1. Air Barrier Paper
 A sheet material used
as both a vapor
retarder and an air
barrier. Here it is
serving as a barrier
against weather
elements while
renovations are
completed.

2. Attic Ventilation
 Attics are ventilated to allow
water vapor to escape, and to
keep the house cooler during
the summer by preventing the
buildup of solar heat conducted
through the roofing and roof
sheathing. It is advantageous to
ROOF TURBINE
have both low and high vents.
Work to
pull
exhaust
moist, and
hot air
RIDGEassemblyVENT
outside
from your A long, open
attic. that allows air to circulate
GABLE VENT:
in and out of a gable roof
Used for exhausting excess
at the edge.
heat and humidity from an
attic.
SOFFIT VENT:
An opening under the eave of a
roof, used to allow air to flow into the
attic or the space below the roof
sheathing.

3. Backhoe
 A backhoe is a piece
of excavating
equipment
consisting of a
digging bucket on
the end of a two-part
articulated arm.
Backhoes are used
to pick up and move
fill. The bucket of the
one shown is 21”
wide.

4. Batterboards
 A temporary frame built
just outside the corner of
an excavation to carry
marks that lie on the
surface planes of the
basement that will be
built in the excavation.

5. Brick Arches
JACK ARCH ROMAN ARCH
KEYSTONE

6. Brick Bonds
Header
Flemish Bond: alternating
between header and stretcher
in the course. , with the
headers centered over the
stretchers in intervening
Sailor
courses.
Running Bond: all
stretchers.
Soldier
Rowlock
Stretcher
Rowlocks

7. Brick Sizes
The brick above is w x 8” x 2 ¼”. This The brick above is w x 7 5/8” x 2 ¼”. This
brick is a standard brick and the width brick is a modular brick and the width
should be between 3 ½” and 3 5/8”. should be between 3 ½” and 3 5/8”.

8. Bulldozer
 A powerful machine for pushing
earth or rocks, used in road
building, farming, construction,
and wrecking; it consists of a
heavy, broad steel blade or plate
mounted on the front of a tractor.
The blade may be lifted and
forced down by hydraulic rams.
For digging, the blade is held
below surface level; for
transporting, it is held at the
surface level; and for spreading, it
is held above the surface level as
the tractor moves forward.

9. 3. Stone, Random Ashlar
Cladding
Wood shingles are thin, tapered
slabs of wood sawn from short
pieces of tree trunk. Wood
shakes are split from the wood
rather than sawn, and are thicker
with a much more irregular face
texture. I am guessing they are
wood shingles.
2. EIFS
1. Brick
4. Wood Boards 5. Wood Shingles

10. Code Requirements
The tread of these stairs is 10” and
Egress from each bedroom:
the riser is 10” also.
A minimum clear opening of 5.7
square feet
These stairs do not meet code
Minimum clear opening height of because they are less than the
24” minimum of 3 feet wide. They do
have the continuous handrail and
Minimum clear opening width of 20” adequate head room.
Because the tread is 10” it violates
Bottom of clear opening not more
than 44” AFF the code of a max vertical rise of 7
½“, but it does have the minimum
This window is 42”x52” and meets horizontal run of 10 in.
code.

11. Concrete Joints
Isolation joints are used to relieve flexural stresses due to
vertical movement of slab-on-grade applications that adjoin
fixed foundation elements such as columns, building or
machinery foundations, ect. The isolation joint seen here is
displaying the light post is isolated from the slab.

12. Concrete Masonry Units
 A block of hardened concrete,
with or without hollow cores,
designed to be laid in the same
manner as a brick or stone; a
concrete block. The abbreviation
is CMU and that is what they are
commonly referred to.
 3 bricks heights= 1 CMU in
height
 Each full block is nominally 8
inches (200 mm) high and 16
inches (400 mm) long.
4”
block

13. Decorative Concrete Masonry
Units
RIBBED SPLIT FACED BLOCKS
SPLIT BLOCK

14. Doors Flush Door
Panel Door:
Top Rail
Transom: a small
Panel window directly above
a door.
Sidelight: a
Lock Rail tall, narrow window
along side a door.
Stile
Bottom Rail

15. Duplex receptacle:
Power outlet which
transfers electricity for
Electrical Components wires to appliances.
A service panel distributes
the electricity from wires to
receptacles throughout the
house.
Power pole with transformer This is a meter on the side of a
which converts voltage of house which measures how
several thousand volts to much electricity is used.
110/220-volt alternating current
A service head, seen to the right, is
a weatherproof entry point for
above-ground electrical wiring or
telephone lines into a home or
weatherproof entry point for above-
ground electrical wiring or telephone
lines into a home or business.

16. 1. Sill Plate
7
Framing Elements 2. Anchor Bolt
3. Floor Joist
4. Subflooring
5. Sole Plate
8 6. Stud
7. Top plate
8. Ceiling joists
9. rafter
10. Roof decking
11. sheathing
12. Stringer
3
(2nd floor were only visible)
4. Subflooring 11. Sheathing
5
6
2
12
9 1

17. Front End Loader
 Primarily used to
quot;loadquot; material into
or onto another
type of machinery
(dump
truck, conveyor
belt, feed-
hooper, rail-
car, etc.).

18. Heat Pump
 A device that utilizes a
refrigeration cycle either to heat
or to cool a building by passing
air or water over either the
condensing coils or the
evaporating coils, respectively.
 An advantage of this system is
that is has the ability to both heat
AND cool.
 A disadvantage is that it is
relatively noisy.
Compressor/
Evaporator
 The compressor is the device
compressing the refrigerant to
the desired pressure.
 The air handling unit is the
central furnace that heats air and
forces it through small supply
ducts to each room. From the
Air Handling Unit
room, the air travels back to the
furnace via a return-air duct.

19. Insulation
 The purpose of insulation is to
reduce heat flow through the
assembly
Loose Fill Batt/Blanket Foamed Rigid Board

20. Mortar
This joint is concave and it is tooled. This one is a vee joint and is also tooled.
Size: ¾” exactly. Size: ¾“
It has been used It has been used
on a house. It on a church
would most likely recreational
be type S. center. It would
probably be type
S as well.

21. Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
It is one of three types of nonveneered panels, made of long, strandlike wood
particles compressed and glued into three to five layers. The strands are oriented in the
same manner in each layer as the grains of the veneer layers in plywood. Because of the
length and controlled orientation of the strands, OSB is generally stronger and stiffer
than the other two types.

22. Plumbing
Lavatory: a basin, or bowl used for washing.
Typical piping size of 1 ½” diameter.
This plumbing vent keeps the
sewer gases out of the building.
Water Closet
This sink is an integral
sink.

23. Plywood
 A wood panel
composed of
an odd number
of layers of
wood veneer*
bonded (glued)
together under
pressure.
*Veneer: A thin layer, sheet, or facing.

24. Radiant Barrier
 A reflective
foil placed
adjacent to
an airspace
in roof or
wall
assemblies
as a
deterrent to
the passage
of infrared
energy.

25. Rebar
They are made in mills
by passing hot steel
rods through a
succession of rollers
that press them into the
desired shape. They
are round in cross
section, and the
deformations rolled into
the surface of the
reinforcing bar help it to
bond tightly to concrete.
This rebar is ½” in
diameter. It would be
referred to as a #4 bar.

26. Steep Roof Drainage
Gutter: a
Splash block: a small precast block of
channel that
collects concrete or plastic used to divert water at
rainwater and the bottom of a downspout.
snowmelt at
the eave of a
roof.
Downspout: a
vertical pipe for
conducting water
from a roof to a
lower level.

27. Steep Roof Materials
 Shingle: A small unit
of water resistant
material nailed in
overlapping fashion
with many other such
units to render a wall
or sloping roof
Metal Panels
watertight.
 The shingles below The picture below is of the underlayment. It
is a layer of waterproof material between
are metal shingles.
roof sheathing and roofing. It is applied to
protect the building from precipitation before
the roofing is applied. It also provides a
permanent second layer of defense to back
up the roofing.
Clay Tile Roof

28. Steep Roof Shapes
Gable
Mansard
Hip
Gambrel

29. Steep Roof Terms
4 3
 1. Eave: Level, low
edge of a roof.
 2. Rake: sloping edge
of a roof
 3. Ridge: The level
intersection of roof
planes at their highest
point.
 4. Valley: The sloping
intersection of two
roof planes.
 5. Fascia: Board
nailed to the lower
Building without
ends of the rafters
 fascia
6. Soffit: Encloses
rafter tails.

30. Stone
Random Rubble
Coursed Ashlar
Random Ashlar

31. Vapor Retarder
 A continuous sheet, as
nearly seamless as
possible, of plastic
sheeting, aluminum foil, kraft
paper laminated with
asphalt, or some other
material that is highly
resistant to the passage of
water vapor.
 It is most commonly installed
on the warmer side of the
insulation layer.

32. Weep Hole
 A small opening whose purpose
is to permit drainage of water
that accumulates inside a
building component or
assembly.

33. Windows
The window to the
left is an awning
window because it is
hinged at the top and
opens at the bottom.
The window
to the right is
The window above is a double
a hopper
hung window because it slides into
window
an open position.
because it is
hinged at the
bottom and
opens from
the top.