Integrated Drought Management GWP Central and Eastern Europe
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Integrated Drought Management GWP Central and Eastern Europe
- 1. Integrated Drought Management Programme in Central and Eastern Europe WACDEP Global Technical Coordination Workshop Port of Spain, 24 June 2014 Sabina Bokal, IDMP CEE Project manager
- 2. Global Water and Climate Programme
- 3. Partners National Scientific Center for Global Changes (BG) Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation (CZ) 10 Country Water10 Country Water Partnerships & 40Partnerships & 40 organizationsorganizations University of Debrecen (HUN) Vilnius University (LT) Institute of Ecology and Geography (MD) Institute of Agricultural and Forest Environment (PL) Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (PL) National Meteorological Administration (ROM) Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute (SK) Slovenian Forestry Institute Biotechnical Faculty (SLO) Limnos Ltd. (SLO) Ukrainian Research Institute of Forest and Forest Melioration (UA)
- 4. Increase the capacity of the CEE region to adapt to climatic variability by enhancing resilience to drought. National planning processes
- 5. 1. Support the process of preparation of the Drought Management Plans WP2 to facilitate national governments to incorporate drought management issues into their national programs, policies and plans o the first step from crisis management to risk management approach o to minimize the adverse impacts on the economy, social life and environment when drought appears o to be prepared in advance o directly linked to WFD & RBMP („...to develop a DMP as a supplementary measure, in case of obligatory measures are not sufficient to avoid water scarcity“) Guidelines support tool National Consultation Dialogues acceptance at the policy level
- 6. 1st National consultation dialogues Case study existing Guidelines Guidelines Final version 2nd National consultation dialogues Guidelines Draft version plans June October / November April 2015 WP2 review of the current status o region specific conditions o identify the gaps Stakeholders platform How to develop the key items of DMPs? http://www.gwp.org/en/GWP- CEE/IDMPCEE/National-Planning/
- 7. WP5 testing innovative solutions for better resilience to drought o collecting and analyzing data through demonstration projects is the most effective approach and contributes to the enhancement of knowledge and capacity development o promoting innovative solutions that address critical water security challenges to enhance drought resilience of countries and communities o focusing on different aspects of drought management and involvement of different sectors outside „water“ sector o results included into Good Practice Compendium, Guidelines for DMP, GWP Toolbox, ... 2. Demonstration projects
- 8. • mitigation measure – to adjust to extreme variability in water quantities (release/use of water during dry periods) • to improve water retention potential of the landscapes • small dikes and polders, restoration of wetlands and changes in the forest and agricultural practices, etc. • Guidelines: to combine drought mitigation, flood protection and biodiversity conservation • Natural Water Retention Measures Initiative (www. nwrm.eu) Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia Limnos; 2013 Limnos; 2013 Revitalization of the river stream Retention of the agricultural runoff
- 9. • to test the methods for improving water infiltration into the soil profile • field experiments with mixture of different „techniques“: sub-soiling, with and without tillage, composting tillage, organic fertilizers applications, ... – to improve soil structure • practical examples of soil water holding capacity regultations + how to include proposals into DMP or already exsisting agro-enviromental plans Slovakia, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Poland Slovakia, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Poland Increasing soil water holding capacity Muller; Slovakia Laboratory rain simulator; CZ Mihelic; Slovenia
- 10. Bulgaria, Ukraine, Slovenia, Lithuania Bulgaria, Ukraine, Slovenia, Lithuania Drought impact on forest ecosystems • 4 GWP CEE countries with forest area 35% of total regional forests • forests have significant impact on the water regime of territories • measures for forest adaptation, mitigation of the negative effects of climate change o analysis of forest ecosystems – vulnerability zones of the forest vegetation for the present climate (61-90) and for the year 2050 and 2100 (different scenarios: realistic, optimistic, pessimistic) o measures for adaptation for differetn zones (high level of vulnerability, low level) Sakar Mountain; Bulgaria, 1999
- 11. Identification of agricultural drought characteristics & monitoring method through the application of remote sensing data.Hungary, Slovakia, RomaniaHungary, Slovakia, Romania Remote sensing agricultural drought monitoring methods Ukraine, MoldovaUkraine, Moldova Agricultural drought monitoring and forecasting Poland, Romania, LithuaniaPoland, Romania, Lithuania Drought Risk Management Scheme Upgrade data assessment and forecasting tools to support drought management and monitoring. Developing a framework for an integrated operational drought risk management system that can be adjusted to a given drought context.
- 12. o Drought Management Center for Southeastern Europe o Cooperation with River Basin Organizations (ICPDR, ISRBC): • observer status • River Base Management Expert Group (May, 2014 in Zagreb) o European Drought Observatory (EDO) - platform for exchanging drought information o Water management and sustainable economic development for Kaliningrad 3. Regional Cooperation WP1 to enhance regional and transboundary cooperation in the field of drought management
- 13. to increase the capacities and drought-related knowledge of the key actors WP6 o 2 regional workshops Slovakia, October 2013; Slovenia, April 2014 o Joint IDMP CEE & DMCSEE workshop and capacity building training Budapest, October 2014 4. Capacity building
- 14. o compendium of existing good practices in drought management o to raise awareness about severe drought conditions through efficient dissemination mechanisms Web page leaflet Video – in the making Photo competition WP75. Knowledge & awareness rising
- 15. http://www.gwp.org/en/GWP-CEE/IDMPCEE/ Thank you for your attention!
Notas do Editor
- - few partners on the map 10 CEE countries: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine Over 40 differnet organizations: Ministries & state agencies Universities Hydro-Meteo services Research institutes River basins directorates Regional centres: DMCSEE To cover all sector all levels
- We have started with the programme in March 2013 – activities started in August 2013; one year of implementation You all are following the logframe We are trying to achieve our main goal: - regional & national cooperation - demo projects - sharing knowledge & rising awareness
- How is this programm helping GWP CEE to on drought management One of our main actviites are connected with support the national development The IDMP CEE focuses mainly on current gaps in the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). One of the WFD requirements for a River Basin Management Plan is to develop a Drought Management Plan as a supplementary measure, in case obligatory measures are not sufficient to avoid water scarcity. However, this requirement was not fulfilled in any of the participating CEE countries. This, therefore, is the main reason why the IDMP CEE aims to develop Guidelines as a support tool for preparing Drought Management Plans in each participating country.
- Time frame and approach; Both activates implemented parallel 1. Review – summarizes the assesment of the drought relevance within the region and identify the gaps in the national drought management strategies in comparison to EU strategy - country-specific conditions; on what „points“ we need to focus in DMPs: - drought is considered to be a relevant phenomenon by all the involved countries - development of the Drought Management Plan within RBMP (till December 2015) - little political will to recognize drought as a relevant issue - Well developed meteorological and hydrological monitoring but not as support for decision makers - organizational arrangements as one of the main weaknesses of the region - insufficient coordination and communication among sectors and institutions - lack of information and knowledge sharing among countries 2. Exsisting guidleines: - wmo guidelines & other - Be in line with current EU drought policy as expressed in relevant official documents (e.g. A Blueprint to Safeguard Europe´s Water Resources; UNCCD Convention); - Apply an integrated approach in agreement with WFD objectives for RBMPs; - Follow existing relevant official documents (e.g. reports, guidelines) developed within the Common Implementation Strategy for WFD (CIS), under coordination of the EC; 3. Testing in national conditions - Be a practical tool based on the practical experiences of countries which prepared DMPs (e.g. Slovak case study, DMPs in the participating countries); Assessment of one drought period (2011/2012) with the aim to develop a national drought indicator system, early warning system and further basic elements (thresholds for classification of drought stages, mitigation measures) for the production of Drought management Plan. Output will be used as a basis for activity 2.1. Guidelines for Drought Management Plans. - Respect country-specific conditions (i.e. experiences from the individual participating countries). - practical tool based on the practical experiences of countries which prepared DMPs (e.g. Slovak case study, DMPs in the participating countries); 4. NCDs: The main objective of the National Consultation Dialogues (NCDs) in all CEE IDMP countries is to assemble national experts from the national institutions dealing with different aspects of drought processes and open the expert discussion on the IDMP in the region. The main item of the NCDs agenda was discussion on the current drought situation in the country following the questions of the Questionnaire (see Activity 1.2). In conclusions the next steps for continuation of the national dialogue were outlined. Moreover, several good ideas and recommendations for further development of the Guidelines were generated (terminology, legislation, risk assessment, etc.). Plans: - comments from policy level & colelction of additional data - workshop – discussed with partners (also where to put other activites) -
- Collecting and analysing data in form of the case studies is the most effective approach and contribute to enhancement of knowledge and capacity development. Output 2 includes only one activity WP5 “Demonstration projects”, including few case studies focusing on different aspects of drought management. Case studies were carefully selected to cover different sectors (water, agriculture, forestry, meteorology, etc.). In accordance with the Programme objectives, all case studies involve local communities.
- “Small retention” is an adaptive measure as it serves to adjust to extreme climate variability; specifically, it helps retain water in the land during wet periods and slows down flood waves during flood periods. retain water in the land during wet periods and slow down flood waves during flood periods picture: Multifunctional systems: Water retention and increase the availability of water in dry periods; reducing pollution; Improving the landscape (aesthetic) and biodiversity ; Opportunities for recreation - New riverbed with meanders; Side channel; Sand deposit at the beginning or the end in order to increase treatment capacity; Mitigates high flows 2. picture: Temporary water retention ponds; Dry ponds (full during and right after precipitation; mitigation of high flows); Wet ponds (permanent water body; bigger catchment areas) also for: Prevention of dispersed pollution from agriculture This demonstration project deals with small water retention to improve the water holding potential of landscapes, and to increase resilience against the effects of climate change. - Such measures include small dikes and polders, the restoration of wetlands, and changes in forestry and agricultural practices. - The main output will be technical guidelines for individuals, civil society and policy-makers on how to plan and construct different types of small water retention measures that lower flood risk and store water for dry periods. – how to plan and implement natural landscape retention measures - Small retention is often considered only as a flood protection measure; however, floodwater stored by small retention dikes and polders is also an important source of water for ecosystems, agriculture and forestry during drought in river basins. - it is not only a new approach to drought mitigation and management but also as an opportunity for rural development, natural restoration, recreation, enrichment of habitat. Importance of close cooperation with farmers is stressed Structure of the Guidelines: 1.Introduction – why do we need to increase the landscape retention? 2. What are the technical and non-technical measures to increase the landscape retention? 3. How to choose the catchment for the retention measures? 4. How can we evaluate the results in the terms of flood protection, drought mitigation and biodiversity increase? 5. How can we incorporate the natural landscape retention in the RBMP, FPMP and DMP? 6. Experiences and critical analysis from already implemented projects in Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Slovenia including best examples on combined effects and involvement of stakeholders. 7. Conclusion – what is the best action plan? - The NWRM initiative is a project of DGENV for collaboratively building knowledge and promoting best practice on Natural Water Retention Measures in Europe. You can find here the key concepts used and resources to help you develop your own measures. Progressively you will find a catalogue of case studies along with a practical guide to implement NWRMs.
- - water holding capacity of soil is very important agronomic characteristic for drought risk management. Generally, the goal is to have the largest possible water holding capacity for a given soil, as long as aeration is adequate. The soil water holding capacity is determined by several factors - some of are beyond our control but some of them can be managed. That capacity is controlled primarily by the soil texture and the soil organic matter content. Management practices designed to improve soil structure are the main way to improve water holding capacity. - This demonstration project will include field experiments with currently available technologies for sub-soiling and other farming practices designed to improve soil structure. 1.1 experiments – Slovenia cropland area; two sides – heavy and light soils As a first step, well-known methods for improving water infiltration into the soil profile will be assessed, including their employment in farming technologies and techniques. - agro-environmental programmes (how to implement in these plans our proposals - use the existing money; …) – also part of the final report other farming measures (e.g. deep root plant cultivation, organic fertilizer use, carbonized biomass use). The research here will be documented by practical examples and transferred into a Compendium of Good Practices (Activity 7.1). This demonstration project will emphasize effective principles which can be used in farming practices (e.g. sub-soiling, new farming systems and technical approaches), including vast farming areas, which would need broad support by national ministries of agriculture. - Sub soiling (to destroy compacted first layer – 50-60 cm) – Czech & Slovakia - (no tillage/with tillage= obdelava Poland - New machine – “composting tillage” – 10cm (only mixture of the above organic layer); Slovenia
- Forests depend on water availability and at the same time they impact substantially water regime of the territories. Integrated management of water resources is of extreme importance for the forest management today and in the conditions of future climate change. Forests are significantly dependent on the water regime and, in turn, have a significant impact on the water regime of territories - objective: identification of the measures for forest adaptation, and for mitigating the negative effects of climate change; with the dissemination of results to policy- and decision-makers, stakeholders and NGOs. - The program will be derived through an analysis of: forest ecosystems in Bulgaria, Lithuania, Slovenia and a pilot area in Ukraine regarding the status of current climate change; national climate scenarios during the 21st century; as well as outlooks for forest ecosystem vulnerability differentiated by zones. Maps for current climate trends (1961-1990), a realistic scenario for 2050, and optimistic, realistic and pessimistic scenarios for2070 in four GWP CEE countries will be established. The measures for adaptation will be specified in five vulnerability zones for forest areas: Zone Z – too high level of vulnerability; Zone B – high level of vulnerability; Zone C – average level of vulnerability; Zone D – low level of vulnerability; and Zone E – too low level of vulnerability. Each measure will include descriptions for the type of measure, necessary resources, responsible institutions, terms of implementation, and assessment indicators. Sakar Mountain is in South Eastern part of Bulgaria, near Bulgarian-Turkish boarder
- Remote sensing: By applying the results, an early warning monitoring system can be established which can forecast the effect of drought on irreversible yield loss and/or quality degradation before symptoms occur. The monitoring system could provide the opportunity to assess possible future yield damages, which contribute to food security and facilitate drought mitigation. For water management today, remote sensing (RS) is one of most important solutions for measuring agricultural drought and its effects. The broad application of RS has few technological barriers, although the accumulated knowledge on RS is slowly being implemented into practice. This project aims to help fill the knowledge gap in this field, through spectral MODIS satellite time series datasets, in order to develop agricultural drought monitoring to facilitate decision-making in practice. While it is possible to continuously gather satellite data on plant water content, the direct interpretation of these data is not feasible for farmers. Using field reference data (i.e. data of green and brown water content) as a calibration for remote sensing data, the real drought situation of plants can be quickly and effectively mapped in both space and time on the surface. 2. Upgrading agricultural drought monitoring and forecasting: the case of Ukraine and Moldova Given the climate change conditions and increase of extreme weather events such as droughts, monitoring and forecasting instruments play a key role in the development of the agricultural sector. This is especially true in countries with limited water resources such as Ukraine and Moldova, where the agricultural sector is key to national economic development. - modern agro-climatic trends will be analyzed, based on meteorological observation data and experimental studies of soil water-holding capacity in Ukraine and the Dniester River Basin. to review agro-climatic zoning and to develop maps of drought-prone areas for the agricultural sector of Ukraine and the Dniester River Basin. This will be done in order to improve drought monitoring systems, update methods of data assessment and develop forecast models for key crop harvest losses through drought. The new agro-climatic zoning of Ukraine and the Dniester River Basin, recommendations elaborated for improving drought monitoring, upgraded forecasting models and good practices for increasing soil moisture retention will be presented and discussed with farmers and policy/decision-makers to improve drought management at the local and national/river basin levels.
- 1. DMCSEE: 5 countries involved also in DMCSEE; improving drought preparedness and reducing drought impacts 2. - observer - River Basin Management Expert Group Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR), - International Sava River Basin Commission (ISRBC), Reasons why to choose integration to EDO instead of developing own platform are: - central point/platform regarding drought in Europe, - long term commitment to European countries (also not limited to European Union members), - continuity of outcomes of the projects (data are available after the end of the project), - large past investments into infrastructure (platform has been extensively tested, it is stable and provides many features), - relatively easy to integrate, support from JRC staff.
- The WP6 is oriented also towards water managers who need to increase their capacities to deal with other sectors