1. Great Cloud
of Witnesses
Session 1

3. Council of Constantinople
A.D. 381
“We believe … in the Holy Spirit, the Lord
and the Life-Giver, who proceeds from
the Father [and from the Son], who with
the Father and the Son is together
worshiped and together glorified, who
spoke through the prophets.”

6. Ignatius at
the end …

8. Justin Martyr
A.D. 153
“For numberless demoniacs
throughout the whole world, and
in your city, many of our Christian
men exorcising them in the name
of Jesus Christ, who was crucified
under Pontius Pilate, have healed
and do heal, rendering helpless
and driving the possessing devils
out of the men, though they could
not be cured by all the other
exorcists, and those who used
incantations and drugs.”
Second Apology [Defense]

10. Irenaeus
A.D. 185?
“In like manner do we also hear
many brethren in the Church
who possess prophetic gifts, and
who through the Spirit speak all
kinds of languages, and bring to
light for the general benefit the
hidden things of men and
declare the mysteries of God,
whom also the apostles term
‘spiritual.’”
--Against Heresies, Book V, chap. 6