3. Spears In the old days the first peoples used spears to hunt. The end was made of stone and the handle was made of wood or bones
4. Hammers Hammers were used for crushing berries, breaking up firewood, and pounding. Hammers are made of rocks and skin straps and wood handles. They pound in stakes.
5. Hide Scrapers and knives Hide scrapers were made of sharp bones and wood handles. they were to scrape hides and the knives are used for cutting
6. Why Hammers Were Made? Hammers were made to break up fire wood, crush berries and pound stakes into the ground.
7. What Were Hide Scrapers Made up of? Hide scrapers are made up of sharp bones or stones.
8. The Handles Were Made up of Something? Hammers handle were made with skin straps and hide scrapers handles were made up of deer antlers or wood.
9. How They Caught Animals The hunters used a decoys to attract the birds for their food. The small animals like rabbits, gophers and birds were caught with a snare traps.
10. Hammers Did you know that hammers were made out of a rock for the top, wooden handle and skin straps? Hammers were used to crush berries and break up firewood.
11. How They Made Arrows When the first nations people made arrows, they made them out of branches of an ash or willow tree. The arrows helped them hunt. The arrows were lighter than spears so more things or stuff could be carried.
12. Knives Did you know that knives were made of sharp bones or stones?
14. How They Get Quills The women were trained but not all of the women. They threw a blanket over the porcupine to get quills.
15. How They Use Beads They used beads that were brighter and easier to work with. They used the beads for decoration.
16. How They Made Stuff Bison robes and tipi covers were painted. The paint came from minerals.
17. How They Decorate Their Tipis First nations decorated their tipis with lots of stuff. They somehow made glass beads and stuck it onto there tipi for decoration.
21. What They Believed In -The First Nation People believed that the sun had great power. -They also believed that the earth was the mother of all things. -They believed in the Great Spirit.
22. The Medicine Man -The Medicine Man has that name because he helps heal people. -He also would lead ceremonies and prayers to the Great Spirit.
23. The Medicine Women -There is also Medicine Women! -They would collect the plants and herbs to cure the people. -Like people who had a cold .
24. The Medicine Bundle -The Medicine Bundle was large. -It also had precious objects in it and would only be handled by certain people.
25. The Dream Catcher The Dream Catcher was on top of a baby’s cradleboard. It was believed to sort bad dreams and the good dreams. The good dream go though the middle of the web.
26. The Mandela The Mandela are similar to the shield and a Mandela gives good luck and happiness to the owner. and happiness luck to the owner. The Mandela are similar to the shied and a Mandela gives good
27. The Shield The Shield had to protect to the owner. Shields were round and were made from the coat of the male bison.
28. What a Sweat Lodge Is The Sweat Lodge was a dome-shaped tent made of willow branches. In the middle of the willow branch dome was a pit. The Sweat Lodge ceremony usually takes a couple of hours.
29. What is Smudging ? Smudging means taking smoke in someone's hands and rubbing it on a body. Smudging was a cleansing they did in Saskatchewan. They burnt certain herbs .
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31. Sign Language The first nations used sign language on surprise attacks and hunting parties. The explores and fur traders would use sign language to help them . communicate
32. Flying Animals The first nations used the eagles wings and bones for whistles. If you see an owl or hear a hoot it’s a sign of death or danger.
33. Animals The coyote was a trickster to the first nations. Some tribes believed that the coyote would transform into a human. If the first nations left the bears alone it would not hurt them.
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35. Bad Luck Some times when the first nations had no luck they would have to pray to mother earth and lead the bison to their camp.
37. What Clothing are Made of In the early days animal skin were used instead of cloth
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40. What Clothing Are Made Of Clothing was made of animals like deer, antelope and moose. The leggings that woman used to wear were made of buckskin. Dresses were made of hide and high boots were made of buffalo hide.
49. Women The women had to put up and take down the tipis. The women had to raise the children and had to gather the food. The women had to prepare the food and had to make clothing. They had to do the quilting and bead work. They taught the girls to do the same things
50. Men The men would have to hunt and protect the family. The men would have to teach the young men how to hunt and fight. They would have to make shields, tools, and weapons.
51. To Make Tools And Hunt The men Taught the boys to hunt and to make tools.
52. How old boys are when they hunt The boys are 12 years old when they get taught to hunt
53. How Many duties Women Have Women have around 14 more duties than men have. So women have to work harder than men.
54. Berries Berries were food for the first nations people. The first nations picked them off of bushes.
55. Meat The first nations also ate antelope, deer, elk, and moose. small animals were often caught in snare traps .
56. How jerky Was Made Meat was cut in to strips and hung on a tripod .It was mostly dried/ smoked meat .
58. How Big A Tipis There was enough room for 5 or 7 peoples to sleep in it.
59. Who Lives in Them The people that live in them are called First Nations people.
60. How Beds Are Made The beds are made from bison skin. They wear placed against the inside.
61. What Lined the Outside and the Inside of a Tipi On the inside fur skins lined the floor. The outside though they would line it with rocks or snow to keep warm in the winter. The fur on the inside was bear, deer or buffalo. They put rocks down to keep the tipi from blowing away.
62. How big is a tipi The biggest tipi that was ever built was sixteen feet wide. It could hold a family of five to seven people.
63. What was inside The beds in a tipi were made from buffalo skin. Inside a fire was used to cook food. Even though the tipi was big it had not a lot of furniture.
64. Setting Up and Taking Down The women can setup the tipi in less than an hour. The women could take the tipi down in minutes. The tipi was very easy to set up and take down.
65. How Big was a Tipi? A tipi was five meters wide.
66. Do They Have A Fire Inside? A fire pit inside the tipi was for cooking and for heat .
68. Early Transportation The first people had to walk until they got dogs to pull their heavy loads. The Spanish explorers were the ones who brought the horses to North America. In the 1700s some horses ran away to the north.
69. The Birch Bark Canoe The Algonquin Indians used the Birch Bark Canoe for many things like fishing, hunting, and collecting wild rice. It especially helped them with fishing.
70. Red River Carts The Red River Carts were used to pull very heavy loads. It could float on water so they used it as a raft too. The oxen and horses pulled the red river cart because the people didn’t want to pull by themselves.
71. Why they soaked their boat . The boat was first soaked in water because it makes it easier to float through the water. And people used it to get from place to place.