Free software has achieved amazing things in many fields, one of which is open publishing. The application of the open source methodology to this sphere has created a new media force - one that has already had a massive impact on the world through its successful efforts to block the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) in the US. That, in its turn, helped people mobilise against the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) in 2012, which is now providing a template to resist the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP).
2.
30+ years of free software
Richard Stallman (born 1953)
hacker at MIT's AI Lab
free operating system
GNU project 1983
"GNU's Not Unix"
GNU General Public Licence
written constitution for hackers
3.
20+ years of Linux
Linus Torvalds (born December
1969)
"I'm doing a (free) operating
system (just a hobby, won't be big
and professional like gnu)" - 25
August 1991
Linux 0.01 (10 users)- September
1991
Linux 0.12 (100s users) - January
1992
Linux 1.0 (100,000s users) - March
1994
4.
15+ years of open source
Freeware Summit April 1998
Richard Stallman not invited
avoid ambiguity of "free
software"
"freeware", "sourceware", "freed
software", "open source"
suggested by Christine Peterson,
Foresight Institute
Open Source Definition
other licences
5.
free/libre/open source
software won
Internet
the Web itself is open source
Apache, nginx, BIND, Sendmail
supercomputers
93% of top 500 supercomputers run
Linux
smartphones
80% run Android
embedded/Internet of Things
6.
what is free software?
a philosophy (Richard Stallman)
the freedom to run the program as
you wish, for any purpose.
the freedom to study how the
program works, and change it so it
does your computing as you wish.
the freedom to redistribute copies
so you can help your neighbour.
the freedom to distribute copies
of your modified versions to
others.
7.
what is open source?
a methodology (Linus Torvalds)
Net-based
open to everyone
liberal licence
collaborative
modular
produces better code, more
quickly, that spreads more
rapidly
open innovation
8.
open methodology
open content
open access
open data
open science
open government
open hardware
open everything...
9.
open content
Wikipedia (2001)
Creative Commons licences (2001)
social media sharing
Blogger, Tumblr
Facebook, vKontakte
Twitter, Google+, Sina Weibo
YouTube, Dailymotion, Vimeo
Flickr, Instagram
WhatsApp, Snapchat, Viber, WeChat,
Tencent QQ
10.
open access
arXiv preprint repository
16 August 1991 - 9 days before 1st
announcement of Linux
Paul Ginsparg
knew of Richard Stallman
knew free software, used it
Public Library of Science (PLOS)
August 2001
inspired by arXiv
public genome databases
11.
open data
Human Genome Project (1990)
collaborative open genomic data
Bermuda Principles (1996): rapid
release of data into public domain
OpenStreetMap (2004)
collaborative open map data
inspired by Wikipedia
open journalism
bellingcat.com (2014)
"open source" information
12.
open science
chemistry: Blue Obelisk
"driven by a belief in Open
Source, Open Standards and Open
Data, expressed in code, data,
algorithms, specifications,
tutorials, demonstrations,
articles"
mathematics: Gowers's Polymath
astronomy: Galaxy Zoo
100,000 people classified 900,000
galaxies
13.
open hardware
Arduino (2005)
single-board microcontroller for
interactive projects
open source cars
open source 3D printer - RepRap
self-replicating
open source code
open source hardware
14.
open everything
open source wellness shoes
open politics (crowdsourcing)
Icelandic constitution
Finnish copyright reform
open money
Bitcoin Core (MIT licence)
open blockchain
15.
open publishing
applying the open source
methodology to publishing
Net-based
open to everyone
liberal licence
collaborative
modular
16.
net-based
"Freedom of the press is
guaranteed only to those who own
one" - A. J. Liebling
the Internet is our universal
press, almost free (low barriers)
overturns 5000 years of
publishing inequality
17.
open to everyone
default setting is open
vast majority of blogs are free
removing barriers to access
blogs are the antithesis to
earlier control of information
completes revolution begun by
printing and literacy
18.
liberal licence
refers to creative elements, not
the code
encourages re-use (at best) or
quotation and linking (at least)
indeed, mostly no licence,
because there is a presumption
that things will be passed on
19.
collaborative
liberal licensing - whether
explicit or implicit - encourages
commentary and re-use
replaces competitive ethos of
traditional publishing
encourages building on existing
work
introduces new ethics: always
give attribution and linkback
20.
modular
multiple levels
blogs are granular
millions of them on every subject
imaginable
can serve micromarkets
basic unit is the blog post
easy to write large numbers of
posts, as often as desired
21.
power of open publishing
Berkman analysis: "networked
public sphere"
"Social Mobilization and the
Networked Public Sphere: Mapping
the SOPA-PIPA Debate" (2013)
Anti-Counterfeiting Trade
Agreement (ACTA)
Transatlantic Trade and
Investment Partnership (TTIP)
same trajectory as SOPA/PIPA and
ACTA
22.
a superior metaphor
open publishing
not an "echo chamber"
cacophony of overlapping voices
suggests inferior copies
something far superior
symphony of voices
sometimes harmonious, sometimes
dissonant
supersaturated solution
23.
have a "super" time
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