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CCS Activities in Developing Asia–
Insights and Next Steps

Ashok Bhargava
Director, Energy Division
East Asia Department
Seoul, 10 October 2013
ADB CCS Fund
 In June 2009, ADB established a CCS Fund with an initial

contribution of AUD 21.5 million from the Global CCS
Institute, Australia. In 2012, Government of the United
Kingdom also pledged £35 million in the fund.
 Specific Eligibility Criteria
 Accelerate demonstration of CCS technologies
 Identify, lower and / or eliminate general or country specific

barriers for CCS demonstration
 Identify, eliminate or mitigate risks in capture, transport and

storage technology demonstration
… in the People’s Republic of China
PRC – Overview of ADB Activities
Capacity Development and Policy Advisory Assistance
 Key Partner

Department of Climate Change, NDRC

 Target three major

China Huaneng : pre-combustion capture –
IGCC

capture technologies

China Datang : post-combustion capture natural gas plant
Dongfang Boiler – Oxy-fuel combustion
capture - coal-based power plant

Support upstream analytical work, analyze issues, identify costs and risks
on real projects
PRC – Overview of ADB Activities
Develop CCS Roadmap
 Aims to develop a

 Includes following major outputs
1.

Time bound action plan for demonstration
(up to 2020) and deployment (up to 2025)

2.

A policy and regulatory framework with an
accompanying set of incentives

3.

Shortlist and ranking of early-stage CCS
demonstration projects

4.

key planning tool for
the Government to
demonstrate and
deploy CCS

Suitable business models for implementing
early-stage projects

Establish enabling environment for CCS demonstration and possible
deployment.
Next Steps in the PRC ………..
Pilot Project
Next Steps ……….
Pilot CCS Project at Tianjin IGCC Power Plant
 Capture up to 100,000 tons CO2 / year to

partially used for EOR and partially for
storage
 Due diligence is underway; power and oil

company collaboration proving difficult
 ADB may provide up to $10 million grant

for CapEx and a compensatory
mechanism to offset energy penalty
 Pilot project likely to be in operation by

2015
Next Steps ……….
FEED Studies for a large-scale CCS project
 Need to scale-up

CCS efforts urgently

 Discussions underway to select one of

the early-stage projects identified
through the ongoing CCS road map work
What have we learned so far in the PRC
 Technical readiness

 In-country technical capacity exists; large

 Weak policy support

number of point sources in close
proximity to potential storage sites
 CCS is not a strategic choice; no national
target, incentives or support mechanism
in place.

 Fragmented

institutional setup
across CCS chain
 Need for public

financing

 Negligible cooperation between power

and oil companies not conducive for
CCS
 Early projects will need risk sharing or
preferably
risk
bearing
by
the
Government
Moving on to Southeast Asia ………..
Potential for CCS in Southeast Asia
• A regional study with focus on Thailand,

Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippines completed
recently
 Study aimed to:

i.

Establish inventory of CO2 emission
sources

ii.

Estimate storage potential
Determine source-sink matches for CCS
Identify potential pilot projects
Propose Road Map for CCS development
Develop “CCS Working Groups” which
could provide leadership on CCS

iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Potential for CCS in Southeast Asia - Main Results
 Sufficient capture

streams are available

 Natural gas

processing and new
power plants are best
sources for capture

Annual inventory of 200 million tons of CO2
emissions from sources (coal and gas power
plants, natural gas processing facilities, future
power plants, and smaller sources such as
fertilizer plants)

Natural gas processing facilities are preferred
because of lower incremental cost of capture,
storage site proximity, and existing transport
infrastructure
Potential for CCS in Southeast Asia - Main Results….contd
 Large storage

capacity

 Large number of oil

and gas fields
provide adequate
storage for early
stage projects

Estimated storage capacity of 56 giga tons of
which about 90% is in saline aquifiers. But due
to uncertainties of aquifiers, study concentrated
on oil and gas fields
143 oil and gas fields offer more than 3 giga
tons of capacity. Since the geology is well
understood of these fields, they were ranked for
early stage projects.
Potential for CCS in Southeast Asia - Main Results….contd
Next step in Southeast Asia Region –
Pilot Project in Indonesia
 Collaborative

approach

Collaboration with JICA, Pertamina, and Institut
Teknologi di Bandung
Follows on a JICA scoping study ($5 million, 5year) at Gundih gas field in Central Java

 Due diligence

support

• Pilot project

financing
support

ADB to provide due diligence support to
PERTAMINA to review preliminary design of
surface facilities for test injection, identify legal
and regulatory issues and develop regulations
and apply for permits as appropriate.
ADB may follow with a $10 million grant for
capture and test injection from its CCS Fund
What did we learn so far in developing Asia
for CCS ………..
Key Issues and Barriers
ADB (2011):
“… key barriers to
CCS are amplified in
developing countries
….”

CCS is a last
resort policy
approach
Limited public
awareness

Absence of
targeted
incentives /
concessional
financing
mechanism

Lack of delivery
mechanism /
business model

Energy
intensive
mitigation
approach
Lack of incountry
experience in
planning,
construction
and operation
Way Forward
Demonstration projects in
identification stage
ADB (2011):
CCS is a last
“… key barriers to
resort policy
CCS are amplified in
approach
developing countries
Government Commitment, incl.
….”
Limited
policy targets, regulatory, fiscal, public
awareness
and financial support measures
Right business models for early
Absence of
stage demonstration projects
targeted
incentives /
concessional
Mechanisms to offset higher costs, and
financing
energy penalty
mechanism
Lack of delivery
Awareness and support from civil /
mechanism
business model
society

Energy
intensive
mitigation
approach
Lack of incountry
experience in
planning,
construction
and operation

Realized demonstration projects
From:
ADB Team

For further info :
Indonesia – ptharakan@adb.org
PRC – aseiler@adb.org

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Panel 2. CCS in the Asian Century - Ashok Bhargava, ADB

  • 1. CCS Activities in Developing Asia– Insights and Next Steps Ashok Bhargava Director, Energy Division East Asia Department Seoul, 10 October 2013
  • 2. ADB CCS Fund  In June 2009, ADB established a CCS Fund with an initial contribution of AUD 21.5 million from the Global CCS Institute, Australia. In 2012, Government of the United Kingdom also pledged £35 million in the fund.  Specific Eligibility Criteria  Accelerate demonstration of CCS technologies  Identify, lower and / or eliminate general or country specific barriers for CCS demonstration  Identify, eliminate or mitigate risks in capture, transport and storage technology demonstration
  • 3. … in the People’s Republic of China
  • 4. PRC – Overview of ADB Activities Capacity Development and Policy Advisory Assistance  Key Partner Department of Climate Change, NDRC  Target three major China Huaneng : pre-combustion capture – IGCC capture technologies China Datang : post-combustion capture natural gas plant Dongfang Boiler – Oxy-fuel combustion capture - coal-based power plant Support upstream analytical work, analyze issues, identify costs and risks on real projects
  • 5. PRC – Overview of ADB Activities Develop CCS Roadmap  Aims to develop a  Includes following major outputs 1. Time bound action plan for demonstration (up to 2020) and deployment (up to 2025) 2. A policy and regulatory framework with an accompanying set of incentives 3. Shortlist and ranking of early-stage CCS demonstration projects 4. key planning tool for the Government to demonstrate and deploy CCS Suitable business models for implementing early-stage projects Establish enabling environment for CCS demonstration and possible deployment.
  • 6. Next Steps in the PRC ……….. Pilot Project
  • 7. Next Steps ………. Pilot CCS Project at Tianjin IGCC Power Plant  Capture up to 100,000 tons CO2 / year to partially used for EOR and partially for storage  Due diligence is underway; power and oil company collaboration proving difficult  ADB may provide up to $10 million grant for CapEx and a compensatory mechanism to offset energy penalty  Pilot project likely to be in operation by 2015
  • 8. Next Steps ………. FEED Studies for a large-scale CCS project  Need to scale-up CCS efforts urgently  Discussions underway to select one of the early-stage projects identified through the ongoing CCS road map work
  • 9. What have we learned so far in the PRC  Technical readiness  In-country technical capacity exists; large  Weak policy support number of point sources in close proximity to potential storage sites  CCS is not a strategic choice; no national target, incentives or support mechanism in place.  Fragmented institutional setup across CCS chain  Need for public financing  Negligible cooperation between power and oil companies not conducive for CCS  Early projects will need risk sharing or preferably risk bearing by the Government
  • 10. Moving on to Southeast Asia ………..
  • 11. Potential for CCS in Southeast Asia • A regional study with focus on Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippines completed recently  Study aimed to: i. Establish inventory of CO2 emission sources ii. Estimate storage potential Determine source-sink matches for CCS Identify potential pilot projects Propose Road Map for CCS development Develop “CCS Working Groups” which could provide leadership on CCS iii. iv. v. vi.
  • 12. Potential for CCS in Southeast Asia - Main Results  Sufficient capture streams are available  Natural gas processing and new power plants are best sources for capture Annual inventory of 200 million tons of CO2 emissions from sources (coal and gas power plants, natural gas processing facilities, future power plants, and smaller sources such as fertilizer plants) Natural gas processing facilities are preferred because of lower incremental cost of capture, storage site proximity, and existing transport infrastructure
  • 13. Potential for CCS in Southeast Asia - Main Results….contd  Large storage capacity  Large number of oil and gas fields provide adequate storage for early stage projects Estimated storage capacity of 56 giga tons of which about 90% is in saline aquifiers. But due to uncertainties of aquifiers, study concentrated on oil and gas fields 143 oil and gas fields offer more than 3 giga tons of capacity. Since the geology is well understood of these fields, they were ranked for early stage projects.
  • 14. Potential for CCS in Southeast Asia - Main Results….contd
  • 15. Next step in Southeast Asia Region – Pilot Project in Indonesia  Collaborative approach Collaboration with JICA, Pertamina, and Institut Teknologi di Bandung Follows on a JICA scoping study ($5 million, 5year) at Gundih gas field in Central Java  Due diligence support • Pilot project financing support ADB to provide due diligence support to PERTAMINA to review preliminary design of surface facilities for test injection, identify legal and regulatory issues and develop regulations and apply for permits as appropriate. ADB may follow with a $10 million grant for capture and test injection from its CCS Fund
  • 16. What did we learn so far in developing Asia for CCS ………..
  • 17. Key Issues and Barriers ADB (2011): “… key barriers to CCS are amplified in developing countries ….” CCS is a last resort policy approach Limited public awareness Absence of targeted incentives / concessional financing mechanism Lack of delivery mechanism / business model Energy intensive mitigation approach Lack of incountry experience in planning, construction and operation
  • 18. Way Forward Demonstration projects in identification stage ADB (2011): CCS is a last “… key barriers to resort policy CCS are amplified in approach developing countries Government Commitment, incl. ….” Limited policy targets, regulatory, fiscal, public awareness and financial support measures Right business models for early Absence of stage demonstration projects targeted incentives / concessional Mechanisms to offset higher costs, and financing energy penalty mechanism Lack of delivery Awareness and support from civil / mechanism business model society Energy intensive mitigation approach Lack of incountry experience in planning, construction and operation Realized demonstration projects
  • 19. From: ADB Team For further info : Indonesia – ptharakan@adb.org PRC – aseiler@adb.org