 3,600 remain
in orbit. Of those, about 1,000
are operational; the rest have
lived out their useful lives and
are part of the space debris.
• Satellites are usually semi-independent
computer-controlled
systems.
12. Satellite services
• Fixed satellite services: handle
hundreds of billions of voice, data, and
video transmission tasks across all
countries and continents between
certain points on the Earth's surface.
• Mobile satellite systems: help connect
remote regions, vehicles, ships, people
and aircraft to other parts of the world
and/or other mobile or stationary
communications units, in addition to
serving as navigation systems.
• Scientific research satellites
(commercial and noncommercial):
provide meteorological information,
land survey data (e.g. remote sensing),
Amateur (HAM) Radio, and other
different scientific research
applications.
14. NASA
• The National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) is the United States
government agency that is responsible for the
civilian space program as well as
for aeronautics and aerospace research.
• NASA collaborate in the Apollo moon landing
missions and other important programs
• NASA shares data with various
national and international
organizations.
