American leaders wanted enough nuclear weapons to deter the Soviet Union, but this proved ineffective as the two countries did not trust each other due to their opposing economic ideologies. The Soviets shocked the world by detonating their first atomic bomb in 1949, much sooner than Americans expected. They further demonstrated their capabilities by launching satellites in 1957 and 1959, concerning the U.S. as the Soviet Union closed the nuclear technology gap despite initially focusing on long-range inaccurate missiles.