The document provides an overview of Latin case declensions and their uses. It begins by defining the nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and ablative cases. It then provides examples of how these cases are used with nouns and adjectives. The document also reviews the fourth and fifth declensions and includes vocabulary related to these concepts.
6. Fourth Declension
examples: manus, casus, gradus, versus, vultus
case singular plural
Nominative gradus gradus
Genitive gradus graduum
Dative gradui gradibus
Accusative gradum gradus
Ablative gradu gradibus
10. verbs
Chapter 17 Vocab
sum, esse = I am Adverbs
supero, supare, superavi = I overcome deinde = then, next
discedo, discedere, discessi = I go away, depart enim = for
lego, legere, legi, = I read igitur = and so, therefore
credo, credere, credidi = I believe, trust tamen =however, but
promitto, promittere, promisi = I promise
efficio, efficere, effeci = I effect, carry adjectives
candidus, -a, -um = white
nouns optimus, -a, -um = best
hora, -ae (f) = hour pessimus, -a, -um = worst
pecunia, -ae (f) = money, riches verus, -a, -um = true
divitae, -arum (f, pl) = riches vera dicere = to speak the truth
candidatus, -i (m) = candidate gravis, grave = heavy, serious
numerus, -i (m) = number
oratio, orationis (f) = speech
orationem habere = to make a speech
vulnus, vulneris (n) = wound
12. Chapter 18 Vocab
nouns
Verbs lacrima, -ae = tear
absum, abesse, afui + abl. = I am away from silva, -ae = forest
disco, discere, didici = I learn annus, -i = year
fleo, flere, flevi = I weep ignis, ignis = fire
ineo, inire, inii = I enter, begin iter, itineris = journey
transeo, transire, transii, = I cross tempus, temporis = time
studeo, studere, studui + dat. = I study ver, veris = spring
valere iubeo = I bid goodbye to dies, diei = day
vendo, vendere, vendidi = I sell
conspicio, conspicere, conspexi = I catch sight of prepositions
sine + abl = without
adjectives
longus, -a, -um = long adverbs
longe = far adhuc = still
tam = so
20. Chapter 22 nouns
turba, -ae = crowd
ludi, -orum (m. pl.) = the games
signum, -i = sign, signal
verbs vesper, vesperis = evening
spero, sperare, speravi = I hope
casus, casus = mishap, misfortune
volo, volare, volavi = I fly
currus, cursus = running; a course
faveo, favere, favi + dat = I favor, support
pareo, parere, parui + dat. = I obey
adjectives
frango, frangere, fregi = I break
contentus, -a, -um = content
perdo, perdere, perdidi = I lose, destroy
fractus, -a, -um = broken
rapio, rapere, rapui = I snatch, steal
maximus, -a, -um = greatest, very great
plurimus, -a, -um = very man
adverb
nobilis, nobile = noble, famous
quo? = where to?
talis, tale = such
vetus, veteris = old (veteran
21. Imperfect Tense!
I was verbing -bam
You were verbing -bas
(s)he was verbing -bat
we were verbing -bamus
you all you averbing
were -batis
they were verbing -bant
22. Imperfect Examples
I was preparing parabam
You were preparing parabas
(s)he was preparing parabat
we were preparing parabamus
you a were
all parabatis
preparing preparing
they were parabant
23. Imperfect Irregular Sum
I was eram
You were eras
(s)he was erat
we were eramus
you a were
all eratis
preparing
they were erant
24. Perfect Tense!
I verbed –i
You verbed -isti
(s)he verbed -it
we verbed -imus
you you a
all verbed -istis
they verbed -erunt
25. Perfect Stems
Take the stem from the THIRD PRINCIPAL PART and add the endings
First Conjugation Verbs Third Conjugation Verbs
-are verbs consonant verbs
ex. paro, parare; voco, vocare ex. regere, rexi
stem: parav-, vocav- stem: rex-
Second Conjugation Verbs Fourth Conjugation Verbs -i verbs
-e verbs ex. audio, audire
ex. monere, monui stem: audiv-
stem: monu-
26. Examples of Perfect Verbs
I prepared paravi I ruled rexi
You prepared paravisit You ruled rexisti
(s)he prepared paravit (s)he ruled rexit
we prepared paravimus we ruled reximus
you a prepared
you all you a ruled
you all rexistis
paravistis
preparing preparing
they ruled rexerunt
they prepared paraverunt
I warned monui I heard audivi
You warned monuisti You heard audivisti
(s)he warned monuit (s)he heard audivit
we warned monuimus we heard audivimus
you a warned
you all monuistis you a heard
you all audivistis
preparing
they warned monuerunt preparing
they heard audiverunt
27. Pluperfect
perfect stem + sum imperfect
I had been preparing paraveram I had been ruling rexeram
you ... paraveras You .... rexeras
(s)he... paraverat (s)he .... rexerat
we ... paraveramus we .... rexeramus
you a you a ....
you all ... paraveratis you all rexeratis
preparing
they .... paraverant they .... rexerant
I had been warning monueram I had been hearing audiveram
You ... monueras You .... audiveras
(s)he ... monuerat (s)he .... audiverat
we .... monueramus we .... audiveramus
you a .... you a
you all monueratis you .... audiveratis
preparing
they.... monuerant they .... audiverant
28. Sum Pluperfect!
I had been fueram
You had been fueras
(s)he been fuerat
we had been fueramus
you a
you had been fueratis
they had been fuerant