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1. Chapter 12 Earth’s Internal Structure, Rock Cycle, and Geologic Time

2. Earth’s Internal Structure

8. Obsidian Gabbro Basalt Granite Pumice Intrusive Pyroclastic Extrusive

9. Intrusive Igneous Rock Examples Horizontal spread Vertical spread Huge; unknown depth Horizontal spread that warps rocks above it Types of _________

10. Batholith

11. Sill

12. Dikes

13. Silicate Minerals and Igneous Rocks

16. Igneous Rock Felsic Mafic Granite Extrusive Intrusive Rhyolite Gabbro Basalt

22. Sandstone Shale Conglomerate

24. Dolomite Halite Limestone

26. Peat Coal

28. Slate Gneiss

29. Rock Cycle

33. The Grand Canyon and Geologic Time

34. The Geologic Time Scale Related to the Calendar Year Dec. 31 (0.05 seconds before midnight) 18 Your birth Dec. 31, 6 P.M. 3 my Early hominids Dec. 31, 5 A.M. 10 my Grand Canyon downcutting Dec. 18 155 my First mammals Dec. 13 220 my First reptiles Dec. 3 340 my First land plants Nov. 10 625 my First vertebrates Oct. 12 1.0 by First cell with nucleus mid-July 2.0 by Oxygen in atmosphere mid-April 3.2 by First single-celled organism Jan. 1 4.6 by Earth formed Time in Year Age Event