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Social Networks Sony Guy
1. SMALL W O RLDS: Competitive and Cooperative Structures in Online Worlds Raph Koster Creative Director Sony Online Entertainment Austin
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3. GRAPH THE O RY From Bridges to Google, or “What’s a scale-free network?”
4. How do we get there from here? The Seven Bridges problem: can you walk the whole city but cross every bridge only once? GDC 2003 – Make Better Games The Pregel River Kneiphof Island The City of Königsberg
5. There is a path! Well, sort of. Leonhard Euler creates graph theory and proves that you can’t cross each bridge only once. The City of Königsberg GDC 2003 – Make Better Games
6. Mapping the Internet Paul Baran designed the preliminary network forms for the Internet. But it actually looks very different . GDC 2003 – Make Better Games
7. GDC 2003 – Make Better Games The Internet, 2001
8. GDC 2003 – Make Better Games The Internet, 200 2
9. GDC 2003 – Make Better Games Random graph theory k= 0
10. GDC 2003 – Make Better Games Random graph theory k= 1 If you take a set of nodes, like say people, and link them randomly…
11. GDC 2003 – Make Better Games Random graph theory k= 2 … you end up with a complex graph where anyone can reach anyone.
12. GDC 2003 – Make Better Games Random graph theory k= 15 As k increases (avg links per node) islands become rarer.
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14. GDC 2003 – Make Better Games Strong ties Mark Granovetter did the early research on weak ties. In “The Strength of Weak Ties,” 1973, he found that strong ties tend to form triangles. Your two best friends likely know each other well.
15. GDC 2003 – Make Better Games Strong ties Mark Granovetter did the early research on weak ties. In “The Strength of Weak Ties,” 1973, he found that strong ties tend to form triangles. Your two best friends likely know each other well.
16. Weak ties vs. Strong ties In 1974 Granovetter’s “Getting a Job” found that you get most jobs from weak ties, not strong ones, because weak ties inhabit other clusters and therefore have different information. GDC 2003 – Make Better Games Applied directly Formal means such as ads Found job through a friend A mere acquaintance A near stranger A close friend
17. GDC 2003 – Make Better Games Clustering Watts and Strogatz introduced the “ clustering coefficient”. It is the percentage of your cluster who are friends of each other. In a star network, the coefficient is low...
18. GDC 2003 – Make Better Games Clustering In a tight cluster where everyone knows each other, it’s 1.
19. GDC 2003 – Make Better Games Weak ties are more important Why Granovetter was right: weak ties bridge clusters. In the models proposed by Erdös, there are no clusters.
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24. GDC 2003 – Make Better Games Insularity Note that a high k doesn’t mean that you are highly clustered. The highest k actors in IMDB are porn stars who all work with each other. They are an insular community.
25. GDC 2003 – Make Better Games The Erdös Number The math community uses the Erdös number to track proximity. Clustering is a sign of a highly evolved collaborative network. How advanced is the game industry?
26. Google GDC 2003 – Make Better Games Google searches by number of links to a site, hence its accuracy. It’s a “hub finder” device. This means that much of the web is effectively invisible.
27. SOCIAL NETW RKS The Psychology, Geography & Weaknesses of Communities
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36. SMALL W RLDS GDC 2003 – Make Better Games A map of scale-free networks Islands In Out Core
37. SMALL W RLDS GDC 2003 – Make Better Games A map of scale-free networks Islands In Out Core
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48. SMALL W RLDS GDC 2003 – Make Better Games Confessions of an Arch-Wizard * *Written by Michael Lawrie, aka Lorry, for MIST back in 1991. “ Full purges can be great fun if you are bored... wipe a tenth of the persona file, randomly. This way everyone worries it may be them… Personally, I used to like going onto a game as a wizard and threatening someone … [Admins] are there for the people above them to abuse, but as a sideline, they are there to abuse the people below them… To be successful at being a "big" arch-wizard you need to be extremely arrogant … wipe them and all of their friends out in one fell swoop. Make a point of doing it loudly…The odd act of kindness, like say, making a novice with a cute name a wizard, can really annoy people who have been playing for months…”
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57. GAME THE RY Interactions Between Members of the Community
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76. PARET ‘S LAW Power Laws, Fitness, Talent, and Stagnation
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101. CONCLUSI NS Concrete Recommendations for Online Game Developers
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119. THE RES URCES An Endless Bibliography for Further Reading
![[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],We’re going to go very very fast. Be warned . GDC 2003 – Make Better Games What we’re going to cover](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)