SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 7
Baixar para ler offline
·§©À½XªºµwÅé³]-p°òó¶}ñìl
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ¶À·ù³Ó


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ºK            -n

                                                                                     ¶}©ñ-ìl½X³nÅ骺¨Ï¥Î²v´£°¡A¤]ý·ó§@¼Ò¦iBaJµwpíÓÖt«¬{                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ¬OÅýµwé³]-p¯à°÷±q¨Ï¥Î¶}·½X

³nÅ骺µêÀ]-p¡A¶i¤J¨ì¹«¬»sy·í£L}½Xw¦b§²á´Ò¼{ÄòÏ¥Î̱HMQd°ÝÃD@                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ¨Ó¤~¯à°÷Åý¶}·½Xµwé³]-pªºÆ[

©À¡A§ó¥[´²G¤Î¬°¦hH¨ÏC



ÃöÁäµü¡J¶}©ñ-ìl½X¡B¶}·½XµwÅé¡B¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µÄò¡B±M§Q




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ¤@¡B«e¨¥

                                                                                                                                          ±a¦³¶}©ñ-ìl½XÄÝʪº·µwÅ餧ҥHΨ¡AnÂkó³¹B°¿_¦ÛÑòª÷·|b                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             1984 ¦~®É¡A±À°Ê¤F¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé°ò¦ªº                                                    GNU -pµe [1]¡A¥H
                                                              ¤Î¦ñÀH¨Ï¥Îªº                                                                                                                       GPL ³nÅé±Âv¡A³o¬O¤@-ÓÅýµ{¦¡¶}oªÌ¦b´²§G³nÅé®É¡A¥²¶·ªþ±aµ{¦¡½XÅý«áÄò¶}µoªÌ¯à°÷Æ[¬Ý¨Ã¥B-ק諸±ÂÅv¨óij¡A¦b³o¼ËªºÒ¦¡¤§U¡A°£¤F¦Û
                                                              ¥Ñ¨ÏΤ§~¡A¤]-n¼i¦æ-קï«á¥²¶·¤ñÓP¼ËÒ¦¡¤À¨Éªº¸q°ÈA¦Ó¤§«áb³o¼Ëªº¹B§@Ò¦¡¤U¡A¥t¤@-ӦۥѳnÅé¨t²Î                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Linux ¨t²Î´N¿³°_¤F¡C


                                                                                                                                          Linux ¥»¨-³o-ÓÃþ¦ü                                                                        Unix ªº¨t²Î®Ö¤ß¡A¬O§@ªÌ                                                                                     Linus Torvalds [2]¦b¤j¾Ç®É¦]¬°»Ý-nÃþ¦ü                      UNIX ¨t²ÎªºÀô¹Ò©½s¼g¡A·í¤f°t¤F³¦h                                                                     GNU -pµe¤Uªº¬ÛÃö³nÅé
                                                              ¤Îu¨ã¡A¨Ï±o³o-Ó¨t²Î¦³¶V¨Ó¶V§¹³Æªº¥¯à¡A¨Ã¥B¦b¦øªA¾¹¥«³õ¤Wvº¥¦a³Q¹B¥Î¡C


                                                                                                                                          ¦b linux ¨t²Î¿³±¡A¨Ã¥B¬Ûö¦Ñ³nÅé¤]³vº¥¬y¦æ®É¡A¦b³o¼Ëµ{¦¡³nÅé¶}©ñªº®Ø¬[¤U¡A¶}©ñ-ìl½X¤½¥q³vº¥¦b³nÅé·~¬É¹ñSÀY¨¤¡A¤H-̵o²{¶}©ñ-ìl½X¬[                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ºc
                                                              ¤Uªº°Ó·~¹B§@¼Ò¦¡A³QÃÒ¹ê¥i¦æ¤§«á¡AµwÅé¤uµ{®v-Ì«K¶}©l«ä¦ÒbµwÅé³]-pªº¬yµ{·í¤¡A°Ñ¦Ò¶}·½X³nÅ骺¥i¦æ©Ê¡A¦Ó³Ì¥ý¶}©l³o¼Ëªº¶}·½X¹B                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          §@¤è¦¡A¬O»P³n
                                                              Åé³Ì¬°ÛÃöªº´¹¤ù                                                                                                                                  IC ³]-p¶}µo¡C
OpenCores.org ´N¬O¦]¦¹½Ï¥Íªº²Õ´                                                                                                                                                          [3]¡A³Ð¿ì¤H                                 Damjan Lampret ¦¨¥ß¤F³o-Ó¶}©ñ´¹¤ù³]-pªºÀ¸s¡A¥D-nªº¥¯à¬O¦b©ó¡A°£¤FÅý¤H-̳z¹L¤¬Û¶}©ñÀ¨É´y-z
IC ´¹¤ùµwÅ饯઺                                                                                                                           VHDL »y¨¥-ì©l½X¡A§ó-«nªº¬O¡A³z¹L³o¼Ë¤À¨É´¹ù³]-p·í¤ª¿´¼°]ªº¤è¦¡A¤]´Nµ¥©óÃþ¦üb¾ÉÅé·~í¤¡A±`¨£ªº¤½©¹B§@¼Ò¦¡A¦]¦¹b¤@
¨Ç¬ãµo¤Wªº¹Á¸Õ¦¨¥»¡A¦ÛµM´N¥i¥H-°§C¡A¦Ó¤£P©ó°Ó·~¤½¥q´£¨Ñª¸g¤ùªº¦a¤è¦b©ó¡A                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        OpenCores ¤À¨É¥X¨Óªº´¹¤ù³]-p¡A¬O²³¤H¦@P¦X§@ªº¦¨G¡C


                           ¦Ób                                                                        IC ´¹¤ùªº¶}·½X¶}µo¼Ò¦¡§Î¨¤«áAªþ¥[¦b                                                                                                                                 IC ´¹¤ù§Wªºql²£«~¡A¤]¥X²{¤FÃþ¦üªº¶}µo±M®×¡A¥H³Ìªñ°ê¤º¥X¦Wªº®×¨ÒÓ»¡A²ö¹L©ó¤j²³¹q¸£»P
OpenMoko ¦X§@±À¥Xªº¤â¾÷                                                                                                                                                  Neo 1973[4]¡C¸Ó-pµeªº¤â¾÷²£«~¡A°£¤F¦b³nÅ骺±Ä¥Î§¡¬O¥H¶}·½X³nÅ鬰¥D¡AµwÅé¤è-±]§¹¥þ±ÄΦ³                                                                                                                                                                          GPL ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªºwÅ餸¥óA
¦Ó¥B                                                                 OpenMoko »P FIC ªº¦X§@¡A¤w¸gÅý²£«~¥¿¦¡¶q¤WA¶}µoªÌ¬Æ¦Ü¤£»Ý-n³v¤@¦Ûæ²Õ¸Ë¡A¤j´T-°§C°w¹ï                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Linux ¤â¾÷¶}µo¨Ï¥ÎªºùÂe¡C




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ³]-pªº¯S©Ê¤G¡B¶}·½XµwÅé

                                 ¤£¦P©ó°Ó·~½¥qªºÀç¹B³]-p¼Ò¡A¶}XµwÅé±M®×©¨ãƦ¥H¤UTºØʽèJ


1.¸û¬°¶}©ñªºk«ßOÅ@©Ê½è


                                                                                          ¦b¤@¯ë°Ó·~¼Ò¦¡¤U¹B§@ªº³]-p¼Ò¦¡                                                                                           [5]¡A³q±`£¬OÂk³]-p®v©ÒÄݪº¤½¥q¦³¡A¨Ã¥B¸Ó©Ò¦³Åv³q±`£¦bµÛ§@Åv¡B°Ó·~¾÷±K¨ó©wM±M§Qªkªº«OÅ@¤U¡A©Ò¥H³q±`
«Ü¤Ö¬Ý¨ì@-Ó°·~³]-pªº²£«~-I«á¡A¨S¦³¥]§t¬ÛÃöªº«O±K¨ó©w¡C


                                                                                          ¤]¦]¬°Ó·~Ävª§º«OÅ@-ì«h¡A³]-p®v³q±`¤]¤£¯à¦Xªk¦a¨ú¥Î¡B©Î»s³y¨ä¥L-ì¥ý´N¤w¸g¦s¦b©ó¥«-±¤Wªº³]-p¡A°£«D¸Ó¥ý³Ð]-p¬OÂk¸Ó³]-p®v¤½¥q©Ò                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ÄÝ¡A¦Ó¤ñ
¸û¤jªº¤½¥q³±`³£·|¦b²£«~ªº§ï¨}¤á¡Aªþ±a«Ø¥ß¤F¬ÛÃöªº±M§Q®w¡A¥Î¨Ó«OÅ@¦Û¤vªº²£«~¡A¨Ã¥B§@¬°±N¨Ó©M¦P·~¦b¥«³õÄvª§·í¤º½ÍP¤u¨ã¡C¦Ó                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ¹ï©ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌÓ
»¡A²£«~³Ìרì¥L-̤âW¤§«á¡A¦b¦p¦¹¼h¼h«OÅ@ªº±¡p¤U¡A¥L-̤]¨S¦³¿ìªkª½±µ¦a´N¥h¤F¸Ñ¥L-ÌÁʶRªº©Ò¦³«¡A¨s³º¬O¦p¦óa¹B§@¡C


                                                                                          Ãö©ó³o¤è-±¡A¥Ñ©ó¨Ã«D¥Ñ±MÄݲÕ´©Î¬O-Ó¤H©Ò³Ðy¡A¶}·½XµwÅé³]-pªº©Ò¦³Åv¡A©¹¬OÄÝ©óÒ¦³Ð§@¤H¦@¦P©Ò¦³¡A¸Ó³]-p¥»¨-¶ÈüìµÛ§@Åvªkªº                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   «OÅ@¡A¦Ó
¤£¹³@¯ë°Ó·~³]-pªº¹B§@¡A·|¥Î-«ªk«ß¨ÓOÅ@¡A¤§©Ò¥H¤£±Ä¨ú¦p¦P°Ó·~³]-p¤½¥q¯ëªºk«ßOÅ@±¹¬I¡A¨ä-ì¦]¦b©ó¡A¶}·½XµwÅ骺¥XµoÂI¡A¬O§Æ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ±æµwÅé³]-p¥»¨-
¥i¥H³Q¼sªx¦a¹B¥Î¡A¨Ã¥B¾Ö¦³¤£Â_¦a©µÄòÊ¡C


                                                                                          ¦b³o¼Ëªº¦@¨Éºë¯«·í¤¡A¦n³B¤]¦b©ó¶}·½XµwÅé³]-p¥i¥H¤£Â_¦a³Q-«½Æ¨Ï¥Î¡A¦Ó³]-p®v¤]¥i¥H¤£³Q-©w¦a¨Ó§ï}¤ÎÏ¥-즳ªº]-p¡A¦Ó¥B³z¹L³o                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ¼Ëªºsªx
2.·f°t¦Û¥Ñ«×¸û°ªº³nÅé¤u¨ã


                                                                                                                           °£¤F¸û¬°¶}©ñªºk«ßÄÝ©Ê¡A¶}·½XµwÅé-pµe³q±`¦b¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Îªº³nÅé¤u¨ã¤W                                                                                                                                      [6]¡A¤]¤j¦h·|«ü©w¨ã¦³P¼Ë¶}©ñÄÝʪº¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé¡A¦]¬°ß¦³¿ï¾ÜP¼Ë¤]¬O¥H¶}©ñ
¬°-ì«hªº³nÅé¤u¨ã¡A¤~¯à½T«O³nÅé¤u¨ã¯à°÷t¦X¤é«áªº¶}µo¤u§@¡A¦pªG¦]¬°µwÅé¶}o¤³~¡A¦³¤£Pªº»Ý¨Dµo¥Í¡A¶}·½X³nÅé¤]¯à°÷¦]¬°¨ä¶}©ñÊ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ¡A¦Ó¹ï©ó·sªº»Ý
¨D°µ¥X³Ì§Öªº-×¥¿¡A¨Ã¥B¤]¤£·|¦³¥²¶V°Ó¥Î³nÅé¨ÑÀ³°Ó§´óªº±¡ÎC


                                                                                                                           ¤£¹L¦³®É-Ô¤]·|¦³¨Ò¥~ªº±¡p¡A                                                                               The Open Prosthetics Project[7]¬O¤@-Ó¶}·½XµwÅéÃþ«¬ªº¸qϱM®×-pµe¡A§Æ±æ¯àÂǥѦÛÄ@ªÌ-´£¨µLÀvªº³]-p¡A³Ì²×¯à°÷
»s§@¥X§C³y»ùªº¸qÏ¡A¨Ã¥B³z¹LªÀ¸s¤¬°Êªºè¦¡A¤]¯à§Ö³t¦a§ï¨}»s§@¥H²Å¦X¨Ï¥ÎªÌ»ÝD¡A¦Ób³o-Ó±M®×-pµe¤¡A¥Ñ©ó                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Alibre Design ´£¨Ñ¸Ó¤½¥q§K¶Oªº»´¶q©
CAD ³nÅé§@¬°ÃÙU¡A©Ò¥H¦¹±M®×ªº±ÀÂ˨ϥΤu¨ã´N¨Ã«D¶}·½X³nÅé¡C


3.¦h¤H¦@P¦X§@ªº¨óÀô¹Ò


                                                                                                                           ¶}©ñ-ìl½Xªº¦¨¥¡A°£¤F¨ä¶}©ñ¤Î¦Û¥Ñ´²§Gªº¯S©Ê¤§¥~¡A³Ì¤jªº¯S¦â´N¦b©ó¦h¤H¨ó§@ªº©Ê½è¡A¤@-Ó¶}·½XµwÅ骺±M®×¡A¦pªG³£-n-ʾa¤@-Ó¤H¥h§¹                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ¦¨¡A¨º»ò
±M®×§¹¦¨ªº¾÷²v¡A°£¤F·|°¾§C¤§¥~¡A¤]·|©µªø§¹¦¨º®É¶¡A¦b²Ä¤@ÂI¯S©Ê·í¤]´£¨ì¡A¶}·½XµwÅ骺³]-p¡A´N¬O¬°¤FÅý§ó¦h¤H¯à°÷¹B¥Î¡A¬Û¹ï¦a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ¦b¶}µo¤W¡A¤]¥i
¥H-ɧU²³¤Hªº¤O¶q¨Ó§¹¦¡A³q±`¤@-Ó¶}·½XµwÅ骺±M®×¡A¦b¶}©l¤§«á¡A´N·|¦³¤@-Ó§¹¾ãªº·©À¥Ø¼Ð¡A¦ÓpªG¨ä¥L¹ï¸Ó¶}·½XµwÅé±M®×¦³¿½ìªº¤H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ¡A´N·|«e©¹¤F
¸Ñ¡A¨Ã¥B¨ó§U±M®×µo°_¤H§¹¦¨-q©wªº¥Ø¼Ð¡A¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó´N¥i¥H¶§Q¦a§¹¦¨¶}·½XµwÅé±M®×¡C


                                                                                                                           ³z¹L³o¼Ëªº¤è¦¡A¤]¦³¥X²{»¨-°µ¬¤@-Ó¥x¡AÅý¨ä¥L¤H¤]¥i¥H¦@¦P¨Ï¥Îªº±¡§A                                                                                                                                                                      ThinkCycle[8]´N¬O¹B¥Î³o¼Ëªº¤@-Ó覡b¹B§@ªº²Õ´¡A¨ä¥Ø¼Ð¬O§Æ±æÀ
°Ê¤@-Ó¶}·½XµwÅé³]-pªº¤åÆ¡A¨Ï¥ÎªÌi¥H¨ìäºô¯¸¤Wµù¥U¤§«á¡A³]©w¤@-ÓÃöó¶}·½XµwÅ骺¥Ø¼ÐDÃD©Î·§À¡AÅý¨ä¥L¤H°Ñ»P¨Ã¥B¹ê¦æ¡A©Î¬O°Ñ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 »P²{¦³ªº¬ÛÃö¥D
ÃD±M®×¡A³z¹L³o¼Ë¨ó§@ªº¤è¦¡Ó¹F¦¨³]-pµwÅé±M®×ªº¬ã¨s¡C




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ¤T¡B¶}·½Xµwªº§Ö³t¦¨«¬t²Î
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Åé

                                              ·í¶}½XµwÅ骺³]-p¼Ò¦¡Av¥b¹q¤l²£«~WQÃêiæ§áoËè]³º©µwÅé¥Æ[-pª»â°ìÂX±i¡AÑó~¤u·]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                -p»â°ì¡A
¤]@ª½¦b´ÂV¼Æìºè¶iæ¡A³oËtÅÜ¥¿nH·f°}½Xµw骺®C
5000 ª÷¥H¤W¡A¬°¤FÀ£§C
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ÿ
¨Ï¥Î¦»¡A¥H¤Î¹ï©ó§Ö³t¦¨«¬°µ¥X¾ãÅéyµ{ªº¬ã¨s¡A¦b¶}·½XµwÅé¤è-±]¥X²{¤F¤G-Ó»P§Ö³t¦¨«¬ÛÃöªºµwÅé±M®×¡A¤À§O¬O                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             RepRap[9]¥H¤Î               Fab@home[10]¡C


1.RepRap


                                -pµeªºµo°_¤H                                                Adrian Bowyer ¥ô±Ð©ó-^°ê                                                                         BATH ¤j¾Ç¡A¦³Å²©ób                                                      2005 ¦~ªº®É-Ô¡A§C¶¥ªº°ÓÎßÅé§Ö³t¦¨«¬¾÷¡A³Ì¤Ö£»Ý-n¦b                                                                                                                                 3 ¸U¬üª÷¥H¤W¡A¨Ã¥B»s³y¦¨«~ªº
¦¨¥»b¨C¥ß¤è½À                                                                             2 ¬üª÷¥k¡A©Ò¥H¨M©w¦Ûæ»s§@³QºÙ¬°                                                                                                               FDM ®g¥X¦¨«¬ªº§Ö³t¦¨«¬¾÷¡A¨Ã¥B¦b                                                                                    2005 ¦~         11 ¤ë»s§@¥X¡A¸Ó¦¨«¬¾÷·í¤-t³d®g¥X¦¨«¬ªº-n¤¸¥ó                                                                                       Mk
II fused deposition extruder¡C


                                2006 ¦~                          10 ¤ë¡A²Ä¤@¥x                                                    RepRap -쫬¾÷¥¿¦¡²Õ¸Ë§¹¨A·í¤±Ä¥ÎF                                                                                                          GPL ªº±ÂÅv¤è¦¡¶}©ñA-쫬¾÷¨Ã¥B¸g¹L´ú¸Õ¦¨¥¹B§@¡AÁöµM¨äºë·Ç«×¸û®t¡A¤£¹L¥Ñ©ó¦¨»
¸û§C¡Aªá¶O                                                   400 ¤¸¬üª÷»P°Ó¥Î¾÷ºØ¬Û¤ñ¡A¤´¦³¬Û·íjªÅ¶¡¥i¥H§ïµ½¡A¦Ó¸-pµe¤]¨Ì«ùÄò¦b§ï¶i·í¤¡A¦Ü¤µ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2008 ¦~                       1 ¤ë¥÷¡A-pµeºô¯¸¤©Ò®i¥Üªº                                             RepRap 1.0 ³W
®æ                        Darwin¡A©Ò¦³»Ý-n²Õ¸Ëªº¹s¥ó³c°â»ù¦ì¤j¬ù¦b                                                                                                                                       299 ¼Ú¤¸¥ªk¡A©w¦ì·Ç½T«×¥i¨ì                                                                               0.1mm¡A«pÁ¡«×¬ù°                                    0.5mm¡A¦b-pµeºô¯¸¤W¤]¤w¸g¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¥¿¦¡®g¥Xªº¦¨«~H¤Î
¨Ï¥Îܽd¡AÁöµMªí-±¥Ñ©ó                                                                                                    FDM ®g¥X¦¨«¬²£Íªº¯¾¸ôû¤-ã¡A¦ý¬O¤w¸g¥i¥H²£¥Í»P¹êª«±µñº¼Ò¬¨ÓϥΡC


                                ÁöµM³Ìªì©Ò-n¹F¨ìªº¥Ø¡A¬O§Æ±æÅý                                                                                                                   RepRap ¯à°÷³Ì«áµo®i¬°¦Ûæ¥Í²£½Æ»s¥Xt¤@¥x                                                                                                                   RepRap¡C³z¹LÅý                              RepRap ¼Æ¶qªºW¥[¡A¾÷¹ªº»ù®æ¦¨¥¤~¯à³±j¶^¡A
¤£¹L                             RepRap ¥»¨-ªº¦¤w¸g¬Û¸û¤§U·íC·G¡A©Ò¥H¥i¥Hª½±µ¥Î¨ÓϦb§Ö³t¦¨«¬·í¤¡C


2.FAB @ HOME


                                ¸Ó¾÷¹¬O¥Ñ¬ü°ê±d¤Dº¸¤j¾Çªº                                                                                                  Hod Lipson ±Ð©M¨ä³Õ¤h¬ã¨s¥Í                                                                             Evan Malone ©Ò¦@¦P¬ãµo¡A»P                                                                 RepRap ¬Û¦P¡A±N¾÷¹²Õ¸Ë»P¹B§@¾÷¨î§¹¥þ¤½¶}¡A³z¹L
Fab@Home ªºô¯¸¡A¥i¥HÁA¸Ñ¦p¦ó°Ê¤â»s§@¸Ó¾÷¹ªº§ã¤å¥ó¡A¤£¦P©ó                                                                                                                                                                                                                        RepRap ªº¦a¤è¦b©ó¡A                                                    FAB@ HOME ±Ä¥Îªº¬O¤À¨É±j¨î©Ê¸û§Cªº                                                                                BSD ±ÂÅv¡A¥Ø«e¦b¦¨¥»
¤W¡A Fab@ Home ªº¾÷¹»s§@¶O¥Î¡A¤j¬ù¸¨¦b                                                                                                                                                     2,000 ¤¸¥ªkªº¦Û»s²Õ¸Ë¦¨¥»¡AÁʶR¤w²Õ¸Ë§¹¦¨ªº¾÷¬ù»Ýá¶O
                                                                                                                                                                                                     ¬ü                                                                                                                                                                                                3600 ¬üª÷¥k¡A¦Ó¨äºë·Ç«×¡A¦pªG·f°t¸û¤£©ö¬y
¥XÅܧΪº÷®Æ¡A¥i¥H¤ñ                                                                                            0.1mm §óºë²Ó¡Aºë·Ç«×³Ì¦h¥i¹F                                                                                        0.025mm¡C


                                FAB@ HOME ªº»s³y»ù®æ¸û¬°©¶Q¡A¤£¹L¸ÓµwÅé¥i¨Ï¥Îªº§÷½è¸û¤£ü-î¡A¹³¬O¥Û»I¡BÄú¡B§Cº²ÂIª÷Äݵ¥¡A³£¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó§@¬°®g¥X¦¨«¬ªº§÷®Æ¡Aºô¯¸¤W¬Æ
¦Ü¥½d¥H¥i¹ê¥Î§÷½è¡A¨Ò¦p¥©§J¤O§@¬°®g¥X-ì®Æ¡C¤£¹L                                                                                                                                                                                  FAB@ HOME ¨ä¹B§@³t«×¨Ì¸ûºC¡A¸Ó-pµeºô¯¸¤W¤]´£¥X¡A¦pªG-n¨Ï¥Î©ó°Ó·~³¡A«ØijÁÙ¬OÁʶR°Ó¥Î
¾÷ºØª§Ö³t¦¨«¬¾÷¸û°ê·í¡A                                                                                                                    FAB@ HOME ¶È¨Ñ-Ó¤H¤Î±Ð¾Ç¬ã¨s¥Î³~¬°¨äD-n¥Øªº¡C


                                ¶}·½XµwÅé°£¤F´£¨Ñ¸û§C¦¨¥»ªºÀu¶Õ¡AÅý¤@¨Ç¸û§C¶¥¡B¸û§Cºë·Ç«×ª§Ö³t¦¨«¬Ï¥Î»ÝD¡A¯à°÷³Qº¡¨¬¤§¥~A¥t¥~¤@-Ӥ豪º´Á³¡A«h¬O¥Ñ©ó¨äµw                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Åé¶}©ñªº
ÄÝ©Ê¡A¥iÅý¦P¼Ë¦³¬ÛÃö»Ý¨Dªº¨Ï¥ÎÌ¡A¤]¯à°÷Ñ»P¤W-zªº¶}·½X§Ö³t¦¨«¬t²Î¡A¨Ã¥B¤©¥H§ïµ½¡C
¥|¡B¶}·½Xµw³]-p»PÄò³]-pªº¤¬¸É©Ê
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Åé ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µ

                           ¶Ç²Î£«~³]-p·í¤¡A£½×¬O¼Ò²Õ¤Æ©Î«È»sªº³]-p¡A²£«~¨ì¹FϥΪ̺¤âW®É¡A¨ä¥¯à©Ê³£¤w¸gQ-©¦í¤F¡AӨϥΪ̱µÄò³]-p                                                                                                                                                                                                                            [11]©Ò±j½Õªº¡A¬O§Æ±æ¨ÅÏý
¥ÎªÌ¡A°£¤F¨Ï¥Î¬J©w¥¯àªº²£«~¤§¡A¤]¯à°÷¦Û¤vµo´§³]-pªº³Ð·N¡AÅý²£«~¾Ö¦³-ì¨ÓQ½á¤©ªº¥¯à§¡AÁٯন¬°ä¥L¥Î³~ªºi¯à¡A±q¶}©ñ³]-p                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ªº¯S©Ê¨Ó¬Ý¡A¶}
·½XµwÅé»P¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µÄòºXoÂI¬O¬Û¦Pªº¡C


                           ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µÄòº²£«~¯S©Ê¥]§t¡J                                                                                                                                     (1)¨ã¥i-«·s²Õ¸Ë¤§£«~ºc¥ó                                                 (2)¨ã³Ð·N¤Íµ½¶-±                                 (3)Åý¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤£-î©ó²«~³º®e¹ï©Ê¡C


                           ¦ b³ o · í ¤ ¡ A¶ } · ½ X µ wÅ é ¦ b § ¹¦ ¨ ± M ® × ³ ]- p ¤ § « á ¡ A¦ p ª G ¯ à° ÷ ¾ Ç ² ß ¨ ì³ o ¨ Ç ³ ¡ ¥ ÷ A ± N · |¹ ï © ó ± M ® ת º § ¹ ¾ ã « צ ³ © Ò À °§ U ¡ A ¨ ä ¤ ³ Ì ¥ D - n ª º´ N ¬ O ° w¹ ï ¨ Ï ¥ Î ª ̾ Þ § @ § ï                                                                                                                                                    µ½ªº ³¡
¥÷¡A°£¤F¹q¤lµwÅ骺¹q¸ô¤§¥~¡A¶}·½XµwÅé¥i¥H³z¹LÅý¦Û¤vªº¥~³¡µ²c¡A§ïµ½¬°¨ã¦³¤è«K-²Õªºc¡A¤]§ó¥i¥HÅý«áÄòªº¨Ï¥Î̯à°÷§ó¤èK¦a°w                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ¹ï¤£¦Pªº¥Î³~°µ
§ï¨}¡A¤Íµ½ªº¶-±¥H¤Î£-¨î¥³~ªº®e¹ï©Ê¡A¹ï©ó«áÄòµwÅ骺¨Ï¥Î¤´²§G¡A³£¦¹F¨ì³Ì¤j®Ä¯qªºÀ°§U¡C


                           ÁöµM¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µÄò¦b·§©À¤W¡A»P¶}·½XµwÅ馳h¬Û¦ü¤§³B¡A¤£¹L·í¤ÁÙ¬O¦³´XÂI¤£¦Pªº¦a¤è»Ý-nª`·N¡J


                           1.±q¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µÄò»-¡A¤F¸Ñ¨ìÃö©ó±j½Õ²£«~±M§Q«OÅ@ªº¯S©Ê¡A³oÂIÁöµM»P¶}·½XµwÅé§Æ±æ¥»¨-㦳¶}©ñÊ¡A¨Ã¯à¦¬°¤½@°]ªº³¡¥÷¬ÛA¦ý¬O¶}·½                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ½ X µ wÅ é ¤ ]
¨Ã«D§¹¥þ´N-¨î«áÄòÅv§Qªº«OÅ@¡C¨Ò¦p±M§Q«OÅ@ªº¯S©Ê¡A¨ä¹ê´N¹H¤ÏF                                                                                                                                                                                                                         GPL ±ÂÅv´²§G«á¡A¦p¸g¨Ï¥Î«á°µX§ï}¡A¤]¥²¶·ÄÀXªº                  COPY LEFT ¯S©Ê¡A¦ý¬O¦pªG¤@©w
¦³¥²-n«O¦³±M§Q«OÅ@¥»¨-ªºÅv§Qªº¸Ü¡A¦b                                                                                                                                                                                           BSD ±ÂÅv¤U«o¥i¥H³Q¤¹¡C


                           ©Ò¥H¦b ¿ï¾Ü ¶}·½ XµwÅé ±Â v ®É¡A¦p ªG·í ¤ ¦³ «áÄòÅv §Q«O Å@ªº¦Ò ¶q¡A ¦b¤@ ¶}©l«Ø ¥ß±M ®× É¡A ´N¥² ¶·-n ¦Ò¶q²M ·¡ A ¦ý¬O¶} ·½ X µwÅé ±M®×¥» ¨-¡A ¤@¶}©l                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ¬O¥² ¶·¾Ö
¦³¶}©ñÊoÂI¡A¬O»P¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µÄò³]-p·í¤ªº±M§Q«OÅ@¤£¦P¡A¶}·½XµwÅé±M®×ªº±ÂÅv¡A¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü¤¹³«áÄò§¨}ªºÅv§Q³«OÅ@¡A¨Ò¦p«áÄò§ï¨}ªÌ¥i¨Ì                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ±ÂÅv¤£¦P¡A¦Ó³Q
¤¹³¥Ó½Ð·s«¬±M§Q¡A¦ý¬O±M®×¥»¨-ªº¶}©ñÊÁÙ¬O¥²¶·±q¤@¶}©l´N³Q«Ø¥ß¨ÃB«O«ù¡C


                           2.¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µÄòº²£«~¡A¬O¦b²£«~¥D-n¥Î³~¤w¸g½T¥ß¤§«á¡A©ó²£«~±À¥Xeªº¤@¶}©l¡A´N³]-p¦n«áÄòªº¨Ï¥Î̱µ¡A¨Ã¥B¦Ò¶qÜ°e¹F-Ó¤H¤âW«á¡A¯à°÷                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   µo´§¤£¦P
¥Î³~ªºi¯à©Ê¡A¥»¨-ÃS¦³±j½Õ¦@¨É³]-pªº·§©À¡A¦Ó¬O§Æ±æ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦Ûµo´§¡C


                           ¦Ó¶}·½ Xµw Åé«h ¬O¥Ñ©ó µwÅé ¥»¨-ªº ¯à ¡A©¹ ¦b±M ®×«Ø ¥ß É¡A ³£©| ¥¼«Ø ߧ¹¦¨ ¡A©Ò ¥H¬O¥² ¶· ý ±j½Õ ³z¹L¨ó §@ªº ¤è¦¡ A ¹F¨ì §¹¦ ³]-p²£ «~¥» ¨-ªº Î                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ³~¡A ¦Ó§ï
¨}¥H¤Î«áÄò¨ä¥L¥Î³~µo®iªº¥i¯à©Ê¡A«h¬O«áÄò¤~-n¦Ò¶qªº³¡¥÷A·í¤ªºÀu¥ý¶§Ç¸û¬°¤£¦P¡A¨Ã¥B¥Ñ©ó«áÄòªº§ï¨}¤Îµo´§¡A¤]¬O-ʾa¦h¤H¨ó§@ªº©Ê                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ½è¤~¥i¯à²£¥Í¡A
³oÂI¥²¶·-n¦³©Ò¤F¸Ñ¡C
¤-¡Bµ²½×

                            ³Â¬Ù²z¤uªº                                                 ERIC VON HIPPEL ±Ð                                               [12]´£¨ì¡A±q¶}©ñ-ìl½X³nÅ骺¹B§@¼Ò¦¡·í¤A¥i¥H¤F¸Ñ¨ì¤H-̹ï©ó¦Û¤v©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº«~¡A©¹·|¦³»Ý-n§ï¨}©ÎÅÜ󵲺c
ªº»Ý¨D¡A¨Ã¥B±`±`¤]¼Ö©óµLÀv´£¨Ñµ¹¥L¤H¦Û¤vªº¨Ï¥Î¸gÅç¡A¦b³o¼Ëªº³Ð·s¥ÁD¤Æªº¹Lµ{·í¤¡A§Æ±æ¯à°÷µo®i¥X¤@-Ó¥H¥Î¤á¬°ßªº³Ð·s¨t²Î¡C


                            ¶}·½XµwÅ骺µo®i¡A¤]¬O¦b³o¼Ëªº©v¦®¤U¥X²{¡A¨Ã¥B¥Ñ©ó¶}·½X³nÅ骺°t¦X¡A¨Ï±o¶}·½XµwÅ饻¨-¤]±o¥H¨Ï¥Î¼Æ¦ì¤ªº²£«~³]-pªº¬yµ{¡A¨Ò¦p¨Ï                                                                                                                                                                          ¥Î¶}·½X
ªº                3D ³nÅé±q¨ÆµêÀ³]-p¡A¦Ó¶}·½XµwÅ骺§Ö³t¦¨«¬t²Î¡A§ó¬O¹F¨ì»Î±µ¾ã-Ó¶}©ñl½X¶}µo¬[ºcªº®Ö¤ß¡AÅý¥~Æ[¤Îµ²ºc³]-p¤è-±ªº¶}·½XµwÅé¡AÀò±o                                                                                                                                                                                              ¤F½ñ¥X¹q
¸£¤Î¯ÈW§@·~ªºÀô¹Ò¡A©Î³¦bºë±K«×¤è-¡A©|¥¼¯à°÷»P°Ó·~¾÷ºØ¬Û¤ñ¡A¦ý¬O¥Ñ©ó¶}·½XµwÅ饻¨-ªº¶}©ñÊ¡A©Ò¥H¦Ü¤Öb§ï¨}¤Î«áÄòµo®i¤è-±¡A¬O                                                                                                                                                                                        ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ-i¥H¥h
´x±ªº¡C


                            ¦Ó¶}·½XµwÅé±M®×§¹¦¨«á¡A«áÄòªº§ï¨}¤è¦V¡A«h¬O¥²¶·-n¦Ò¼{¨ìϥΪ̱µÄòº°ÝÃD¡A¦pªG¯à´£¨ÑϥΪ̤è«K͵½º¶-±¡A¨Ã¥BÅý¾Þ§@¤H¦b¹J¨ì¯S                                                                                                                                                                             ®íªº»Ý¨D
     ®É¡A¤]¯à°÷«K§Q¦a§ï¨}äµ²ºc¡A¹ï©ó¦³¡¥÷¨Ó»A¤]¤£³×¬OÅý¶}·½XµwÅéÂX´²¨Ï¥Î§ó¼sªºÀuÂI¡C


                            µM¦Ó¶}·½XµwÅé¦b²{¦³ªºk«ßÀô¹Ò¤U¡A«o¤]¦³¤£§QB¡A-ì¦]¦b©óµwÅ馳¤£P©ó³nÅ骺k«ßÄÝ©Ê¡A³nÅ骺³Ðy¥»¨-¤j¦hµL±M§QÅvªº«OÅ@¡A¦Ó¬O³z                                                                                                                                                                              ¹L¤èªk±M
     §Qªº¤è¦¡A¨Ó²Å¦X¥H¦ÛµMªk«h§Þ³N©Ò³Ðyªº-n¥ó                                                                                                                                        [13]¡A¥H¹F¦¨±M§Q«OÅ@ªº¥Ø¡A§_«h³nÅ饻¨-¬O¦bµÛ§@Åvªº«OÅ@¤U¡A©ó¬O±o¥H¤£½¶}-ì©l½X¡A©Ò¥H¶}·½X³nÅé¤~
     ¯à°÷¬¤F¹F¨ì¦P¼Ëªº¨Ï¥Î¯à¡A³z¹L¥t¥~¼¶gµ{¦¡½Xªº¤è¹F¨ì¥Øªº¡C


                            µM¦ÓµwÅ饻¨-¦]¬°´N¬OÄÝ©ó¦ÛµMªk«h¤¡A¹êÅé²£¥Xª«º¤@³¡¥÷A©Ò¥H¦b²{¦³ªº±M§Q¬[ºc¤U¡A¦pªG¶}·½XµwÅé¹ê°µ¥Xªº²£«~¡A¬O¹ê²{-ì¥ý¤w¸g¨üì                                                                                                                                                                           ±M§Q«OÅ@
     ªº¥¯à¡AÁÙ¬O·|¦³«I¥Ç±M§QªºÃ¼{¡A©Ò¯°òó±M§Qªk²Ä                                                                                                                                                                   57 ±ø²Ä¤@¶µ¤§³W©w¡A¬°ã¨s¡B±Ð¾Ç©Î¸ÕÅç¹ê¬I¨äµo©ú¡A¦ÓµLÀç§Q¦æ¬°ªÌ¡AÄÝ©ó±M§QÅv¤£Î©óªº½d³ò¡A©Ò
     ¥H¦pªG¶}·½XµwÅ饻¨-ªº¯à¡A¬O¦³¥L¤H¤w¸g¥ý¦æӽбM§Qªº«OÅ@¡A¦ý¬O¥u-n¦b«D°Ó·~¦æ¬ªº±¡p¤U¡A¦Ûæ»s³y¤Î¨Ï¥¶}·½XµwÅé¡A¥»¨-¬O¤£Ä²                                                                                                                                                                                      ¥Çªk«ßªº¡C


                            ¶}·½XµwÅ骺³Ð§@³]-p¼Ò¦¡A¥i¥H¦Û¥ÑaÅý©Ò¦³¤H°Ñ»P¨Ã¥B¨Ï¥Î¡AÁöµM¥Ñ©ó¦³±M§Q«IÅvªºÃ¼{¡A¤£¹L«o¬Û·í¾A¦X¥Îb¤½¯qαоǥ³~¡A¦ý¬O-ÕY                                                                                                                                                                              -n¶i¤J¨ì
     °Ó·~¹B¥Îªº¶¬q¡A«h»Ý-nª`·N¨ìä¥L¬J¦³±M§Qªº°ÝÃD¡A³Ì¦n¬O¥ý´M§äªk«ß±M³dªº¤H-û¡A¨Ã¥B¸Ô²Ó¤F¸Ñ¡A¤~£¦Ü©ó«I¥Ç¨ìL¤HÅv§Q¡C
1.¡u FSF ¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé°òª÷·|¡v                                                       http://www.gnu.org/home.zh-tw.html

   2. ºû°ò¦Ê¬ì                          http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds

   3. Damjan Lampret¡J                                       http://www.lampret.com/

   4. OpenMoko¡J                             http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Main_Page

   5. Graham Seaman, Oekonux conference, May 2001.¡u What is a `free hardware design'?¡v ,

                 http://www.opencollector.org/Whyfree/freedesign.html

   6. Graham Seaman 1999,¡u Free Software and Free Hardware Designs¡v ,

                 http://www.opencollector.org/Whyfree/whyfree.html

   7. The Open Prosthetics Project¡J                                                                   http://www.openprosthetics.org/

   8. ThinkCycle¡J                            http://www.thinkcycle.org/about

   9. RepRap¡J                       http://reprap.org/bin/view/Main/WebHome

10. Fab@Home¡J http://fabathome.org/wiki/index.php

11. ³°              ©w¨¹             , ±i          ¹Å¬Â¡A³]-p¾Ç³ø¡A²Ä¤QG¨÷²Ä¤G´Á¡A¡u¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µÄò³]-p¤§·©À»P³]-p¬yµ{¡v

12. ERIC VON HIPPEL,¡u Democratizing Innovation (2005)¡v¡A http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/books.htm

13. ¤µØ¥Á°ê±M§Qªk²Ä¤Ü@±ø¡Jµo©ú¡A«ü§Q¥Î¦ÛµMªk«h¤§Þ³N«ä·Q¤§³Ð@¡C

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Destaque

Excursão natal fortaleza
Excursão natal fortalezaExcursão natal fortaleza
Excursão natal fortalezacamaceio
 
Culto de jovens
Culto de jovensCulto de jovens
Culto de jovenssaarah987
 
HUMIDIFICADOR ipc
HUMIDIFICADOR ipcHUMIDIFICADOR ipc
HUMIDIFICADOR ipclineplast
 
ESCOLA SOCIAL DE VAREJO-Lista de selecionados EREM TRAJANO DE MENDONÇAdonça (1)
ESCOLA SOCIAL DE VAREJO-Lista de selecionados EREM TRAJANO DE MENDONÇAdonça (1)ESCOLA SOCIAL DE VAREJO-Lista de selecionados EREM TRAJANO DE MENDONÇAdonça (1)
ESCOLA SOCIAL DE VAREJO-Lista de selecionados EREM TRAJANO DE MENDONÇAdonça (1)Isabel Araujo
 
Coisas do arco da velha conjunto josé ramos de moraes
Coisas do arco da velha   conjunto josé ramos de moraesCoisas do arco da velha   conjunto josé ramos de moraes
Coisas do arco da velha conjunto josé ramos de moraesJorge Marcos Oliveira
 
16.01.14.movimento inicia articulação para revitalizar o clube social do pontal
16.01.14.movimento inicia articulação para revitalizar o clube social do pontal16.01.14.movimento inicia articulação para revitalizar o clube social do pontal
16.01.14.movimento inicia articulação para revitalizar o clube social do pontalGuy Valerio Barros dos Santos
 
Presentación4
Presentación4Presentación4
Presentación4kaelys
 
Procesamiento por medio digital
Procesamiento por medio digitalProcesamiento por medio digital
Procesamiento por medio digitalLiliana Zamarripa
 
Presentación6
Presentación6Presentación6
Presentación6kaelys
 

Destaque (20)

Mapa conceptual
Mapa conceptualMapa conceptual
Mapa conceptual
 
Excursão natal fortaleza
Excursão natal fortalezaExcursão natal fortaleza
Excursão natal fortaleza
 
Culto de jovens
Culto de jovensCulto de jovens
Culto de jovens
 
Certified docs
Certified docsCertified docs
Certified docs
 
Feliciano
FelicianoFeliciano
Feliciano
 
HUMIDIFICADOR ipc
HUMIDIFICADOR ipcHUMIDIFICADOR ipc
HUMIDIFICADOR ipc
 
Aro
AroAro
Aro
 
ESCOLA SOCIAL DE VAREJO-Lista de selecionados EREM TRAJANO DE MENDONÇAdonça (1)
ESCOLA SOCIAL DE VAREJO-Lista de selecionados EREM TRAJANO DE MENDONÇAdonça (1)ESCOLA SOCIAL DE VAREJO-Lista de selecionados EREM TRAJANO DE MENDONÇAdonça (1)
ESCOLA SOCIAL DE VAREJO-Lista de selecionados EREM TRAJANO DE MENDONÇAdonça (1)
 
9º guião 3
9º guião 39º guião 3
9º guião 3
 
Coisas do arco da velha conjunto josé ramos de moraes
Coisas do arco da velha   conjunto josé ramos de moraesCoisas do arco da velha   conjunto josé ramos de moraes
Coisas do arco da velha conjunto josé ramos de moraes
 
Bebidas 饮料
Bebidas 饮料Bebidas 饮料
Bebidas 饮料
 
Apresentação1
Apresentação1Apresentação1
Apresentação1
 
16.01.14.movimento inicia articulação para revitalizar o clube social do pontal
16.01.14.movimento inicia articulação para revitalizar o clube social do pontal16.01.14.movimento inicia articulação para revitalizar o clube social do pontal
16.01.14.movimento inicia articulação para revitalizar o clube social do pontal
 
Presentación4
Presentación4Presentación4
Presentación4
 
Revisão de prova p2 2º ano médio noturno
Revisão de prova p2 2º ano médio noturnoRevisão de prova p2 2º ano médio noturno
Revisão de prova p2 2º ano médio noturno
 
Plan de negociio
Plan de negociioPlan de negociio
Plan de negociio
 
Procesamiento por medio digital
Procesamiento por medio digitalProcesamiento por medio digital
Procesamiento por medio digital
 
La princesa vanidosa
La princesa vanidosaLa princesa vanidosa
La princesa vanidosa
 
Turtle 1
Turtle 1Turtle 1
Turtle 1
 
Presentación6
Presentación6Presentación6
Presentación6
 

Rp Opensource

  • 1. ·§©À½XªºµwÅé³]-p°òó¶}ñìl ¶À·ù³Ó ºK -n ¶}©ñ-ìl½X³nÅ骺¨Ï¥Î²v´£°¡A¤]ý·ó§@¼Ò¦iBaJµwpíÓÖt«¬{ ¬OÅýµwé³]-p¯à°÷±q¨Ï¥Î¶}·½X ³nÅ骺µêÀ]-p¡A¶i¤J¨ì¹«¬»sy·í£L}½Xw¦b§²á´Ò¼{ÄòÏ¥Î̱HMQd°ÝÃD@ ¨Ó¤~¯à°÷Åý¶}·½Xµwé³]-pªºÆ[ ©À¡A§ó¥[´²G¤Î¬°¦hH¨ÏC ÃöÁäµü¡J¶}©ñ-ìl½X¡B¶}·½XµwÅé¡B¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µÄò¡B±M§Q ¤@¡B«e¨¥ ±a¦³¶}©ñ-ìl½XÄÝʪº·µwÅ餧ҥHΨ¡AnÂkó³¹B°¿_¦ÛÑòª÷·|b 1984 ¦~®É¡A±À°Ê¤F¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé°ò¦ªº GNU -pµe [1]¡A¥H ¤Î¦ñÀH¨Ï¥Îªº GPL ³nÅé±Âv¡A³o¬O¤@-ÓÅýµ{¦¡¶}oªÌ¦b´²§G³nÅé®É¡A¥²¶·ªþ±aµ{¦¡½XÅý«áÄò¶}µoªÌ¯à°÷Æ[¬Ý¨Ã¥B-ק諸±ÂÅv¨óij¡A¦b³o¼ËªºÒ¦¡¤§U¡A°£¤F¦Û ¥Ñ¨ÏΤ§~¡A¤]-n¼i¦æ-קï«á¥²¶·¤ñÓP¼ËÒ¦¡¤À¨Éªº¸q°ÈA¦Ó¤§«áb³o¼Ëªº¹B§@Ò¦¡¤U¡A¥t¤@-ӦۥѳnÅé¨t²Î Linux ¨t²Î´N¿³°_¤F¡C Linux ¥»¨-³o-ÓÃþ¦ü Unix ªº¨t²Î®Ö¤ß¡A¬O§@ªÌ Linus Torvalds [2]¦b¤j¾Ç®É¦]¬°»Ý-nÃþ¦ü UNIX ¨t²ÎªºÀô¹Ò©½s¼g¡A·í¤f°t¤F³¦h GNU -pµe¤Uªº¬ÛÃö³nÅé ¤Îu¨ã¡A¨Ï±o³o-Ó¨t²Î¦³¶V¨Ó¶V§¹³Æªº¥¯à¡A¨Ã¥B¦b¦øªA¾¹¥«³õ¤Wvº¥¦a³Q¹B¥Î¡C ¦b linux ¨t²Î¿³±¡A¨Ã¥B¬Ûö¦Ñ³nÅé¤]³vº¥¬y¦æ®É¡A¦b³o¼Ëµ{¦¡³nÅé¶}©ñªº®Ø¬[¤U¡A¶}©ñ-ìl½X¤½¥q³vº¥¦b³nÅé·~¬É¹ñSÀY¨¤¡A¤H-̵o²{¶}©ñ-ìl½X¬[ ºc ¤Uªº°Ó·~¹B§@¼Ò¦¡A³QÃÒ¹ê¥i¦æ¤§«á¡AµwÅé¤uµ{®v-Ì«K¶}©l«ä¦ÒbµwÅé³]-pªº¬yµ{·í¤¡A°Ñ¦Ò¶}·½X³nÅ骺¥i¦æ©Ê¡A¦Ó³Ì¥ý¶}©l³o¼Ëªº¶}·½X¹B §@¤è¦¡A¬O»P³n Åé³Ì¬°ÛÃöªº´¹¤ù IC ³]-p¶}µo¡C
  • 2. OpenCores.org ´N¬O¦]¦¹½Ï¥Íªº²Õ´ [3]¡A³Ð¿ì¤H Damjan Lampret ¦¨¥ß¤F³o-Ó¶}©ñ´¹¤ù³]-pªºÀ¸s¡A¥D-nªº¥¯à¬O¦b©ó¡A°£¤FÅý¤H-̳z¹L¤¬Û¶}©ñÀ¨É´y-z IC ´¹¤ùµwÅ饯઺ VHDL »y¨¥-ì©l½X¡A§ó-«nªº¬O¡A³z¹L³o¼Ë¤À¨É´¹ù³]-p·í¤ª¿´¼°]ªº¤è¦¡A¤]´Nµ¥©óÃþ¦üb¾ÉÅé·~í¤¡A±`¨£ªº¤½©¹B§@¼Ò¦¡A¦]¦¹b¤@ ¨Ç¬ãµo¤Wªº¹Á¸Õ¦¨¥»¡A¦ÛµM´N¥i¥H-°§C¡A¦Ó¤£P©ó°Ó·~¤½¥q´£¨Ñª¸g¤ùªº¦a¤è¦b©ó¡A OpenCores ¤À¨É¥X¨Óªº´¹¤ù³]-p¡A¬O²³¤H¦@P¦X§@ªº¦¨G¡C ¦Ób IC ´¹¤ùªº¶}·½X¶}µo¼Ò¦¡§Î¨¤«áAªþ¥[¦b IC ´¹¤ù§Wªºql²£«~¡A¤]¥X²{¤FÃþ¦üªº¶}µo±M®×¡A¥H³Ìªñ°ê¤º¥X¦Wªº®×¨ÒÓ»¡A²ö¹L©ó¤j²³¹q¸£»P OpenMoko ¦X§@±À¥Xªº¤â¾÷ Neo 1973[4]¡C¸Ó-pµeªº¤â¾÷²£«~¡A°£¤F¦b³nÅ骺±Ä¥Î§¡¬O¥H¶}·½X³nÅ鬰¥D¡AµwÅé¤è-±]§¹¥þ±ÄΦ³ GPL ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªºwÅ餸¥óA ¦Ó¥B OpenMoko »P FIC ªº¦X§@¡A¤w¸gÅý²£«~¥¿¦¡¶q¤WA¶}µoªÌ¬Æ¦Ü¤£»Ý-n³v¤@¦Ûæ²Õ¸Ë¡A¤j´T-°§C°w¹ï Linux ¤â¾÷¶}µo¨Ï¥ÎªºùÂe¡C ³]-pªº¯S©Ê¤G¡B¶}·½XµwÅé ¤£¦P©ó°Ó·~½¥qªºÀç¹B³]-p¼Ò¡A¶}XµwÅé±M®×©¨ãƦ¥H¤UTºØʽèJ 1.¸û¬°¶}©ñªºk«ßOÅ@©Ê½è ¦b¤@¯ë°Ó·~¼Ò¦¡¤U¹B§@ªº³]-p¼Ò¦¡ [5]¡A³q±`£¬OÂk³]-p®v©ÒÄݪº¤½¥q¦³¡A¨Ã¥B¸Ó©Ò¦³Åv³q±`£¦bµÛ§@Åv¡B°Ó·~¾÷±K¨ó©wM±M§Qªkªº«OÅ@¤U¡A©Ò¥H³q±` «Ü¤Ö¬Ý¨ì@-Ó°·~³]-pªº²£«~-I«á¡A¨S¦³¥]§t¬ÛÃöªº«O±K¨ó©w¡C ¤]¦]¬°Ó·~Ävª§º«OÅ@-ì«h¡A³]-p®v³q±`¤]¤£¯à¦Xªk¦a¨ú¥Î¡B©Î»s³y¨ä¥L-ì¥ý´N¤w¸g¦s¦b©ó¥«-±¤Wªº³]-p¡A°£«D¸Ó¥ý³Ð]-p¬OÂk¸Ó³]-p®v¤½¥q©Ò ÄÝ¡A¦Ó¤ñ ¸û¤jªº¤½¥q³±`³£·|¦b²£«~ªº§ï¨}¤á¡Aªþ±a«Ø¥ß¤F¬ÛÃöªº±M§Q®w¡A¥Î¨Ó«OÅ@¦Û¤vªº²£«~¡A¨Ã¥B§@¬°±N¨Ó©M¦P·~¦b¥«³õÄvª§·í¤º½ÍP¤u¨ã¡C¦Ó ¹ï©ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌÓ »¡A²£«~³Ìרì¥L-̤âW¤§«á¡A¦b¦p¦¹¼h¼h«OÅ@ªº±¡p¤U¡A¥L-̤]¨S¦³¿ìªkª½±µ¦a´N¥h¤F¸Ñ¥L-ÌÁʶRªº©Ò¦³«¡A¨s³º¬O¦p¦óa¹B§@¡C Ãö©ó³o¤è-±¡A¥Ñ©ó¨Ã«D¥Ñ±MÄݲÕ´©Î¬O-Ó¤H©Ò³Ðy¡A¶}·½XµwÅé³]-pªº©Ò¦³Åv¡A©¹¬OÄÝ©óÒ¦³Ð§@¤H¦@¦P©Ò¦³¡A¸Ó³]-p¥»¨-¶ÈüìµÛ§@Åvªkªº «OÅ@¡A¦Ó ¤£¹³@¯ë°Ó·~³]-pªº¹B§@¡A·|¥Î-«ªk«ß¨ÓOÅ@¡A¤§©Ò¥H¤£±Ä¨ú¦p¦P°Ó·~³]-p¤½¥q¯ëªºk«ßOÅ@±¹¬I¡A¨ä-ì¦]¦b©ó¡A¶}·½XµwÅ骺¥XµoÂI¡A¬O§Æ ±æµwÅé³]-p¥»¨- ¥i¥H³Q¼sªx¦a¹B¥Î¡A¨Ã¥B¾Ö¦³¤£Â_¦a©µÄòÊ¡C ¦b³o¼Ëªº¦@¨Éºë¯«·í¤¡A¦n³B¤]¦b©ó¶}·½XµwÅé³]-p¥i¥H¤£Â_¦a³Q-«½Æ¨Ï¥Î¡A¦Ó³]-p®v¤]¥i¥H¤£³Q-©w¦a¨Ó§ï}¤ÎÏ¥-즳ªº]-p¡A¦Ó¥B³z¹L³o ¼Ëªºsªx
  • 3. 2.·f°t¦Û¥Ñ«×¸û°ªº³nÅé¤u¨ã °£¤F¸û¬°¶}©ñªºk«ßÄÝ©Ê¡A¶}·½XµwÅé-pµe³q±`¦b¿ï¾Ü¨Ï¥Îªº³nÅé¤u¨ã¤W [6]¡A¤]¤j¦h·|«ü©w¨ã¦³P¼Ë¶}©ñÄÝʪº¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé¡A¦]¬°ß¦³¿ï¾ÜP¼Ë¤]¬O¥H¶}©ñ ¬°-ì«hªº³nÅé¤u¨ã¡A¤~¯à½T«O³nÅé¤u¨ã¯à°÷t¦X¤é«áªº¶}µo¤u§@¡A¦pªG¦]¬°µwÅé¶}o¤³~¡A¦³¤£Pªº»Ý¨Dµo¥Í¡A¶}·½X³nÅé¤]¯à°÷¦]¬°¨ä¶}©ñÊ ¡A¦Ó¹ï©ó·sªº»Ý ¨D°µ¥X³Ì§Öªº-×¥¿¡A¨Ã¥B¤]¤£·|¦³¥²¶V°Ó¥Î³nÅé¨ÑÀ³°Ó§´óªº±¡ÎC ¤£¹L¦³®É-Ô¤]·|¦³¨Ò¥~ªº±¡p¡A The Open Prosthetics Project[7]¬O¤@-Ó¶}·½XµwÅéÃþ«¬ªº¸qϱM®×-pµe¡A§Æ±æ¯àÂǥѦÛÄ@ªÌ-´£¨µLÀvªº³]-p¡A³Ì²×¯à°÷ »s§@¥X§C³y»ùªº¸qÏ¡A¨Ã¥B³z¹LªÀ¸s¤¬°Êªºè¦¡A¤]¯à§Ö³t¦a§ï¨}»s§@¥H²Å¦X¨Ï¥ÎªÌ»ÝD¡A¦Ób³o-Ó±M®×-pµe¤¡A¥Ñ©ó Alibre Design ´£¨Ñ¸Ó¤½¥q§K¶Oªº»´¶q© CAD ³nÅé§@¬°ÃÙU¡A©Ò¥H¦¹±M®×ªº±ÀÂ˨ϥΤu¨ã´N¨Ã«D¶}·½X³nÅé¡C 3.¦h¤H¦@P¦X§@ªº¨óÀô¹Ò ¶}©ñ-ìl½Xªº¦¨¥¡A°£¤F¨ä¶}©ñ¤Î¦Û¥Ñ´²§Gªº¯S©Ê¤§¥~¡A³Ì¤jªº¯S¦â´N¦b©ó¦h¤H¨ó§@ªº©Ê½è¡A¤@-Ó¶}·½XµwÅ骺±M®×¡A¦pªG³£-n-ʾa¤@-Ó¤H¥h§¹ ¦¨¡A¨º»ò ±M®×§¹¦¨ªº¾÷²v¡A°£¤F·|°¾§C¤§¥~¡A¤]·|©µªø§¹¦¨º®É¶¡A¦b²Ä¤@ÂI¯S©Ê·í¤]´£¨ì¡A¶}·½XµwÅ骺³]-p¡A´N¬O¬°¤FÅý§ó¦h¤H¯à°÷¹B¥Î¡A¬Û¹ï¦a ¦b¶}µo¤W¡A¤]¥i ¥H-ɧU²³¤Hªº¤O¶q¨Ó§¹¦¡A³q±`¤@-Ó¶}·½XµwÅ骺±M®×¡A¦b¶}©l¤§«á¡A´N·|¦³¤@-Ó§¹¾ãªº·©À¥Ø¼Ð¡A¦ÓpªG¨ä¥L¹ï¸Ó¶}·½XµwÅé±M®×¦³¿½ìªº¤H ¡A´N·|«e©¹¤F ¸Ñ¡A¨Ã¥B¨ó§U±M®×µo°_¤H§¹¦¨-q©wªº¥Ø¼Ð¡A¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó´N¥i¥H¶§Q¦a§¹¦¨¶}·½XµwÅé±M®×¡C ³z¹L³o¼Ëªº¤è¦¡A¤]¦³¥X²{»¨-°µ¬¤@-Ó¥x¡AÅý¨ä¥L¤H¤]¥i¥H¦@¦P¨Ï¥Îªº±¡§A ThinkCycle[8]´N¬O¹B¥Î³o¼Ëªº¤@-Ó覡b¹B§@ªº²Õ´¡A¨ä¥Ø¼Ð¬O§Æ±æÀ °Ê¤@-Ó¶}·½XµwÅé³]-pªº¤åÆ¡A¨Ï¥ÎªÌi¥H¨ìäºô¯¸¤Wµù¥U¤§«á¡A³]©w¤@-ÓÃöó¶}·½XµwÅ骺¥Ø¼ÐDÃD©Î·§À¡AÅý¨ä¥L¤H°Ñ»P¨Ã¥B¹ê¦æ¡A©Î¬O°Ñ »P²{¦³ªº¬ÛÃö¥D ÃD±M®×¡A³z¹L³o¼Ë¨ó§@ªº¤è¦¡Ó¹F¦¨³]-pµwÅé±M®×ªº¬ã¨s¡C ¤T¡B¶}·½Xµwªº§Ö³t¦¨«¬t²Î Åé ·í¶}½XµwÅ骺³]-p¼Ò¦¡Av¥b¹q¤l²£«~WQÃêiæ§áoËè]³º©µwÅé¥Æ[-pª»â°ìÂX±i¡AÑó~¤u·] -p»â°ì¡A ¤]@ª½¦b´ÂV¼Æìºè¶iæ¡A³oËtÅÜ¥¿nH·f°}½Xµw骺®C
  • 4. 5000 ª÷¥H¤W¡A¬°¤FÀ£§C ¬ü ¨Ï¥Î¦»¡A¥H¤Î¹ï©ó§Ö³t¦¨«¬°µ¥X¾ãÅéyµ{ªº¬ã¨s¡A¦b¶}·½XµwÅé¤è-±]¥X²{¤F¤G-Ó»P§Ö³t¦¨«¬ÛÃöªºµwÅé±M®×¡A¤À§O¬O RepRap[9]¥H¤Î Fab@home[10]¡C 1.RepRap -pµeªºµo°_¤H Adrian Bowyer ¥ô±Ð©ó-^°ê BATH ¤j¾Ç¡A¦³Å²©ób 2005 ¦~ªº®É-Ô¡A§C¶¥ªº°ÓÎßÅé§Ö³t¦¨«¬¾÷¡A³Ì¤Ö£»Ý-n¦b 3 ¸U¬üª÷¥H¤W¡A¨Ã¥B»s³y¦¨«~ªº ¦¨¥»b¨C¥ß¤è½À 2 ¬üª÷¥k¡A©Ò¥H¨M©w¦Ûæ»s§@³QºÙ¬° FDM ®g¥X¦¨«¬ªº§Ö³t¦¨«¬¾÷¡A¨Ã¥B¦b 2005 ¦~ 11 ¤ë»s§@¥X¡A¸Ó¦¨«¬¾÷·í¤-t³d®g¥X¦¨«¬ªº-n¤¸¥ó Mk II fused deposition extruder¡C 2006 ¦~ 10 ¤ë¡A²Ä¤@¥x RepRap -쫬¾÷¥¿¦¡²Õ¸Ë§¹¨A·í¤±Ä¥ÎF GPL ªº±ÂÅv¤è¦¡¶}©ñA-쫬¾÷¨Ã¥B¸g¹L´ú¸Õ¦¨¥¹B§@¡AÁöµM¨äºë·Ç«×¸û®t¡A¤£¹L¥Ñ©ó¦¨» ¸û§C¡Aªá¶O 400 ¤¸¬üª÷»P°Ó¥Î¾÷ºØ¬Û¤ñ¡A¤´¦³¬Û·íjªÅ¶¡¥i¥H§ïµ½¡A¦Ó¸-pµe¤]¨Ì«ùÄò¦b§ï¶i·í¤¡A¦Ü¤µ 2008 ¦~ 1 ¤ë¥÷¡A-pµeºô¯¸¤©Ò®i¥Üªº RepRap 1.0 ³W ®æ Darwin¡A©Ò¦³»Ý-n²Õ¸Ëªº¹s¥ó³c°â»ù¦ì¤j¬ù¦b 299 ¼Ú¤¸¥ªk¡A©w¦ì·Ç½T«×¥i¨ì 0.1mm¡A«pÁ¡«×¬ù° 0.5mm¡A¦b-pµeºô¯¸¤W¤]¤w¸g¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¥¿¦¡®g¥Xªº¦¨«~H¤Î ¨Ï¥Îܽd¡AÁöµMªí-±¥Ñ©ó FDM ®g¥X¦¨«¬²£Íªº¯¾¸ôû¤-ã¡A¦ý¬O¤w¸g¥i¥H²£¥Í»P¹êª«±µñº¼Ò¬¨ÓϥΡC ÁöµM³Ìªì©Ò-n¹F¨ìªº¥Ø¡A¬O§Æ±æÅý RepRap ¯à°÷³Ì«áµo®i¬°¦Ûæ¥Í²£½Æ»s¥Xt¤@¥x RepRap¡C³z¹LÅý RepRap ¼Æ¶qªºW¥[¡A¾÷¹ªº»ù®æ¦¨¥¤~¯à³±j¶^¡A ¤£¹L RepRap ¥»¨-ªº¦¤w¸g¬Û¸û¤§U·íC·G¡A©Ò¥H¥i¥Hª½±µ¥Î¨ÓϦb§Ö³t¦¨«¬·í¤¡C 2.FAB @ HOME ¸Ó¾÷¹¬O¥Ñ¬ü°ê±d¤Dº¸¤j¾Çªº Hod Lipson ±Ð©M¨ä³Õ¤h¬ã¨s¥Í Evan Malone ©Ò¦@¦P¬ãµo¡A»P RepRap ¬Û¦P¡A±N¾÷¹²Õ¸Ë»P¹B§@¾÷¨î§¹¥þ¤½¶}¡A³z¹L Fab@Home ªºô¯¸¡A¥i¥HÁA¸Ñ¦p¦ó°Ê¤â»s§@¸Ó¾÷¹ªº§ã¤å¥ó¡A¤£¦P©ó RepRap ªº¦a¤è¦b©ó¡A FAB@ HOME ±Ä¥Îªº¬O¤À¨É±j¨î©Ê¸û§Cªº BSD ±ÂÅv¡A¥Ø«e¦b¦¨¥» ¤W¡A Fab@ Home ªº¾÷¹»s§@¶O¥Î¡A¤j¬ù¸¨¦b 2,000 ¤¸¥ªkªº¦Û»s²Õ¸Ë¦¨¥»¡AÁʶR¤w²Õ¸Ë§¹¦¨ªº¾÷¬ù»Ýá¶O ¬ü 3600 ¬üª÷¥k¡A¦Ó¨äºë·Ç«×¡A¦pªG·f°t¸û¤£©ö¬y ¥XÅܧΪº÷®Æ¡A¥i¥H¤ñ 0.1mm §óºë²Ó¡Aºë·Ç«×³Ì¦h¥i¹F 0.025mm¡C FAB@ HOME ªº»s³y»ù®æ¸û¬°©¶Q¡A¤£¹L¸ÓµwÅé¥i¨Ï¥Îªº§÷½è¸û¤£ü-î¡A¹³¬O¥Û»I¡BÄú¡B§Cº²ÂIª÷Äݵ¥¡A³£¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó§@¬°®g¥X¦¨«¬ªº§÷®Æ¡Aºô¯¸¤W¬Æ ¦Ü¥½d¥H¥i¹ê¥Î§÷½è¡A¨Ò¦p¥©§J¤O§@¬°®g¥X-ì®Æ¡C¤£¹L FAB@ HOME ¨ä¹B§@³t«×¨Ì¸ûºC¡A¸Ó-pµeºô¯¸¤W¤]´£¥X¡A¦pªG-n¨Ï¥Î©ó°Ó·~³¡A«ØijÁÙ¬OÁʶR°Ó¥Î ¾÷ºØª§Ö³t¦¨«¬¾÷¸û°ê·í¡A FAB@ HOME ¶È¨Ñ-Ó¤H¤Î±Ð¾Ç¬ã¨s¥Î³~¬°¨äD-n¥Øªº¡C ¶}·½XµwÅé°£¤F´£¨Ñ¸û§C¦¨¥»ªºÀu¶Õ¡AÅý¤@¨Ç¸û§C¶¥¡B¸û§Cºë·Ç«×ª§Ö³t¦¨«¬Ï¥Î»ÝD¡A¯à°÷³Qº¡¨¬¤§¥~A¥t¥~¤@-Ӥ豪º´Á³¡A«h¬O¥Ñ©ó¨äµw Åé¶}©ñªº ÄÝ©Ê¡A¥iÅý¦P¼Ë¦³¬ÛÃö»Ý¨Dªº¨Ï¥ÎÌ¡A¤]¯à°÷Ñ»P¤W-zªº¶}·½X§Ö³t¦¨«¬t²Î¡A¨Ã¥B¤©¥H§ïµ½¡C
  • 5. ¥|¡B¶}·½Xµw³]-p»PÄò³]-pªº¤¬¸É©Ê Åé ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µ ¶Ç²Î£«~³]-p·í¤¡A£½×¬O¼Ò²Õ¤Æ©Î«È»sªº³]-p¡A²£«~¨ì¹FϥΪ̺¤âW®É¡A¨ä¥¯à©Ê³£¤w¸gQ-©¦í¤F¡AӨϥΪ̱µÄò³]-p [11]©Ò±j½Õªº¡A¬O§Æ±æ¨ÅÏý ¥ÎªÌ¡A°£¤F¨Ï¥Î¬J©w¥¯àªº²£«~¤§¡A¤]¯à°÷¦Û¤vµo´§³]-pªº³Ð·N¡AÅý²£«~¾Ö¦³-ì¨ÓQ½á¤©ªº¥¯à§¡AÁٯন¬°ä¥L¥Î³~ªºi¯à¡A±q¶}©ñ³]-p ªº¯S©Ê¨Ó¬Ý¡A¶} ·½XµwÅé»P¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µÄòºXoÂI¬O¬Û¦Pªº¡C ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µÄòº²£«~¯S©Ê¥]§t¡J (1)¨ã¥i-«·s²Õ¸Ë¤§£«~ºc¥ó (2)¨ã³Ð·N¤Íµ½¶-± (3)Åý¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤£-î©ó²«~³º®e¹ï©Ê¡C ¦ b³ o · í ¤ ¡ A¶ } · ½ X µ wÅ é ¦ b § ¹¦ ¨ ± M ® × ³ ]- p ¤ § « á ¡ A¦ p ª G ¯ à° ÷ ¾ Ç ² ß ¨ ì³ o ¨ Ç ³ ¡ ¥ ÷ A ± N · |¹ ï © ó ± M ® ת º § ¹ ¾ ã « צ ³ © Ò À °§ U ¡ A ¨ ä ¤ ³ Ì ¥ D - n ª º´ N ¬ O ° w¹ ï ¨ Ï ¥ Î ª ̾ Þ § @ § ï µ½ªº ³¡ ¥÷¡A°£¤F¹q¤lµwÅ骺¹q¸ô¤§¥~¡A¶}·½XµwÅé¥i¥H³z¹LÅý¦Û¤vªº¥~³¡µ²c¡A§ïµ½¬°¨ã¦³¤è«K-²Õªºc¡A¤]§ó¥i¥HÅý«áÄòªº¨Ï¥Î̯à°÷§ó¤èK¦a°w ¹ï¤£¦Pªº¥Î³~°µ §ï¨}¡A¤Íµ½ªº¶-±¥H¤Î£-¨î¥³~ªº®e¹ï©Ê¡A¹ï©ó«áÄòµwÅ骺¨Ï¥Î¤´²§G¡A³£¦¹F¨ì³Ì¤j®Ä¯qªºÀ°§U¡C ÁöµM¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µÄò¦b·§©À¤W¡A»P¶}·½XµwÅ馳h¬Û¦ü¤§³B¡A¤£¹L·í¤ÁÙ¬O¦³´XÂI¤£¦Pªº¦a¤è»Ý-nª`·N¡J 1.±q¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µÄò»-¡A¤F¸Ñ¨ìÃö©ó±j½Õ²£«~±M§Q«OÅ@ªº¯S©Ê¡A³oÂIÁöµM»P¶}·½XµwÅé§Æ±æ¥»¨-㦳¶}©ñÊ¡A¨Ã¯à¦¬°¤½@°]ªº³¡¥÷¬ÛA¦ý¬O¶}·½ ½ X µ wÅ é ¤ ] ¨Ã«D§¹¥þ´N-¨î«áÄòÅv§Qªº«OÅ@¡C¨Ò¦p±M§Q«OÅ@ªº¯S©Ê¡A¨ä¹ê´N¹H¤ÏF GPL ±ÂÅv´²§G«á¡A¦p¸g¨Ï¥Î«á°µX§ï}¡A¤]¥²¶·ÄÀXªº COPY LEFT ¯S©Ê¡A¦ý¬O¦pªG¤@©w ¦³¥²-n«O¦³±M§Q«OÅ@¥»¨-ªºÅv§Qªº¸Ü¡A¦b BSD ±ÂÅv¤U«o¥i¥H³Q¤¹¡C ©Ò¥H¦b ¿ï¾Ü ¶}·½ XµwÅé ±Â v ®É¡A¦p ªG·í ¤ ¦³ «áÄòÅv §Q«O Å@ªº¦Ò ¶q¡A ¦b¤@ ¶}©l«Ø ¥ß±M ®× É¡A ´N¥² ¶·-n ¦Ò¶q²M ·¡ A ¦ý¬O¶} ·½ X µwÅé ±M®×¥» ¨-¡A ¤@¶}©l ¬O¥² ¶·¾Ö ¦³¶}©ñÊoÂI¡A¬O»P¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µÄò³]-p·í¤ªº±M§Q«OÅ@¤£¦P¡A¶}·½XµwÅé±M®×ªº±ÂÅv¡A¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü¤¹³«áÄò§¨}ªºÅv§Q³«OÅ@¡A¨Ò¦p«áÄò§ï¨}ªÌ¥i¨Ì ±ÂÅv¤£¦P¡A¦Ó³Q ¤¹³¥Ó½Ð·s«¬±M§Q¡A¦ý¬O±M®×¥»¨-ªº¶}©ñÊÁÙ¬O¥²¶·±q¤@¶}©l´N³Q«Ø¥ß¨ÃB«O«ù¡C 2.¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µÄòº²£«~¡A¬O¦b²£«~¥D-n¥Î³~¤w¸g½T¥ß¤§«á¡A©ó²£«~±À¥Xeªº¤@¶}©l¡A´N³]-p¦n«áÄòªº¨Ï¥Î̱µ¡A¨Ã¥B¦Ò¶qÜ°e¹F-Ó¤H¤âW«á¡A¯à°÷ µo´§¤£¦P ¥Î³~ªºi¯à©Ê¡A¥»¨-ÃS¦³±j½Õ¦@¨É³]-pªº·§©À¡A¦Ó¬O§Æ±æ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦Ûµo´§¡C ¦Ó¶}·½ Xµw Åé«h ¬O¥Ñ©ó µwÅé ¥»¨-ªº ¯à ¡A©¹ ¦b±M ®×«Ø ¥ß É¡A ³£©| ¥¼«Ø ߧ¹¦¨ ¡A©Ò ¥H¬O¥² ¶· ý ±j½Õ ³z¹L¨ó §@ªº ¤è¦¡ A ¹F¨ì §¹¦ ³]-p²£ «~¥» ¨-ªº Î ³~¡A ¦Ó§ï ¨}¥H¤Î«áÄò¨ä¥L¥Î³~µo®iªº¥i¯à©Ê¡A«h¬O«áÄò¤~-n¦Ò¶qªº³¡¥÷A·í¤ªºÀu¥ý¶§Ç¸û¬°¤£¦P¡A¨Ã¥B¥Ñ©ó«áÄòªº§ï¨}¤Îµo´§¡A¤]¬O-ʾa¦h¤H¨ó§@ªº©Ê ½è¤~¥i¯à²£¥Í¡A ³oÂI¥²¶·-n¦³©Ò¤F¸Ñ¡C
  • 6. ¤-¡Bµ²½× ³Â¬Ù²z¤uªº ERIC VON HIPPEL ±Ð [12]´£¨ì¡A±q¶}©ñ-ìl½X³nÅ骺¹B§@¼Ò¦¡·í¤A¥i¥H¤F¸Ñ¨ì¤H-̹ï©ó¦Û¤v©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº«~¡A©¹·|¦³»Ý-n§ï¨}©ÎÅÜ󵲺c ªº»Ý¨D¡A¨Ã¥B±`±`¤]¼Ö©óµLÀv´£¨Ñµ¹¥L¤H¦Û¤vªº¨Ï¥Î¸gÅç¡A¦b³o¼Ëªº³Ð·s¥ÁD¤Æªº¹Lµ{·í¤¡A§Æ±æ¯à°÷µo®i¥X¤@-Ó¥H¥Î¤á¬°ßªº³Ð·s¨t²Î¡C ¶}·½XµwÅ骺µo®i¡A¤]¬O¦b³o¼Ëªº©v¦®¤U¥X²{¡A¨Ã¥B¥Ñ©ó¶}·½X³nÅ骺°t¦X¡A¨Ï±o¶}·½XµwÅ饻¨-¤]±o¥H¨Ï¥Î¼Æ¦ì¤ªº²£«~³]-pªº¬yµ{¡A¨Ò¦p¨Ï ¥Î¶}·½X ªº 3D ³nÅé±q¨ÆµêÀ³]-p¡A¦Ó¶}·½XµwÅ骺§Ö³t¦¨«¬t²Î¡A§ó¬O¹F¨ì»Î±µ¾ã-Ó¶}©ñl½X¶}µo¬[ºcªº®Ö¤ß¡AÅý¥~Æ[¤Îµ²ºc³]-p¤è-±ªº¶}·½XµwÅé¡AÀò±o ¤F½ñ¥X¹q ¸£¤Î¯ÈW§@·~ªºÀô¹Ò¡A©Î³¦bºë±K«×¤è-¡A©|¥¼¯à°÷»P°Ó·~¾÷ºØ¬Û¤ñ¡A¦ý¬O¥Ñ©ó¶}·½XµwÅ饻¨-ªº¶}©ñÊ¡A©Ò¥H¦Ü¤Öb§ï¨}¤Î«áÄòµo®i¤è-±¡A¬O ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ-i¥H¥h ´x±ªº¡C ¦Ó¶}·½XµwÅé±M®×§¹¦¨«á¡A«áÄòªº§ï¨}¤è¦V¡A«h¬O¥²¶·-n¦Ò¼{¨ìϥΪ̱µÄòº°ÝÃD¡A¦pªG¯à´£¨ÑϥΪ̤è«K͵½º¶-±¡A¨Ã¥BÅý¾Þ§@¤H¦b¹J¨ì¯S ®íªº»Ý¨D ®É¡A¤]¯à°÷«K§Q¦a§ï¨}äµ²ºc¡A¹ï©ó¦³¡¥÷¨Ó»A¤]¤£³×¬OÅý¶}·½XµwÅéÂX´²¨Ï¥Î§ó¼sªºÀuÂI¡C µM¦Ó¶}·½XµwÅé¦b²{¦³ªºk«ßÀô¹Ò¤U¡A«o¤]¦³¤£§QB¡A-ì¦]¦b©óµwÅ馳¤£P©ó³nÅ骺k«ßÄÝ©Ê¡A³nÅ骺³Ðy¥»¨-¤j¦hµL±M§QÅvªº«OÅ@¡A¦Ó¬O³z ¹L¤èªk±M §Qªº¤è¦¡A¨Ó²Å¦X¥H¦ÛµMªk«h§Þ³N©Ò³Ðyªº-n¥ó [13]¡A¥H¹F¦¨±M§Q«OÅ@ªº¥Ø¡A§_«h³nÅ饻¨-¬O¦bµÛ§@Åvªº«OÅ@¤U¡A©ó¬O±o¥H¤£½¶}-ì©l½X¡A©Ò¥H¶}·½X³nÅé¤~ ¯à°÷¬¤F¹F¨ì¦P¼Ëªº¨Ï¥Î¯à¡A³z¹L¥t¥~¼¶gµ{¦¡½Xªº¤è¹F¨ì¥Øªº¡C µM¦ÓµwÅ饻¨-¦]¬°´N¬OÄÝ©ó¦ÛµMªk«h¤¡A¹êÅé²£¥Xª«º¤@³¡¥÷A©Ò¥H¦b²{¦³ªº±M§Q¬[ºc¤U¡A¦pªG¶}·½XµwÅé¹ê°µ¥Xªº²£«~¡A¬O¹ê²{-ì¥ý¤w¸g¨üì ±M§Q«OÅ@ ªº¥¯à¡AÁÙ¬O·|¦³«I¥Ç±M§QªºÃ¼{¡A©Ò¯°òó±M§Qªk²Ä 57 ±ø²Ä¤@¶µ¤§³W©w¡A¬°ã¨s¡B±Ð¾Ç©Î¸ÕÅç¹ê¬I¨äµo©ú¡A¦ÓµLÀç§Q¦æ¬°ªÌ¡AÄÝ©ó±M§QÅv¤£Î©óªº½d³ò¡A©Ò ¥H¦pªG¶}·½XµwÅ饻¨-ªº¯à¡A¬O¦³¥L¤H¤w¸g¥ý¦æӽбM§Qªº«OÅ@¡A¦ý¬O¥u-n¦b«D°Ó·~¦æ¬ªº±¡p¤U¡A¦Ûæ»s³y¤Î¨Ï¥¶}·½XµwÅé¡A¥»¨-¬O¤£Ä² ¥Çªk«ßªº¡C ¶}·½XµwÅ骺³Ð§@³]-p¼Ò¦¡A¥i¥H¦Û¥ÑaÅý©Ò¦³¤H°Ñ»P¨Ã¥B¨Ï¥Î¡AÁöµM¥Ñ©ó¦³±M§Q«IÅvªºÃ¼{¡A¤£¹L«o¬Û·í¾A¦X¥Îb¤½¯qαоǥ³~¡A¦ý¬O-ÕY -n¶i¤J¨ì °Ó·~¹B¥Îªº¶¬q¡A«h»Ý-nª`·N¨ìä¥L¬J¦³±M§Qªº°ÝÃD¡A³Ì¦n¬O¥ý´M§äªk«ß±M³dªº¤H-û¡A¨Ã¥B¸Ô²Ó¤F¸Ñ¡A¤~£¦Ü©ó«I¥Ç¨ìL¤HÅv§Q¡C
  • 7. 1.¡u FSF ¦Û¥Ñ³nÅé°òª÷·|¡v http://www.gnu.org/home.zh-tw.html 2. ºû°ò¦Ê¬ì http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds 3. Damjan Lampret¡J http://www.lampret.com/ 4. OpenMoko¡J http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Main_Page 5. Graham Seaman, Oekonux conference, May 2001.¡u What is a `free hardware design'?¡v , http://www.opencollector.org/Whyfree/freedesign.html 6. Graham Seaman 1999,¡u Free Software and Free Hardware Designs¡v , http://www.opencollector.org/Whyfree/whyfree.html 7. The Open Prosthetics Project¡J http://www.openprosthetics.org/ 8. ThinkCycle¡J http://www.thinkcycle.org/about 9. RepRap¡J http://reprap.org/bin/view/Main/WebHome 10. Fab@Home¡J http://fabathome.org/wiki/index.php 11. ³° ©w¨¹ , ±i ¹Å¬Â¡A³]-p¾Ç³ø¡A²Ä¤QG¨÷²Ä¤G´Á¡A¡u¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±µÄò³]-p¤§·©À»P³]-p¬yµ{¡v 12. ERIC VON HIPPEL,¡u Democratizing Innovation (2005)¡v¡A http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/books.htm 13. ¤µØ¥Á°ê±M§Qªk²Ä¤Ü@±ø¡Jµo©ú¡A«ü§Q¥Î¦ÛµMªk«h¤§Þ³N«ä·Q¤§³Ð@¡C