11. E.G. THE FOURTH AMENDMENT TO THE U.S.
CONSTITUTION AND THE DATA PROTECTION ACT
OF 1988 IN UNITED KINGDOM
12. World leading surveillance schemes
Lack of accountability and data breach disclosure law
Commissioner has few powers
Interception of communications is authorised by politician,
evidence not used in court, and oversight by
commissioners who reports only once a year upon
reviewing a subset of applications
Hundreds of thousands of requests from government
agencies to telecommunication providers for traffic data
Data retention scheme took a significant step forward
with the quiet changes based on EU law
Plans are merging regarding surveillance of
communications networks for the protection of
copyrighted content
Despite data breaches, “joined-up government”
individuals continue
Privacy and Human Rights 2006 http:www.privacyinternational.org
13. Constitutional Protection
Identity Cards and Biometrics
Data Sharing
Visual Surveillance
Communication Interception
Surveillance of Medical, Financial, and Movement
Border and Trans-border Issues
Leadership
Privacy and Human Rights 2006 http:www.privacyinternational.org
14. Map developed from http://english.freemap.jp
Privacy and Human Rights 2006 http:www.privacyinternational.org
16. Microwave Video S.W.A.T. Remote
Pocket Camera Receiver Kit Control Cam
$295 $5,315 $8,500
High Resolution
Long Range Surveillance
CCTV syst $1,650
Lance $6,150
Covert Systems.com – Law enforcement products www.covert–systems.com
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Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/click_online/7375772.stm
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Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/click_online/7380645.stm
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Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/tonyfish/my-digital-footprint
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Discovery Communications, LLC, 2009. Your Digital Footprint [Online]
Available at: http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/koppel/interactive/interactive.html
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eHow, Inc. 1999 – 2009. How to Track Your Digital Footprint with iGoogle Widgets [Online]
Available at: http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_2161698_track-digital-footprint-igoogle-widgets.html?cr=1
[Accessed: 13 Dec 2009]
Electronic Privacy Centrum, Domestic Surveillance [Online]
Available at: http://epic.org/features/surveillance.html
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EMC Corporation , 2009. The Digital Universe is Still Growing [Online]
Available at: http://www.emc.com/digital_universe
[Accessed: 13 Dec 2009]
20. Privacy International, 2007. The 2007 International Privacy Ranking [Online] (Updated 28 Dec 2007)
Available at: http://www.privacyinternational.org/article.shtml?cmd[347]=x-347-559597
[Accessed: 13 Dec 2009]
Kaag, J. J. 2008. Another Question Concerning Technology: The Ethical Implications of Homeland Defence and Security
Technologies . Homeland Security Affairs [Online]
Vol. IV No 1 Jan 2008
Available at: http://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=4.1.2
[Accessed: 13 Dec 2009]
Weaver, S., D., Gahegan, M. 2007. Constructing, Visualizing and Analysing a Digital Footprint. Geographical Review, [Online]
Vol. 97 Issue 3, p 324 – 350, 2 Charts 9BW
Available at: Web.ebschost.com http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=105&sid=6f27dd6c-7f4e-40a6-85c8-
345905f6f749@sessionmgr110&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#bib3
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