Este documento resume la rotura prematura de membranas (RPM), incluyendo definiciones, incidencia, factores de riesgo, etiología, diagnóstico, complicaciones y manejo de la RPM a término y pretérmino. La RPM ocurre en alrededor del 10% de los embarazos y es una causa frecuente de parto pretérmino. El diagnóstico se basa en la historia clínica y examen físico. El manejo depende de la edad gestacional y la presencia de infección,
Sexually transmitted infections and other co-infections increase risk, possibly by increasing HIV viral load in the genital tract. ARV agents, as we will discuss later, lower the risk of MTCT. Preterm childbirth, placental disruption, as may occur with abruption or chorioamnionitis, and invasive fetal monitoring may increase risk of transmission. A recent meta-analysis of more than 4500 mother-newborn pairs found that duration of membrane rupture has a dramatic effect on MTCT, with an approximate 2% increase in risk per each hour of rupture. Mode of childbirth also affects risk of transmission. We will discuss this in more detail later. Finally, as has already been noted, timing and duration of breastfeeding and other practices related to breastfeeding affect risk of MTCT.
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