The document provides background information on Lebanon, including: 1) Beirut is the capital of Lebanon, which was originally part of Phoenicia and was an early center of writing and trade in the region. 2) Lebanon faces several environmental issues like pollution, coastal water pollution from oil spills, and deforestation which have damaged its landscape and economy. 3) Hezbollah, a Shiite militant group, seized control of parts of Beirut in deadly clashes in 2008, exacerbating political tensions in the country.