1. Period 6: 1900-Present

2. REASONS FOR REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA
Czar’s government
used fear and terror
Weak Leadership of
Czar Nicholas II
Russia was an autocracy!
The Czar had
complete power
Huge difference
between social classes
(4/5 of population
were peasants)
Czar’s wife under influence of
Rasputin
Agitation from intelligentsia,
socialists, communists
And anarchists
Defeat in
Russo-Japanese War (1905)
Czar kept dismissing the Duma
Bloody Sunday Massacre (1905)
Russia’s Involvement in World War I
1. Defeated by German army – many Russians captured or killed
2. Russian army had outdated and limited weapons
3. Railway network was poor – limited transport of food and supplies
4. Czar took command of army – He was directly to blame!

4. Challenges to the Czar

5. The Rise of a Leader

6. The Rise of an Ideology

7. The Decay of a Dynasty

8. The March Revolution (Provisional Government)

9. The Return of Lenin

10. The November Revolution (Bolshevik)

11. The Civil War (Reds vs Whites)

12. The New Economic Policy

13. Film Clip
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

14. What part of the story is this painting depicting?

15. Soviet Empire and Socialist RealismSoviet Empire and Socialist Realism
Do Now:Do Now: Why would communist leaders want art
that looked realistic instead of abstract?

16. Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin

18. Death of Lenin: 1924Death of Lenin: 1924
• Lenin suffered from a
series of strokes in 1922-
1923
• He was unable to walk or
speak and eventually died
in 1924
• Lenin suffered from a
series of strokes in 1922-
1923
• He was unable to walk or
speak and eventually died
in 1924
Lenin’s death set off a
fearsome power struggle
between Joseph Stalin
and Leon Trotsky with
terrible consequences
for the Russian people….
Lenin’s death set off a
fearsome power struggle
between Joseph Stalin
and Leon Trotsky with
terrible consequences
for the Russian people….

19. • Prominent member of the
Politburo
• Named Secretary of the
communist party and built up
political alliances
• Ruthless and power-hungry
• Prominent member of the
Politburo
• Named Secretary of the
communist party and built up
political alliances
• Ruthless and power-hungry
StalinStalin TrotskyTrotsky
• Part of military organization
• Led the Red army to fight the White
army during the Civil War.
• Great speaker and intellectual who
wanted a world-wide communist
revolution
• Part of military organization
• Led the Red army to fight the White
army during the Civil War.
• Great speaker and intellectual who
wanted a world-wide communist
revolution
Killed in 1940!Killed in 1940!Stalin schemed his way into power,
using a series of ruthless political moves
Stalin schemed his way into power,
using a series of ruthless political moves
“I am not sure that Comrade Stalin will always use
his power properly. Comrade Trotsky, on the other
hand, is distinguished by his outstanding ability.”
Lenin’s Will (1923).
“I am not sure that Comrade Stalin will always use
his power properly. Comrade Trotsky, on the other
hand, is distinguished by his outstanding ability.”
Lenin’s Will (1923).

22. • Lenin set down the brutal rules for
the Soviet System.
• Stalin built that system into a
global power
• Lenin set down the brutal rules for
the Soviet System.
• Stalin built that system into a
global power
• Lenin was willing to share power &
tolerate some debate inside the
Party.
• Stalin insisted on absolute
obedience and all the power.
• Lenin was willing to share power &
tolerate some debate inside the
Party.
• Stalin insisted on absolute
obedience and all the power.
• Lenin took great risks to spread
Communist Revolution.
• Stalin wanted security and power
for the Soviet Union even if it
harmed the chances for
Communist revolution elsewhere.
• Lenin took great risks to spread
Communist Revolution.
• Stalin wanted security and power
for the Soviet Union even if it
harmed the chances for
Communist revolution elsewhere.

23. Glorification of StalinGlorification of Stalin
Religious PersecutionReligious Persecution
Five-Year PlansFive-Year Plans
CollectivizationCollectivization
Reign of TerrorReign of Terror
Control of Cultural LifeControl of Cultural Life
Examine images of Stalin and
categorize them into one of
these 6 groups!

24. The Glorification
of Stalin
Stalin developed what
became known as a
"personality cult".
Artists painted
pictures glorifying
Stalin and His
accomplishments.

25. The Glorification of Stalin
He gained the nickname "Uncle Joe" which was an attempt to develop an
image of a kind, homely man who was the ‘father’ of all Russians.

26. Leader Stalin with scouts

27. • Stalin's control over Russia
meant that freedom was
the one thing that people
lost.
• The people of Russia had
to read, listen to, see and
learn only what the state
allowed.
• The state’s control of the
media was total.
State-Controlled MediaState-Controlled Media

28. This was all called "Social Realism". Those who wrote poems and novels had to
glorify Stalin. Some artists and authors were so depressed by all this that they
committed suicide rather than do what the state ordered them to do. Many others
tried to leave the country.
"Stalin as an Organizer of the October Revolution" by Karp Trokhimenko
Socialist Realism Art

29. • Those who attempted to listen to or read anything else were severely
punished and sent to labor camps.

30. According to these
images, what do you
think is a major goal
that Stalin wants to
achieve?
According to these
images, what do you
think is a major goal
that Stalin wants to
achieve?
Read Document
and answer
question

31. •Stalin ended Lenin’s NEP, which allowed some capitalism
•Agriculture was collectivized, and large scale forced labor enforced upon peasants.
•Plan was to increase crop production and use profits for State industry
CollectivizationCollectivization

32. Celebration on a collective farm

33. •As a result of their opposition, several million peasants met
death by an engineered famine and genocide.
•As a result of their opposition, several million peasants met
death by an engineered famine and genocide.
Ukrainian Famine
Film ClipFilm Clip

34. Success of Collectivization

35. They are writing about us in Pravda

36. Do Now:
1. Get into groups of 4
2. Exchange Storybooks
3. Read and Critique
Storybooks using
worksheet.
4. Be honest, but also be
kind!
1. Get into groups of 4
2. Exchange Storybooks
3. Read and Critique
Storybooks using
worksheet.
4. Be honest, but also be
kind!

37. Industrialization
•Stalin started the rapid
development of economy with
Five-Year Plans, first of
which were launched in 1927.
•All the resources were
commanded by state to
ensure rapid industrialization.
•Heavy investment was done
in industry, at the cost of
agriculture and consumer
goods.
•Stalin started the rapid
development of economy with
Five-Year Plans, first of
which were launched in 1927.
•All the resources were
commanded by state to
ensure rapid industrialization.
•Heavy investment was done
in industry, at the cost of
agriculture and consumer
goods.

40. Alexey Stakhanov –
Hero of Socialism

43. “Planner’s Preferences” not
“Consumer’s Preferences”
Command Economy

44. A Russian
Family with
Stalin.
A Russian
Family with
Stalin.
Cultural
Life
How does Stalin use
Socialist Realist Art and
Propaganda to control
people?
How does Stalin use
Socialist Realist Art and
Propaganda to control
people?

45. 'Thanks to the Party,
Thanks to Dear Stalin for
a Happy, Joyful
Childhood'
How does Stalin use Socialist
Realist Art and Propaganda to
control people?
How does Stalin use Socialist
Realist Art and Propaganda to
control people?

46. Female Athletes

47. Education

49. Education

50. Communist Values

51. • The Great Purges – 1934 and 1939.
• Stalin put on ‘show trials’, where the accused pleaded guilty to impossible charges of
treason.
• During Stalin's rule of the country over 20 million people were sent to labor camps,
where nearly half of them died.
• The Great Purges – 1934 and 1939.
• Stalin put on ‘show trials’, where the accused pleaded guilty to impossible charges of
treason.
• During Stalin's rule of the country over 20 million people were sent to labor camps,
where nearly half of them died.
Reign of Terror

52. Doctored Photos

53. Doctored Photos

54. Doctored Photos

55. Why the hell would anyone make those works on their
own? We were ordered. If you didn’t agree to do it,
they would either kill you or send you to Siberia.
Naturally the entire culture was declared as a tool for
propaganda. If you wanted to do something for
yourself, art for yourself, you had to also give a tribute
to the ideology.”
- Lithuanian artist
Why the hell would anyone make those works on their
own? We were ordered. If you didn’t agree to do it,
they would either kill you or send you to Siberia.
Naturally the entire culture was declared as a tool for
propaganda. If you wanted to do something for
yourself, art for yourself, you had to also give a tribute
to the ideology.”
- Lithuanian artist
Social-Realism
“Social on the inside and realistic on the outside,”
the most effective style for controlling the public.

56. Western Art
Comparison

58. Comparison

59. Comparison

60. In turn, artists complied with State demands and produced in a naturalist,
academic style. They wouldn't dare to even dream of abstract art.
In turn, artists complied with State demands and produced in a naturalist,
academic style. They wouldn't dare to even dream of abstract art.
“Ideas are more powerful than
guns. We would not let our
enemies have guns, why should
we let them have ideas.”

61. Marcel Duchamp - Cubism
Nude Descending
a Staircase, No. 2
1912

62. Marcel Duchamp
Fountain

63. Salvador Dali
Persistence of Memory

64. Salvador Dali
Surrealism

65. Salvador Dali

66. Andy Warhol – Pop Art

67. Andy
Warhol

68. Jackson Pollack, 1950

70. Socialist
Realism
Abstract Art