This document discusses the history and current state of high-performance computing (HPC) in Mexico. It outlines Mexico's first computer installation in 1958 and shows how the country has progressed, with Mexican universities and research centers appearing regularly in the Top 500 list since the 1990s. The document also examines HPC application areas in Mexico across various industries and concludes by emphasizing the importance of green computing practices like efficient algorithms, virtualization, and recycling to reduce environmental impact.

1. HPC in México:
Looking to the Future based on solid foundations
Andrei Tchernykh
Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación
Superior de Ensenada,
Ensenada, Baja California, México
chernykh@cicese.mx
http://www.cicese.mx/~chernykh
RISC, México, 2011

2. HPC History
Mainframe
PC
Workstation
Cluster
(by Christophe Jacquet)
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 2

3. HPC History
GRID
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4. HPC History
PaaS
Platform as a Service
SaaS
Software as a Service
HPCaaS
IaaS
High Performance
Infrastructure as a
Computing as a Service
Service
Cloud Computing
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5. 2008
50 años de la instalación de la 1ª.
Computadora en México
1958
IBM-650
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6. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1993.06
1993.11
1994.06
1994.11
1995.06
1995.11
1996.06
1996.11
1997.06
1997.11
1998.06
1998.11
1999.06
1999.11
2000.06
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
2000.11
2001.06
2001.11
2002.06
2002.11
2003.06
2003.11
2004.06
2004.11
2005.06
2005.11
2006.06
Mexico
2006.11
2007.06
2007.11
Number of computers in Top 500
2008.06
2008.11
2009.06
2009.11
2010.06
2010.11
2011.06
Mexico
6

7. 06. 1993
Rank Site Computer Cores Year Rmax Rpeak
Universidad
Nacional Y-MP4/432
246 4 1991 1.159 1.333
Autonoma de Cray Inc.
Mexico
06.2009
Rank Site Computer Cores Year Rmax Rpeak
Universidad
Lufac Cluster, Intel
226 Autonoma 18.48 25.44
Xeon E54xx 3.0 Ghz, 2120 2009
Metropolitana
Infiniband
Mexico
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 7

8. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
Mexico
List Systems Ranking Sum Rmax (GFlops)
06/2007 1 309 5090.00
11/2006 1 126 5090.00
11/1997 1 459 10.42
06/1997 1 324 10.42
11/1994 1 492 1.16
06/1994 1 378 1.16
11/1993 1 292 1.16
06/1993 1 246 1.16
309 Cluster Platform 4000 DL145 Opteron Dual Core 2.6 GHz
Infiniband, Hewlett-Packard 1360 cores
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 8

9. Universidad Autonoma
Metropolitana
Sum Rmax
List Systems Highest Ranking
(GFlops)
06/2009 1 441 18.48
11/2008 1 226 18.48
06/1996 1 385 4.14
11/1995 1 268 4.14
06/1995 1 197 4.14
11/1994 2 157 5.62
Lufac Cluster, Intel Xeon E54xx 3.0 Ghz, Infiniband, 2120 cores
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 9

10. Geoscience
Sum Rmax
List Systems Highest Ranking
(GFlops)
11/2005 3 351 6078.00
06/2005 3 201 6078.00
11/2004 3 118 6078.00
06/2004 3 89 6078.00
11/2003 3 83 3889.05
351 xSeries Xeon 2.8 GHz, Gig-Ethernet IBM 706 cores
Grupo Electra
Sum Rmax
List Systems Highest Ranking
(GFlops)
11/2002 1 422 197.30
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 10

11. Banco Azteca
List Systems Ranking Sum Rmax (GFlops)
06/2007 1 391 4704.00
06/2005 1 399 1330.60
11/2004 1 261 1210.00
391 Integrity Superdome, Itanium2 DC 1.6 GHz, HyperPlex
Hewlett-Packard 980 cores
Pemex Gas
List Systems Ranking Sum Rmax (GFlops)
06/2003 1 412 289.00
11/2002 1 218 289.00
06/2000 1 361 48.93
06/1996 1 323 4.62
412 Netfinity Cluster PIII 1 GHz – Eth IBM 1024 cores
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 11

12. Instituto Latinoamericano
Sum Rmax
List Systems Highest Ranking
(GFlops)
06/2005 1 462 1210.00
11/2004 1 280 1210.00
462 Integrity Superdome, 1.5 GHz, HPlex Hewlett-Packard 256 cores
ITESM
Sum Rmax
List Systems Highest Ranking
(GFlops)
11/1993 1 409 0.66
SP1 IBM 8 cores
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 12

13. Telcel
List Systems Ranking Sum Rmax (GFlops)
11/2001 1 335 118.10
06/2001 1 228 118.10
11/2000 1 179 118.10
06/2000 2 159 123.93
06/1999 1 436 26.38
11/1998 1 273 26.38
335 HPC 10000 400 MHz Cluster Sun Microsystems 192
SAT/ISOSA
Servicio de Administración Tributaria, México
List Systems Ranking Sum Rmax (GFlops)
11/2003 1 328 517.00
06/2003 1 182 517.00
328 SuperDome 875 MHz/HyperPlex Hewlett-Packard 256
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 13

14. Top 500 Ranking
600
500
400
300
Mexico
Spain
200
100
0
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15. Application Areas

16. Application Areas
Aerospace
Automotive
Biology
Consulting
Database
Defense
Electronics
2011 Energy
Environment
Finance
Geophysics
Hardware
Information Service
Life Science
Medicine
Telecomm
Transportation
Weather and Climate Research
WWW
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17. Old and New Application Areas
2000
Chemistry
Manufacturing
Mechanics
Pharmaceutics
2011
Retail Logistic Services
Research Service
Software Weather Forecasting
Semiconductor Digital Media
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18. My first job
The Elbrus (Russian: Эльбрус) is a line of Soviet and Russian computer
systems developed by Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and
Computer Engineering, Moscow.
1975
Data flow
Models of Parallel
Computation
Processing of
Incolmplete Information
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 18

19. My Research Areas
HPC
Real Time Systems
Cloud Computing
Resource optimization Scheduling
Multiobjective online offline
Optimization
List Scheduling Stealing
Computational Scheduling with
Intelligence System Level Agreement
Approximation
Knowledge Free Algorithms
Scheduling with
Uncertainty Workflow Orchestration
Grid Computing

20. Collaboration
Universidad Autónoma de Baja
California
Mexico Universidad Autónoma de
Nuevo León
Tecnológico de Monterrey
Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia
Alemania Centro de Estudios Superiores
del Estado de Sonora
Dortmund University
Prof. Uwe Schwiegelshohn CICESE EUA
University of Göttingen
Prof. Ramin Yahyapour Ohio University, USA
Prof . Klaus Ecker
University of California –
Irvine, CA, USA
Prof. Isaac Scherson,
Rusia Prof. Jean Luc Gaudiot
Francia
Institute for System
Programming, Russian
Academy of Sciences Institute of Informatics and
Dr. Nikolay Kuzurin Applied Mathematics of Grenoble
Prof. Denis Trystram

21. Green Computing

22. Important issues – fossil fuels
Average desktop computer with monitor requires
• 10 times its weight in chemicals and fossil fuels to
produce
• 266 kg of fossil fuel for LCD monitor
• 4 litres of oil for laser toner cartridge
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23. Important issues – electronic-waste
• Over 130,000 PCs dumped in US homes & businesses…each day
• Less than 10% of electronics are recycled
• Est. 50 million tons of e-waste is generated globally each year
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24. Electronic Waste
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 24

25. Important issues – toxic waste
Electronic waste is an increasing problem
• up to 70% of all hazardous waste.
• high in many toxic materials (heavy metals, plastics)
• can easily leach into ground water and bio-accumulate
• CRT – graphite/zinc leachate (monitors are hazardous waste)
• Lead (plomo): can attack proteins and DNA, as well as
interfere with nervous system function
• LCD – 4-12 mg mercury /unit
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26. Important issues – wasting electricity
The average desktop PC wastes Cooling towers
• nearly half the power it consumes
• one-third of their power as heat
• Energy consumed by data centres worldwide doubled from 2000 to
2005
• The more powerful the machine, the more cool air needed to keep it
from overheating.
• By 2005, the energy required to power and cool servers accounted
for about 1.2% of total U.S. electricity consumption
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 26

27. The way out
Algorithmic efficiency
• has an impact on the amount of computer resources required for any given
computing function
Resource allocation
• cut energy usage by routing traffic and resource usage
Virtualization
• Use what you need (Cloud computing)
Sophisticated power management
Operating system support
Power supply
Storage
Video card
Display
Materials recycling
Telecommuting
• reduction of greenhouse gas emissions related to travel
Education and Certification
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 27

28. CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 28

29. HPC in México:
Looking to the Future based on solid foundations
Andrei Tchernykh
Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación
Superior de Ensenada,
Ensenada, Baja California, México
chernykh@cicese.mx
http://www.cicese.mx/~chernykh
RISC, México, 2011