ELECTRICAL RISK MANAGEMENT AND HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION

ELECTRICAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN HAZARDOUS INDUSTRIES & SELECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES P.G. Sreejith [email_address] Kerala, INDIA [email_address]

Hydrocarbon Risks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hazardous Areas-Definitions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

COAL MININING SAFETY & CRUDE WAYS OF DETECTING METHANE GAS!! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Why Area Classification? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Why Zoning? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

AREA CLASSIFICATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

HAC as per IS 5572 is not applicable for: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Zone 0 -Typical areas (Continous grade) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How to identify Zone 1 areas (IS 5572) ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Zone 1 - Typical areas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Typical Zone 2 areas (IS 5572) ? (Secondary grade) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Safe Areas -Typical areas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

HAC- Comparison ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A FEW RELEVANT DEFENITIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION-Guidelines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ,[object Object],[object Object]

EFFECT OF AIR CURRENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

HEAVIER-THAN-AIR GASES & VAPOURS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Zones 1 or 2

LIGHTER-THAN-AIR GASES & VAPOURS ,[object Object],[object Object],Source of hazard R 4.5 m 8.0 m 4.5 m Zone 2 H<4.5m

How to classify areas? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

API RP 500- HAC Guidelines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

AREA CLASSIFICATION AS A TOOL FOR RISK ASSESSMENT A LOGICAL APPROACH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

AREA CLASSIFICATION AS A TOOL FOR RISK ASSESSMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

HAC-based Risk Assessment Matrix

AREA CLASSIFICATION AS A TOOL FOR RISK ASSESSMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

COMPARISON OF ZONES & DIVISIONS Classified area Z0 D1 Z1 Z2 D2 Time that haz. gases are present in ignitable Estimated % (Divisions) Estimated % (Z) Continuously Normally present Occasionally in normal operations Not normally present <5% >95% <2% >60% <40%

PERCENTAGE OF CLASSIFIED AREAS O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 C L A S S I F I E D A R E A S Z 0 Z 1 Z 2

HAC -RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

USEFUL REFERENCE BOOKS ON HAC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SELECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS AREAS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

TEMPERATURE CLASSIFICATION T1 T Class Max. Surface Temperature (Deg. C) 450 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 300 200 135 100 85

GAS GROUP CLASSIFICATION (based on MESG & MIE) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GAS GROUP & TEMPERATURE CLASSIFICATION-VARIOUS GASES/VAPOURS (IS 13408 Part I)

GAS GROUP & TEMPERATURE CLASSIFICATION-VARIOUS GASES/VAPOURS Gas Representative Gas Ignition Energy Group (mj) I Methane 280 II A Propane 260 IIB Ethylene 95 IIC Hydrogen 18

FLAMMABLE MIXTURE, MIG, EXPLOSION

RECOMMENDED PROTECTION METHODS FOR ZONE O ,[object Object],[object Object]

RECOMMENDED PROTECTION METHODS FOR ZONE 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],*Ex o , Ex q type equipment are also allowed for use as per IS 5571

RECOMMENDED PROTECTION METHODS FOR ZONE 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Minimum IP 55 (for UN-insulated parts) and IP 44 (for insulated parts) if Ex e protection is used for outdoor applications

EXPLOSION-PROTECTION METHODS / EQUIPMENT -Popular types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

OTHER TYPES OF EXPLOSION PROTECTION- Not so popular types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

EX ‘d’ Type FLAMEPROOF EQUIPMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],FLAMEPROOF EQUIPMENT- A MISNOMER?

FLAMPROOF (EXPLOSION-PROOF) PROTECTION (Ex ‘d’) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FLAMPROOF (EXPLOSION-PROOF) PROTECTION (Ex ‘d’) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FLAMPROOF (EXPLOSION-PROOF) PROTECTION (Ex ‘d’) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FLAMEPROOF EQUIPMENT- CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FLAMEPROOF EQUIPMENT- CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES EX d typical marking: EEx d IIB T5

INTRINSICALLY SAFE EQUIPMENT & CIRCUITS (Ex ‘i’ ) Definition as per IS 5780 ,[object Object]

INTRINSICALLY SAFE EQUIPMENT & CIRCUITS (Ex ‘i’ ) (insert a small photo) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

INTRINSICALLY SAFE EQUIPMENT- Category- Ex ib ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],EX i typical marking: EEx ia IIC T5

INTRINSICALLY SAFE EQUIPMENT ( Ex ‘i’ ) ,[object Object],[object Object]

INCREASED SAFETY EQUIPMENT ( Ex ‘e’ ) Definition as per IS 6381 A type of protection by which measures are applied so as to prevent with a minor degree of security, the possibility of excessive temperature and the occurrence of arcs or sparks in the interior and the external parts of electrical apparatus which does not produce them in normal service

INCREASED SAFETY EQUIPMENT ( Ex ‘e’ ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],EX d typical marking: EEx e IIA T3

PRESSURIZATION TYPE ( Ex ‘p’ ) Definition as per IS 7389 ,[object Object]

PRESSURIZATION TYPE ( Ex ‘p’ ) TYPES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PRESSURIZATION TYPE ( Ex ‘p’ ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PRESSURIZATION TYPE ( Ex ‘p’ ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Minimum actions of Failure of Protective Gas for Ex ‘p’

NON-SPARKING TYPE EQUIPMENT ( Ex ‘n’ ) ,[object Object],A type of protection applied to electrical apparatus such that , in normal operation it is not capable of igniting a surrounding atmosphere and a fault capable of causing ignition is not likely to occur EX n typical marking: EEx n II T5

NON-SPARKING TYPE EQUIPMENT ( Ex ‘n’ ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

POWDER FILLED TYPE EQUIPMENT ( Ex ‘q’) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

OIL IMMERSED TYPE EQUIPMENT (Ex ‘o’) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SPECIAL TYPE EQUIPMENT (Ex ‘s’) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Add an appropriate photo ,[object Object]

Insert a IP photo with gasket ,[object Object],Degree of Protection of persons against contact with or moving parts inside the enclosure & Protection Of Equipment against Solid ingress Ingress of Liquid

IP Types and Protection Details FIRST NUMERAL 0 No protection 1 Objects greater than 50 mm 2 Objects greater than 12 mm 3 Objects greater than 2.5 mm 4 Objects greater than 1.0 mm 5 Dust - protected 6 Dust tight SECOND NUMERAL 0 No protection 1 Vertically dripping 2 Angular dripping 3 Sprayed water 4 Splashed water 5 Water jets 6 Heavy seas 7 Effects of immersion 8 Indefinite immersion

Indian Standards for Various Protection Techniques ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Indian Standards for Various Protection Techniques ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS AREAS

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS AREAS (IS 5571) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS AREAS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS AREAS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS IN HAZARDOUS AREAS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS IN HAZARDOUS AREAS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS IN HAZARDOUS AREAS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS IN HAZARDOUS AREAS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS IN HAZARDOUS AREAS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VARIOUS Ex Types (except Ex d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT USED IN HAZARDOUS ARAES ARE SPECIAL AND THEY NEEDS TO BE TREATED SPECIAL”

STATUTORY REGULATIONS & APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS

Approval / Testing Agencies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Statutory Regulations For Plants Utilizing Hydrocarbons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CCoE, Department of Explosives is entrusted with the responsibility of administration of the above statutory rules in India

Statutory Regulations For Plants Utilizing Hydrocarbons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

EXTRACTS FROM PETROLEUM ACT, 1934 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

EXTRACTS FROM PETROLEUM ACT, 1934 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CMRI, Dhanbad -Approval Agency for Electrical Equipment for Use In Hazardous Areas ,[object Object],[object Object]

Equipment Approval Procedure Tests by CMRI Approval by CMRI ISI Certification (Tests by CMRI) as per applicable Indian Standards ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Drawing and prototype submittal to CMRI

ELECTRICAL SAFETY AUDITING IN HAZARDOUS AREAS

Focus Areas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

European ATEX Directive ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Auditing Checklists ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

TOTAL RECAP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

European ATEX Directive ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CHOLAMANDALAM AXA RISK SERVICES LTD. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

LET US MAKE OUR REFINERIES SAFER !!! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ELECTRICAL RISK MANAGEMENT AND HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION

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ELECTRICAL RISK MANAGEMENT AND HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION