This document provides information and guidance about conducting an investigative geography exam, including defining key terms, establishing questions and hypotheses, collecting primary and secondary data, organizing and recording data, and presenting data using various graph types. It discusses qualitative and quantitative data and provides examples of setting up an investigation to analyze how building heights change from suburbs to the city center.

1. New Topic Investigative Geography.

9. Researcher tends to become subjectively immersed in the subject matter. Qualitative data is more 'rich', time consuming, and less able to be generalized. Subjective - individuals’ interpretation of events is important ,e.g., uses participant observation, in-depth interviews etc. Data is in the form of words, pictures or objects. Researcher is the data gathering instrument. The design emerges as the study unfolds. Recommended during earlier phases of research projects. Researcher may only know roughly in advance what he/she is looking for. The aim is a complete, detailed description. "All research ultimately has a qualitative grounding" - Donald Campbell Qualitative

10. Researcher tends to remain objectively separated from the subject matter. Quantitative data is more efficient, able to test hypotheses, but may miss contextual detail. Objective – seeks precise measurement & analysis of target concepts, e.g., uses surveys, questionnaires etc. Data is in the form of numbers and statistics. Researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires or equipment to collect numerical data. All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected. Recommended during latter phases of research projects. Researcher knows clearly in advance what he/she is looking for. The aim is to classify features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed. "There's no such thing as qualitative data. Everything is either 1 or 0" - Fred Kerlinger Quantitative

15. Compound Bar Graph

16. Simple Bar Graph