1. Workbook of practice # 3
Theorem demonstration &
application
SYSTEMIC AND VISUAL TOOLS FOR
PROBLEM SOLVING
PSVTOOLS
THEOREM DEMONSTRATION & APPLICATION
SYSTEMIC ALGORITHMS
ECOSYSTEMS MODELS AND ALGORITHMS

2. 2
Problem
solving PSVtools
Problem solving Systemic Visual tools
Systemic
visual tools  Is a set of tool which helps to analize and visualize
the problem situation from a variety of angles and
perspectives which can expand , enlarge our vision
and understanding of the nature , the structure
and the system dynamics of the problem.
Visual and
Heuristic tools  Visual thinking can facilitate and improve the
quality of analysis of the Problem Definition stage
for Problem in the Problem Solving Process
solving Skills
development
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3. 3
 Models FOR INFORMATION AND
UNDERSTANDING / to facilitate
PSVtools information and understanding
Visual and
 Models FOR PRACTICE / to facilitate
Heuristic tools practice and exercises
for Problem
solving Skills  Models FOR APPLICATION/ to
development facilitate application of tools and
systems to customized study case


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4. 4
PSVtools
Visual and
Heuristic tools
for Problem
solving Skills
development
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5. 5
PSVtools
PS Mapping© Free pd
Is a Set of tools which helps to
analize and visualize the
problem situation from a variety
of angles and perspectives .
PSVtoolswhich can expand ,
enlarge our vision and
understanding of the nature , Graphic
the structure and the system
dynamics of the problem.
pd
Visual thinking can facilitate
and improve the quality of
analysis of the Problem
Definition stage in the Problem Systemic pd
Solving Process.
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6. 6
PS SVtools
PS SVtools© Free pd
PD = free problem
definition with your own
words
Graphic pd = problem Graphic
definition with use of pd
models
Systemic pd = Problem
definition with the use of Systemic pd
Systemic dynamics tools
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7. 7
The 10 systemic principles of PSV problem
Every problem interacts solving
with other problems
and is therefore part of 1. Every problem situation has a structure- pattern
of its elements : how they interact, influence
a set of interrelated each other.
problems, a system of
problems." 2. When the structure- pattern is clear ,
understandable we are facing a Tame problem.
When we are facing a problem situation with a
Complexity—systems of complex structure- pattern we are facing a
systems—is among the Wicked problem or ill structured problem.
factors that makes some
problem situations so 3. Each elements has a power and energy to
influence and condition the other elements.
resistant to analysis There are stronger elements and weaker
and, more importantly, elements.
to resolution."
4. Each problem situation has its dynamics.
5. Each problem situation is a system or a mess
which has its physics and chemistry.
6. We need to map the structure, its chemistry and
its dynamics , its physics in order to first
simplify the wicked problem and to identify its
pattern then to solve it.
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8. 8
7.Mapping is important for understanding
and simplification.
10 systemic
principles 8. Often the solution is in the Structure,
Pattern or dynamics of the problem
of PSVtools situation.
9. We need to identify the conflicting
From atoms elements and contradictions to solve
to the the problem.
systems 10.Solutions are at the level of elements or
group of elements : how they interact
From messes with each other. Elements, groups,
subgroups.
to solutions
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9. 9
 Write a description of the problem in your
Problem
own words ?
Solving
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The concept of messes :
Every problem situation
could be considered a
Mess , that is a situation
with high complexity
and
Where is the mess ?
What is the mess ?
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10. 10
 P roblems are to reality what atoms are to
Map the tables. We experience tables, not atoms.
problem Problems are abstracted from experience by
situation mess analysis. We do not experience individual
problems but complex systems of those that
What is a mess ? are strongly interacting. I call them messes.
 Because messes are systems of problems,
they lose their essential properties when
they are taken apart. Therefore, if a mess is
disassembled, it loses its essential
properties.
 Furthermore, as in any system, if each part
taken separately is treated as well as
possible, the whole is not treated as well as
possible. A system is more than the sum of
its parts; it is the product of their
interactions. If taken apart, it simply
disappears. Then how can we formulate a
mess without taking it apart?
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11. 11
Problem
situations
Tame problems with
structure easy to
understand
Ill – structured or
Wicked problems with
no definite formulation
or structure
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12. 12
Is this problem a Tame problem ?
Problem Easy to describe and analize ?
situations -------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
Tame problems with
-------------------------------------------------------------
structure easy to
understand Is this problem a Wicked problem ? With Complex
messes and difficult to describe and analize ?
Ill – structured or -------------------------------------------------------------
Wicked problems with -------------------------------------------------------------
no definite formulation -------------------------------------------------------------
or structure
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
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13. 13
Structures of
problems
Levels of Structuredness
Problems could be well structured or
ill structured.
Tame problems are the most common
problems that students solve in
school,universities and training are
well structured problems. They have a
well defined initial state , a known goal
state or solution.
Ill structured problems , at the other
end of the continuum , are the kinds of
problems that are more often
encountered in everyday and
professional practice. They are also
known as Wicked problems. They do
not conform to the content domain
being studied , so their solutions is
neither predictable nor convergent. Ill
structured problems are also
interdisciplinary , that is , they cannot
be solved by applying concepts and
principles from a single discipline or
domain. Often possess aspects that are
unknown at all.
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14. 14
Problem First Statement
messes • The problem is...
Write your first
statement of the
problem
The problem does
• effects
• effects
The problem's roots are......
• Roots
• Causes
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15. 15
Mess
exploration
and analysis
What are the questions
that arise ?
What are your
questions ?
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16. 16
Mess
exploration
and analysis
What are the questions
that arise ?
What are your • who originated What • When first was
questions ? • who is responsible noted
• What is the cause • When did it
of the problem develop : places
• What are the roots and events
of it
Who When
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17. 17
Mess
exploration
and analysis
What are the questions
that arise ?
What are your • Where did it how • Why is
questions ? happen • How was important
• Places and originated • Why do you
events • How did it want to solve it
develop
Where Why
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18. 18
 There are four ways of treating problems: absolution,
How to treat resolution, solution, and dissolution.
problem
 1. To absolve a problem is to ignore it and hope it will
situations go away or solve itself.
 2. To resolve a problem is to do something that yields
Absolution an outcome that is good enough, that satisfies.
Problem resolvers take a clinical approach to
Resolution problems; they rely heavily on experience, trial and
error, qualitative judgments, and common sense.
Solution They try to identify the cause of a problem, remove or
suppress it, and thereby return to a previous state.
Dissolution  3. To solve a problem is to do something that yields
the best possible outcome, that optimizes. Problem
solvers take a research approach to problems. They
rely heavily on experimentation and quantitative
analysis.
 4. To dissolve a problem is to eliminate it by
redesigning the system that has it. Problem dissolvers
try to idealize, to approximate an ideal system and
thereby do better in the future than the best that can
be done now.
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19. 19
How to define
the structure
of a problem
The Waterfall Diagram
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20. 20
Four types of
problems
Wicked
Tame
Wicked Mess
Mess
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21. 21
Solutions
structures
Through Leadership
Through Management
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22. 22
The Boston
Matrix
Problem definition
Problem structure
Solutions
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23. 23
Where is your
problem
situation ?
Where
When
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24. 24
Wicked
problems
They look difficult ,
but…….with the
proper tools we
can tame them.
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25. 25
Tame or
Wicked
TAMES : Mistakes and
errors easily defined
WICKED :There is no
single criteria to
determine correctness
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26. 26
 Describe your problem : easy or
Tame or difficult to identify errors and
Wicked mistakes ?
Identify errors and
 -------------------------------------------
mistakes -------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
-------------------------
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Problems and
solutions
Defining is half
solutions
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Can you see the solution ?
Problems and ----------------------------------------------------------
solutions ----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
Defining is half ---------------------------------------------------------
solutions One or many solutions ?
One solutions or many ----------------------------------------------------------
solutions ? ----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
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Solutions
One solution
Many sequential
solutions
Can you see a clear ending point of the solution ?--
------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
The first solution
------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
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30. 30
Problems gaps
Gaps
Lacks
Walls
Blocks
Cages
Boxes
Conflicts
Contraddictions
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31. 31
Modellling
problem
Easy to model
Difficult to model
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32. 32
Levels of
Analysis
Easy to analize
Difficult to analize
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33. 33
Sequential
activity
process
Which activities
When
Where
• activity activity implement • activity
definition planning
• activity activity ation
• activity
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34. 34
Problem start ? ?
solving Path
Where is your problem
solving Path ?
The starting point ?
The ending point ?
? ? ?
Serching your Roadmap
to solutions
? ? solutions?
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35. 35
Write a second  Write a second statement of the
problem problem situation according to
statement the Tame/Wicked paradigm.
Considering the  This problem is a
new information
acquired and  Tame problem :
Tame/Wicked
paradigm , write a  Wicked problem :
second statement
of the problem
definition.  Wicked mess :
 Mess :
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36. 36
Write a second  Write a second statement of the
problem problem situation according to
statement the Tame/Wicked paradigm.
Considering the  Is a Tame problem because :
new information
acquired and
Tame/Wicked  Is a Wicked problem because :
paradigm , write a
second statement  Is aWicked mess because :
of the problem
definition.
 Is a Mess because :
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37. 37
Write a second  Write a second statement of the
problem problem situation according to
statement the Tame/Wicked paradigm.
Considering the  Is a Tame problem because :
new information
-------------------------------------------------
acquired and
----------------------------------------------
Tame/Wicked
paradigm , write a ----------------------------------------------
second statement ----------------------------------------------
of the problem ----------------------------------------------
definition. ----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
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Write a second  Write a second statement of the
problem problem situation according to
statement the Tame/Wicked paradigm.
Considering the  Is a Wicked problem because :
new information
-------------------------------------------------
acquired and
----------------------------------------------
Tame/Wicked
paradigm , write a ----------------------------------------------
second statement ----------------------------------------------
of the problem ----------------------------------------------
definition. ----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
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39. 39
Draw a second
problem
statement
Wicked problem
Draw a map of your
problem ,
considering the
model on your right.
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40. 40
Draw a second
How many Are there More than
problem correct any one
statement views of the ideological Interventio
problem are constrains ? n point
Draw a map of
possible ? possible ?
your problem ,
considering the Political Logical or Resistance to
model on your Constrains ? illogical multi Change ?
right. valued
Economic Morer than Difficulty to
Constrains ? one solution ? indentify the
Roadmap to
solution ?
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41. 41
Draw a second
problem
statement
Draw a map of
your problem ,
considering the
model on your
right.
Wicked problem
and social messes
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 Wicked problem and social messes

42. 42
Draw a second
problem Draw the problem
situation using a
statement metaphor
Utilize the model gaps metaphors
Metaphors on your
right
lacks metaphors
One or more than one
block metaphor
wall metaphor
loss metaphor
box metaphor
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43. 43
Problem
Solving
mapping
One or more scenarios
possible ?
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44. 44
 Gaps metaphor
Gaps
Problem situations are
often caused by
interactions of diffrent
kinds of Gaps.
Per formance Gaps
Identity Gaps
Resources Gaps
It is very important to
identify the Gaps and
build bridges in order
to overcome the specific
Gaps.
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45. 45
 Gaps and Lacks metaphors
Gaps or lacks
 What kinds of Gaps or Lacks in
Problem situations are
often caused by your problem situation ?
interactions of diffrent
kinds of Gaps.  Structure gaps or lacks ?
Per formance Gaps  Elements gaps or lacks ?
Identity Gaps
 Interaction gaps or lacks ?
Resources Gaps
 Field gaps or lacks ?
It is very important to
identify the Gaps or
lacks and build bridges
in order to overcome
specific Gaps.
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46. 46
 Lacks metaphor
Lacks
We often lack System
Integrator whose key
function is to connect
the individual or group
of individuals, clients,
partners, to the
Community of
reference.
We need System
Integrators.
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47. 47
 System Integrators
System
Integrator
Problems may be
originated by lacking of
System Integrators.
A systems integrator is a
person or company that
specializes in bringing
together component
subsystems into a whole
and ensuring that those
subsystems function
together, a practice known
as System Integration.
Systems integrators may
work in many fields but the
term is generally used in
the information technology
(IT) field, the defense
industry, or in media.
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48. 48
Sustainable
scales
 Scale metaphor
metaphors
Sustainable Scale is about
how the physical size of the
global economy creates an
unprecedented and
potentially disastrous impact
on the life support services of
global ecosystems and human
civilization. What is the "Scale
Problem"?
Scale problems refer to the
threats posed by economic
activities to global life support
systems such as the
atmospheric ozone layer’s
protection against ultraviolet
radiation, and the carbon
cycle’s provision of climate
stability. Human economic
activities are now threatening
these natural systems at both
the local and global levels, for
the first time in the history of
the planet. (See
Understanding Scale for an
introduction to scale concepts
and the dynamics of relevant
ecosystems).
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49. 49
Sustainable
scales
 Scale metaphor
metaphors
What Lacks or
Gaps in your
sustainable
scale situation ?
Is there a
balance ?
Is the ecosystem
empty ?
Is it full ?
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50. 50
Sustainable Is your problem situation in a
Scales Sustainable Scale unbalance ?
problem
The limits and
the dangers of
wild growth
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51. 51
Sustainable Is your problem situation in a
Scales Sustainable Scale unbalance ?
problem
What is the "Scale
Problem"?
Scale problems refer to the
threats posed by economic
activities to global life
support systems such as
the atmospheric ozone
layer’s protection against
ultraviolet radiation, and
the carbon cycle’s provision
of climate stability. Human
economic activities are now
threatening these natural
systems at both the local
and global levels, for the
first time in the history of
the planet. (See
Understanding Scale for an
introduction to scale
concepts and the dynamics
of relevant ecosystems).
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52. 52
Psycological blocks
Psycological
blocks
Is the perception of the
problem situation
filtered by a
Psycological Block ?
Psycological block or
Emotional block alter
our perception of the
true nature of the
problem situation .
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53. 53
 Psycological Blocks
Psycological
blocks
Balance between
Instinct and Analysis
Overuse of Instinct or
Analysis generate
Mental Blocks
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54. 54
Tunnel metaphor
Tunnel
metaphor
Is your problem
swituation in a Tunnel ?
Can you get through the
tunnel ?
How ?
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55. 55
Tunneling
 Consider a particle with energy E in the inner region of a one-
dimensional potential well V(x). (A potential well is a
Tunneling potential that has a lower value in a certain region of space
than in the neighbouring regions.) In classical mechanics, if E
< V (the maximum height of the potential barrier), the
Quantum Tunneling : particle remains in the well forever; if E > V , the particle
escapes. In quantum mechanics, the situation is not so
The phenomenon of simple. The particle can escape even if its energy E is below
tunneling, which has no the height of the barrier V , although the probability of escape
is small unless E is close to V . In that case, the particle may
counterpart in classical tunnel through the potential barrier and emerge with the
physics, is an important same energy E.
consequence of  The phenomenon of tunneling has many important
quantum mechanics applications. For example, it describes a type of radioactive
decay in which a nucleus emits an alpha particle (a helium
nucleus). According to the quantum explanation given
independently by George Gamow and by Ronald W. Gurney
and Edward Condon in 1928, the alpha particle is confined
before the decay by a potential. For a given nuclear species, it
is possible to measure the energy E of the emitted alpha
particle and the average lifetime of the nucleus before decay.
The lifetime of the nucleus is a measure of the probability of
tunneling through the barrier--the shorter the lifetime, the
higher the probability.
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56. 56
Tunneling
Quantum Tunneling :
The phenomenon of
tunneling, which has no
counterpart in classical
physics, is an important
consequence of
quantum mechanics
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57. 57
Box metaphor
Are you in the
Box ?
What kind of Box ?
Emotional Box ?
Organizational Box ?
Cognitive Box ?
Leadership Box ?
Management Box ?
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58. 58
The Box
Thinking inside
the Box
Thinking
outside the Box
Thinking the
Box
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59. 59
 Contraddictions metaphor
Contraddictions
Are there
contraddictions in your
problem situation ?
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60. 60
The  The Contraddiction Matrix
Contraddiction algoritms
Matrix
Apply the TRIZ matrix
Contraddiction to your
problem situation .
What gets better ?
What gets worse ?
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 Additional Problem solving
Additional
useful
analysis models
metaphors for
problem solving
 Loss Metaphor
The loss
 Conflict Metaphor
metaphor
 Tree Metaphor
The Conflict
 Field Metaphor
metaphor
The Tree
metaphor
The Field
metaphor
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 Was it useful ?
Final
 Why ?
assessment
 What did you learn ?
 How are you going to apply to
Usefulness your work ?
 When ?
Innovation
 Enroll in our Coaching services.
Interest  It will increase the value of your
learning.
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