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Effects of Snowpack Parameters  and Layering Processes  at X- and Ku-band Backscatter Ali Nadir Arslan 1 ,  Jouni Pulliainen 1 , Juha Lemmetyinen 1 ,  Thomas Nagler  2 ,Helmut Rott 2 , Michael Kern 3 Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, P.O.Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland Email: ali.nadir.arslan@fmi.fi 2 ENVEO IT GmbH ICT Technologiepark Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck,Austria 3 European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) Keplerlaan 1 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ACTIVITIES: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ESA Nordic Snow Radar Experiment (NoSREx) Reference instruments for space-borne monitoring of the cryosphere ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Intensive Observation Area (IOA) 28.07.11 67  21.712    N   26  38.270   E Site typical boreal coniferous forest on mineral soil Average permanent snow cover:  6th Nov – 25 May (1971-2000) Average maximum snow depth: 80 cm  Easy access and technical support   Sodankylä FMI Arctic Research Centre, Sodankylä, Finland
Intensive Observation Area (IOA) Measurement towers for instrument installation (5 m, 8m, 38m) In vicinity of meteorological/ atmospheric sounding observations and CO2 flux measurements Manual snow cover measurements on site Automatic sensors (soil moisture and temperature profile, SWE, snow depth, snow temperature profile) L to W band radiometers Bi- weekly snowpits X- to Ku-band scatterometer Automatic sensors (Soil moisture, Temperature, bulk SWE, Snow Depth) Photo: webcam on 38 m tower
Active microwave observations - SnowScat ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MODELING: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The main input parameters for the second-order DMRT model
CONLUSION REMARK : ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
X-band HH-Pol. Ku-band HH-Pol.
CONLUSION REMARK: ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
CONLUSION REMARK: ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
X-band HH-Pol. Ku-band HH-Pol.
CONLUSION REMARK: ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
CONLUSION REMARK: ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Snow densities of layer 1 (rho1) and layer 2 (rho2) were set to 160 and to 300 kg/m3 ,  respectively.  Incidence angle (theta) was set to 40 degrees . Snowrms and soilrms were set to 2mm and 3mm respectively. The depth of snow layer 2 (d2) was kept as 10 cm for all simulations and the depth of snow layer 1 (d1) was increased from 20cm to 200cm. The grain size of snow layer 2 was kept constant as rad2 = 1mm and the grain size of snow layer 1 was set as rad1 = 0.1mm,  0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm.
 
X-band HH-Pol. Ku-band HH-Pol.
CONLUSION REMARK: ,[object Object],Temporal evolution of snow pack through a typical metamorphosis process where depth hoar is evolving and snow grain size in the top layer increases with time.
 
CONLUSION REMARK: ,[object Object]
 
 
CONLUSION REMARKS: ,[object Object]
Comparison with the measurement data: X-band HH-Pol. Ku-band HH-Pol.
Sigma0 (dB) Typical value Grain size  Max grain size 1 mm Min grain size 0.1 mm … .. Grain shape  … .. All min/max effects
Set of parameters: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
 
 
Soil RMS differences effect on Sigma0
KEY FINDINGS: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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1_Arslan_Igarss2011.ppt

  • 1. Effects of Snowpack Parameters and Layering Processes at X- and Ku-band Backscatter Ali Nadir Arslan 1 , Jouni Pulliainen 1 , Juha Lemmetyinen 1 , Thomas Nagler 2 ,Helmut Rott 2 , Michael Kern 3 Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, P.O.Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland Email: ali.nadir.arslan@fmi.fi 2 ENVEO IT GmbH ICT Technologiepark Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck,Austria 3 European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) Keplerlaan 1 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
  • 2.
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  • 5. Intensive Observation Area (IOA) 28.07.11 67  21.712  N 26  38.270  E Site typical boreal coniferous forest on mineral soil Average permanent snow cover: 6th Nov – 25 May (1971-2000) Average maximum snow depth: 80 cm Easy access and technical support Sodankylä FMI Arctic Research Centre, Sodankylä, Finland
  • 6. Intensive Observation Area (IOA) Measurement towers for instrument installation (5 m, 8m, 38m) In vicinity of meteorological/ atmospheric sounding observations and CO2 flux measurements Manual snow cover measurements on site Automatic sensors (soil moisture and temperature profile, SWE, snow depth, snow temperature profile) L to W band radiometers Bi- weekly snowpits X- to Ku-band scatterometer Automatic sensors (Soil moisture, Temperature, bulk SWE, Snow Depth) Photo: webcam on 38 m tower
  • 7.
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  • 9. The main input parameters for the second-order DMRT model
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  • 22. Snow densities of layer 1 (rho1) and layer 2 (rho2) were set to 160 and to 300 kg/m3 , respectively. Incidence angle (theta) was set to 40 degrees . Snowrms and soilrms were set to 2mm and 3mm respectively. The depth of snow layer 2 (d2) was kept as 10 cm for all simulations and the depth of snow layer 1 (d1) was increased from 20cm to 200cm. The grain size of snow layer 2 was kept constant as rad2 = 1mm and the grain size of snow layer 1 was set as rad1 = 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm.
  • 23.  
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  • 31. Comparison with the measurement data: X-band HH-Pol. Ku-band HH-Pol.
  • 32. Sigma0 (dB) Typical value Grain size Max grain size 1 mm Min grain size 0.1 mm … .. Grain shape … .. All min/max effects
  • 33.
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  • 35.  
  • 36.  
  • 37.  
  • 38.  
  • 39. Soil RMS differences effect on Sigma0
  • 40.