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A Practical Look at LTE Backhaul Capacity
Requirements
Esteban Monturus
Backhaul Market Analyst
esteban@maravedis-bwa.com
January 13th, 2011
BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
www.maravedis-bwa.com

© Copyright All Rights Reserved 2010 Maravedis Inc.
Agenda

!  Backhaul Capacity

Requirements of LTE
!  Backhaul Capacity Discussion
!  How Microwave meets Backhaul
Capacity Needs of LTE
!  Backhaul Trends among LTE
Operators
!  Q&A
BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
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© Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
Backhaul Capacity Requirements

BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
www.maravedis-bwa.com

© Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
Mobile Data Trends
Monthly data consumption

Operator

Country

Traffic/User

TeliaSonera
(LTE)

Sweden and
Norway

14 GB

Yota
(WiMAX)

Russia

13 GB

Packet One
Networks
(WiMAX)

Malaysia

10 GB

Clearwire
(WiMAX)

US

7 GB

SK Telecom
(HSPA)

Korea

7 GB

CSL (HSPA)

Hong Kong

Mobile broadband subscriber base

6 GB

Average Monthly Data Consumption
Source: 4GCounts Service
Source: 4GCounts Service

Princing plans
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Network capacity, new deployments
© Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
Deployment Trends
!  147 LTE committed

operators at the end
of 2010

!  Long Term HSPA
Evolution as
alternative

!  Currently 11 LTE

networks in
commercial operation

Operator

Country

Commercial
Launch

Channel
bandwidth

TeliaSonera

Sweden

12/2009

2 x 20 MHz

TeliaSonera

Norway

12/2009

2 x 20 MHz

TeliaSonera

Finland

11/2010

2 x 20 MHz

TeliaSonera

Denmark

12/2010

2 x 20 MHz

Telenor and
Tele2

Sweden

11/2010

2 x 20 MHz

Vodafone

Germany

12/2010

2 x 10 MHz

MetroPCS

USA

09/2010

From 2 x 1.4
MHz to 2 x 10
MHz

Verizon

USA

12/2010

2 x 10 MHz

Telekom
Austria

Austria

10/2010

2 x 20 MHz

NTT
DoCoMo

Japan

12/2010

2 x 20 MHz

CSL

Hong Kong

11/2010

2 x 10 MHz

!  Main uses of LTE
!  High capacity
overlay

!  Rural Internet
access

BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
www.maravedis-bwa.com

Source: 4GCounts Service Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
©
LTE Site Capacity Requirements
! 

Operators are currently deploying 3GPP Rel. 8

! 

Peak rates never achieved due to

!  Interference
!  Network load
! 

Mbps

!  10 or 20 MHz (2x2 downlink MIMO)
!  3-sector cell sites

Final objective: IMT-Advanced (LTE-A)

Direction

Peak
efficiency

Peak 10 MHz

Peak 20
MHz

Average
efficiency

Average
10 MHz

Average
20 MHz

Rel. 8
Downlink

5 bps/Hz

50 Mbps

100 Mbps

1.73 bps/
Hz/cell

17.3
Mbps

35.6
Mbps

Rel. 8
Uplink

2.5 bps/Hz

25 Mbps

50 Mbps

1.52 bps/
Hz/cell

15.2
Mbps

30.4
Mbps

LTE-A
Downlink*

15 bps/Hz

150 Mbps

300 Mbps

3 bps/Hz/
cell

30 Mbps

60 Mbps

LTE-A
Uplink*

6.75 bps/
Hz

67.5 Mbps

135 Mbps

2.25 bps/
Hz/cell

22.5
Mbps

45 Mbps

BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
www.maravedis-bwa.com

* Spectral efficiency for indoor coverage, the most demanding situation
© Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
Microwave for Aggregation
!  Current microwave
technology allows
aggregation

!  Statistical multiplexing

increases aggregation
capability in practice

!  Bringing rings closer to last

mile enhances multiplexing

!  Service-aware routing
doubles capacity

Source: Maravedis’ Wireless Backhaul from an All-IP Perspective Report – October 2010

TDM+packet

packet

LAST MILE
BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
www.maravedis-bwa.com

AGGREGATION

METRO

© Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
Backhaul
Capacity
Discussion

BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
www.maravedis-bwa.com

© Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
LTE Backhaul Trends

BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
www.maravedis-bwa.com

© Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
Commercial LTE in Europe
!  Europe: traditional microwave domain.
!  TeliaSonera group
!  LTE in urban areas, fiber available.
!  New LTE markets depend on backhaul
availability.
!  100-150 Mbps capacity per site.
!  Microwave not discarded.

!  Vodafone Germany
!  Only rural deployment so far.
!  49,800 kilometer of fiber optic cable.
!  Partnership with utility company RWE
to use its fiber deployment.

Operator

Country

Backhaul
type

TeliaSonera

Sweden

Fiber

TeliaSonera

Norway

Fiber

TeliaSonera

Finland

Fiber

Telenor and
Tele2

Sweden

Fiber

Vodafone

Germany

Fiber

Telekom
Austria

Austria

Fiber

Source: 4GCounts Service

!  Telekom Austria
!  500 million euros investment to

connect 4,000 BSs by fiber (AirToFiber
marketing campaign).

BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
www.maravedis-bwa.com

© Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
Commercial LTE in North America
!  North America: traditional copper
and fiber domain.

!  Verizon
!  Verizon Global Wholesale

provides fiber links for +3,500
cell sites (25 states).

!  +100 Mbps fiber + microwave

Operator

Country

Backhaul
type

MetroPCS

USA

Fiber +
microwave

Verizon

USA

Fiber +
microwave

Source: 4GCounts Service

links from alternative carriers
(CenturyLink, Conterra
Broadband, Duke Net,
FiberTower, PalmettoNet,
Paradigm Telecom, Qwest,
Telecom Transport
Management and USCarrier).
!  Seeking tower and backhaul
owners for rural deployment.

!  MetroPCS
!  Ethernet services to cell sites
from FiberTower Corp.

FiberTower transport network
BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
www.maravedis-bwa.com

© Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
Commercial LTE in APAC
Operator

!  Japan, China, Korea and Hong

Kong: traditional fiber domains.

!  NTT DoCoMo
!  Using fiber-connected Remote

Country

Backhaul
type

NTT
DoCoMo

Japan

Fiber

CSL

Hong Kong

Microwave

Source: 4GCounts Service

Radio Heads for improved
indoor coverage (all outdoor
and indoor versions).

RRH
RRH

!  Hong Kong CSL
!  One of the few operators

Delay
difference

RRH

currently using microwave for
LTE backhaul.

40 km max.

!  100-170 Mbps capacity per
WiMAX
LTE

LTE

BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
www.maravedis-bwa.com

WiMAX
LTE

site.

Indoor rack

Source: 4GGear Service

© Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
Why not Microwave for LTE backhaul?
!  LTE footprint still too small, so

operators are finding fiber available
within the initial coverage area.

!  Other backhaul means will be

necessary to achieve the required
quality of experience:
!  Macrocell backhaul
!  Microwave links (including
millimeter wave)

!  Free Space Optics
!  Small cell backhaul
!  Non-line of sight wireless

backhaul
!  Strand-mount (DOCSIS
backhaul)
!  Remote Radio Heads (RRH)

BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
www.maravedis-bwa.com

© Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
LTE BACKHAUL REQUIREMENTS
A REALITY CHECK
P E T E R C R O Y, S E N I O R N E T W O R K A R C H I T E C T, AV I AT N E T W O R K S

1
LTE Cell: Single User Throughput Estimates
!"#"$%"#&$!'()*+,$-./,01$203$!40#")5&$67'8$9&::$9&)#&7$
9;"))&:$<")=(4=#;$

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•  IP packet throughput rates vary with RF channel bandwidth and user distance

from cell center
•  Majority of handsets in a cell/sector are located within medium & far distance

from the cell center (>90% of cell coverage area)

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$
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Estimating LTE Cell Backhaul Capacity
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•  Typical macro cell tower hosts 3 LTE radio sectors
•  Site backhaul capacity with overbooking factor (OBF) between 3 and 5
•  Capacity includes 15% dynamic range margin for QoS
•  Figures are already LTE high-end estimates, higher capacities through

reducing overbooking factor to 1 from 3

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Backhaul Capacity Trend: 10MHz LTE Channel
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Backhaul Topology Comparison for LTE
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Backhaul Capacity Example: Ring Architecture
•  Six cell backhaul in dense urban area @50Mbps
•  Multiple site packet capacity not simply sum of cell capacities
•  Network recovers from any single link failure

70Mbps
50Mbps

100Mbps
150Mbps To/from

core network
50Mbps

50Mbps

70Mbps

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$
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The LTE Hype Cycle
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LTE Capacity Conclusions
•  LTE backhaul capacity needs are regularly over-stated
•  Capacity is fixed per site and only determined by base

station technology
•  The backhaul limit for a site will likely be ~150 Mbit/s

for a 10MHz LTE radio channel
•  Only way to add more network capacity:
-  Add more cell sites, upgrade to MIMO or increase the LTE channel

bandwidth

•  Ring/Mesh topologies are best suited to cope with the

high capacity requirements

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HOW LICENSED MICROWAVE
MEETS THE BACKHAUL CAPACITY
NEEDS OF LTE
S T U A R T L I T T L E , D I R E C T O R O F M A R K E T I N G , AV I AT N E T W O R K S

9
Uncertainty can lead to bad backhaul choices
•  Backhaul discussion often in

terms of hundreds of megabits or
even gigabits of capacity
•  Just one in four mobile operators

have said that they understood
the requirements for LTE
backhaul
•  This uncertainty could drive over-

investment for backhaul capacity
that is not needed within the
foreseeable future

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LTE Cell-Site Capacity
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Why pay for capacity you may never need?
•  The total cost of building

or leasing fiber to the cellsite far exceeds that of a
typical microwave
connection
•  Over-building capacity

with fiber will waste an
enormous amount of
network investments

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The 3 Most Important Backhaul Decision Factors

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Microwave Capacity Expansion Options
•  Native Ethernet transport
•  Adaptive Modulation
•  Adaptive Coding
•  Ethernet Frame

suppression and
compression
•  Capacity-doubling through
co-channel operation with
XPIC

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Microwave techniques for high capacity

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:"7O&7$67"8&$04A&03$

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Co-Channel link capacity doubling

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./4#*0$

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./4#*0$
Getting even more wireless capacity
•  Diverse path network topologies

(rings/mesh)
•  Lightly licensed and license free
60-90 GHz Millimeter wave
bands
•  Payload compression
•  Higher order modulation
schemes >256QAM
•  Multi-carrier operation
•  Multiple-in/Multiple-out (MIMO)
techniques
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VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$
Don’t let fiber break the bank!
•  Fiber is not the only

answer for operators
deploying HSPA+ & LTE
•  Operators need to balance

realistic capacity
expectations with total cost
•  Microwave transport meets

the foreseeable capacity
needs for mobile backhaul
for several years to come

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VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$
WWW.AVIATNETWORKS.COM
Audience Poll #1
How realistic are the current LTE user
throughput expectations?

%

BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
www.maravedis-bwa.com

© Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
Audience Poll #2
In the next 5 years, what proportion of new HSPA
+ and LTE cellsites will be connected by fiber?
%

%

%

%

BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
www.maravedis-bwa.com

© Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
About 4Ggear:
The 4G Equipment Analysis Service

BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
www.maravedis-bwa.com

© Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
Contact Information
410 rue des Recollets, Suite 301
Montreal, QC,
H2Y 1W2
CANADA
(305) 992-3196
(514) 313-5465
info@maravedis-bwa.com
www.maravedis-bwa.com

BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE
www.maravedis-bwa.com

© Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.

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A practical look at_lte_backhaul_capacity_requirements

  • 1. A Practical Look at LTE Backhaul Capacity Requirements Esteban Monturus Backhaul Market Analyst esteban@maravedis-bwa.com January 13th, 2011 BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com © Copyright All Rights Reserved 2010 Maravedis Inc.
  • 2. Agenda !  Backhaul Capacity Requirements of LTE !  Backhaul Capacity Discussion !  How Microwave meets Backhaul Capacity Needs of LTE !  Backhaul Trends among LTE Operators !  Q&A BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com © Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
  • 3. Backhaul Capacity Requirements BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com © Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
  • 4. Mobile Data Trends Monthly data consumption Operator Country Traffic/User TeliaSonera (LTE) Sweden and Norway 14 GB Yota (WiMAX) Russia 13 GB Packet One Networks (WiMAX) Malaysia 10 GB Clearwire (WiMAX) US 7 GB SK Telecom (HSPA) Korea 7 GB CSL (HSPA) Hong Kong Mobile broadband subscriber base 6 GB Average Monthly Data Consumption Source: 4GCounts Service Source: 4GCounts Service Princing plans BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com Network capacity, new deployments © Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
  • 5. Deployment Trends !  147 LTE committed operators at the end of 2010 !  Long Term HSPA Evolution as alternative !  Currently 11 LTE networks in commercial operation Operator Country Commercial Launch Channel bandwidth TeliaSonera Sweden 12/2009 2 x 20 MHz TeliaSonera Norway 12/2009 2 x 20 MHz TeliaSonera Finland 11/2010 2 x 20 MHz TeliaSonera Denmark 12/2010 2 x 20 MHz Telenor and Tele2 Sweden 11/2010 2 x 20 MHz Vodafone Germany 12/2010 2 x 10 MHz MetroPCS USA 09/2010 From 2 x 1.4 MHz to 2 x 10 MHz Verizon USA 12/2010 2 x 10 MHz Telekom Austria Austria 10/2010 2 x 20 MHz NTT DoCoMo Japan 12/2010 2 x 20 MHz CSL Hong Kong 11/2010 2 x 10 MHz !  Main uses of LTE !  High capacity overlay !  Rural Internet access BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com Source: 4GCounts Service Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc. ©
  • 6. LTE Site Capacity Requirements !  Operators are currently deploying 3GPP Rel. 8 !  Peak rates never achieved due to !  Interference !  Network load !  Mbps !  10 or 20 MHz (2x2 downlink MIMO) !  3-sector cell sites Final objective: IMT-Advanced (LTE-A) Direction Peak efficiency Peak 10 MHz Peak 20 MHz Average efficiency Average 10 MHz Average 20 MHz Rel. 8 Downlink 5 bps/Hz 50 Mbps 100 Mbps 1.73 bps/ Hz/cell 17.3 Mbps 35.6 Mbps Rel. 8 Uplink 2.5 bps/Hz 25 Mbps 50 Mbps 1.52 bps/ Hz/cell 15.2 Mbps 30.4 Mbps LTE-A Downlink* 15 bps/Hz 150 Mbps 300 Mbps 3 bps/Hz/ cell 30 Mbps 60 Mbps LTE-A Uplink* 6.75 bps/ Hz 67.5 Mbps 135 Mbps 2.25 bps/ Hz/cell 22.5 Mbps 45 Mbps BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com * Spectral efficiency for indoor coverage, the most demanding situation © Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
  • 7. Microwave for Aggregation !  Current microwave technology allows aggregation !  Statistical multiplexing increases aggregation capability in practice !  Bringing rings closer to last mile enhances multiplexing !  Service-aware routing doubles capacity Source: Maravedis’ Wireless Backhaul from an All-IP Perspective Report – October 2010 TDM+packet packet LAST MILE BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com AGGREGATION METRO © Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
  • 9. LTE Backhaul Trends BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com © Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
  • 10. Commercial LTE in Europe !  Europe: traditional microwave domain. !  TeliaSonera group !  LTE in urban areas, fiber available. !  New LTE markets depend on backhaul availability. !  100-150 Mbps capacity per site. !  Microwave not discarded. !  Vodafone Germany !  Only rural deployment so far. !  49,800 kilometer of fiber optic cable. !  Partnership with utility company RWE to use its fiber deployment. Operator Country Backhaul type TeliaSonera Sweden Fiber TeliaSonera Norway Fiber TeliaSonera Finland Fiber Telenor and Tele2 Sweden Fiber Vodafone Germany Fiber Telekom Austria Austria Fiber Source: 4GCounts Service !  Telekom Austria !  500 million euros investment to connect 4,000 BSs by fiber (AirToFiber marketing campaign). BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com © Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
  • 11. Commercial LTE in North America !  North America: traditional copper and fiber domain. !  Verizon !  Verizon Global Wholesale provides fiber links for +3,500 cell sites (25 states). !  +100 Mbps fiber + microwave Operator Country Backhaul type MetroPCS USA Fiber + microwave Verizon USA Fiber + microwave Source: 4GCounts Service links from alternative carriers (CenturyLink, Conterra Broadband, Duke Net, FiberTower, PalmettoNet, Paradigm Telecom, Qwest, Telecom Transport Management and USCarrier). !  Seeking tower and backhaul owners for rural deployment. !  MetroPCS !  Ethernet services to cell sites from FiberTower Corp. FiberTower transport network BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com © Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
  • 12. Commercial LTE in APAC Operator !  Japan, China, Korea and Hong Kong: traditional fiber domains. !  NTT DoCoMo !  Using fiber-connected Remote Country Backhaul type NTT DoCoMo Japan Fiber CSL Hong Kong Microwave Source: 4GCounts Service Radio Heads for improved indoor coverage (all outdoor and indoor versions). RRH RRH !  Hong Kong CSL !  One of the few operators Delay difference RRH currently using microwave for LTE backhaul. 40 km max. !  100-170 Mbps capacity per WiMAX LTE LTE BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com WiMAX LTE site. Indoor rack Source: 4GGear Service © Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
  • 13. Why not Microwave for LTE backhaul? !  LTE footprint still too small, so operators are finding fiber available within the initial coverage area. !  Other backhaul means will be necessary to achieve the required quality of experience: !  Macrocell backhaul !  Microwave links (including millimeter wave) !  Free Space Optics !  Small cell backhaul !  Non-line of sight wireless backhaul !  Strand-mount (DOCSIS backhaul) !  Remote Radio Heads (RRH) BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com © Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
  • 14. LTE BACKHAUL REQUIREMENTS A REALITY CHECK P E T E R C R O Y, S E N I O R N E T W O R K A R C H I T E C T, AV I AT N E T W O R K S 1
  • 15. LTE Cell: Single User Throughput Estimates !"#"$%"#&$!'()*+,$-./,01$203$!40#")5&$67'8$9&::$9&)#&7$ 9;"))&:$<")=(4=#;$ 9:'0&$ .&=4>8$ ?"7$ @.;A$ BC$*$@3D$ BB$*$E3C$ @3D$*$B3F$ $G?!!$#H,45":I$BJ.KA$ LE$*$BL3L$ MF$*$N3@$ BL$*$L3F$ F@$*$MF$ @D$*$BF$ MF$*$N3@$ MJ.KA$ •  IP packet throughput rates vary with RF channel bandwidth and user distance from cell center •  Majority of handsets in a cell/sector are located within medium & far distance from the cell center (>90% of cell coverage area) K4O;$PQR$="#"$0,&&=0$7&S>47&$&T5:>042&$>0&$'6$7"=4'$5&::U $ M$ W[WQ$XRQ]^%_`$$$$$a$ VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$
  • 16. Estimating LTE Cell Backhaul Capacity 9&::$/"5b;">:$5","54#H$-./,01$203$=&,:'H8&)#$"7&"$ 9;"))&:$ <")=(4=#;$ !&)0&$+7/")$ `>/c>7/")$ %>7":$ G5:'0&$7")O&$#;7'>O;,>#I$ G8&=4>8$7")O&$#;7'>O;,>#I$ G8&=4>8$7")O&$#;7'>O;,>#I$ @.;A$ MJ$G^<?$EI$ BE$G^<?$EI$ F$G^<?$@I$ $G?!!$#H,45":I$$BJ.KA$ @J$G^<?$EI$$ EE$G^<?$EI$ MJ$G^<?$@I$ MJ.KA$ BJJ$G^<?$EI$ D@$G^<?$EI$ LJ$G^<?@I$ •  Typical macro cell tower hosts 3 LTE radio sectors •  Site backhaul capacity with overbooking factor (OBF) between 3 and 5 •  Capacity includes 15% dynamic range margin for QoS •  Figures are already LTE high-end estimates, higher capacities through reducing overbooking factor to 1 from 3 PQR$/"5b;">:$7&":40d5"::H$BJe0Z$)'#$BJJe0$'6$./,0 $ E$ W[WQ$XRQ]^%_`$$$$$a$ VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$
  • 17. Backhaul Capacity Trend: 10MHz LTE Channel 9","54#H$ ./0#123-435678#97":#47;<-# -./,01$ 124-=>2?=1#@.7A34#BC# BJJ$ PQR$04)O:&$0&5#'7$/"5b;">:$ 5","54#H$7&S>47&8&)#$ !"!#$%$&'#(!)*$# +"+#$%$&'#(!)*$## C@$ DJ$ @J$ ,-#$%$&'#(!)*$# LJ$ EJ$ J$ PQR$:">)5;$ L$ W[WQ$XRQ]^%_`$$$$$a$ `&7245&$>,#"b&Z$ X&($="#"$,:")0$ VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$ X&($MTM$;")=c$ LTL$>,O7"=&Z$ Q48&$ 0&#0Z$8'7&$04#&0$ `&7245&$>,#"b&$
  • 18. Backhaul Topology Comparison for LTE PQR$<"5b;">:$Q',':'OH$ !"40H$5;"4)$ ?&"#>7&$ K>/$f$ `,'b&$ Q7&&*$ Q4&7&=$ $.&0;*$ $%4)O$ 9","54#H$=40#74/>d')$ W5;4&2&$7&S>47&=$ )&#('7b$"2"4:"/4:4#H$ g7'24=&$PQR$5&::c#'c5&::$ 5'))&5d24#H$GhMI$ X&#('7b$5'0#$6"5#'7$ ?>#>7&$,7''6$6"5#'7$ .&0;$'7$%4)O$#',':'OH$/&0#$6'7$PQR$/"5b;">:$)&#('7b$ $ @$ W[WQ$XRQ]^%_`$$$$$a$ VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$
  • 19. Backhaul Capacity Example: Ring Architecture •  Six cell backhaul in dense urban area @50Mbps •  Multiple site packet capacity not simply sum of cell capacities •  Network recovers from any single link failure 70Mbps 50Mbps 100Mbps 150Mbps To/from core network 50Mbps 50Mbps 70Mbps W==4d')":$74)O$04#&0$'):H$"==$4)57&8&)#":$5","54#HU $ D$ W[WQ$XRQ]^%_`$$$$$a$ VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$
  • 20. The LTE Hype Cycle Y^+$W%R$ KR%RU$ %&$ !"#$ i"7#)&7$KH,&$9H5:&Z$BNN@$ C$ W[WQ$XRQ]^%_`$$$$$a$ VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$
  • 21. LTE Capacity Conclusions •  LTE backhaul capacity needs are regularly over-stated •  Capacity is fixed per site and only determined by base station technology •  The backhaul limit for a site will likely be ~150 Mbit/s for a 10MHz LTE radio channel •  Only way to add more network capacity: -  Add more cell sites, upgrade to MIMO or increase the LTE channel bandwidth •  Ring/Mesh topologies are best suited to cope with the high capacity requirements F$ W[WQ$XRQ]^%_`$$$$$a$ VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$
  • 22. HOW LICENSED MICROWAVE MEETS THE BACKHAUL CAPACITY NEEDS OF LTE S T U A R T L I T T L E , D I R E C T O R O F M A R K E T I N G , AV I AT N E T W O R K S 9
  • 23. Uncertainty can lead to bad backhaul choices •  Backhaul discussion often in terms of hundreds of megabits or even gigabits of capacity •  Just one in four mobile operators have said that they understood the requirements for LTE backhaul •  This uncertainty could drive over- investment for backhaul capacity that is not needed within the foreseeable future BJ$ W[WQ$XRQ]^%_`$$$$$a$ VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$
  • 25. Why pay for capacity you may never need? •  The total cost of building or leasing fiber to the cellsite far exceeds that of a typical microwave connection •  Over-building capacity with fiber will waste an enormous amount of network investments BM$ W[WQ$XRQ]^%_`$$$$$a$ VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$
  • 26. The 3 Most Important Backhaul Decision Factors ,PQP,M"R$ ,LN"$ E#!MPSM!M"R$ $<64-D7E3#J74# 3"633;F#./0#6388# F<13#67?76<1A# ;397G;F# $<64-D7E3#<F# 6237?34#127G#HI34# @<G#G3748A#788#67F3FC# $<64-D7E3#6-GG3613;# 6388#F<13F#-K3G#27E3# >437134#=?593#127G# HI34#F<13F# #-/5$:0)G$)**H<$1($A*$ *D-:9-1*H$1($9)H*3<1-)H$ LE$ EMNO$ 80/3(4-D*$-)H$IA*3$ /(<1<$-)H$/-.-/0J*<K$ BE$ W[WQ$XRQ]^%_`$$$$$a$ VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$
  • 27. Microwave Capacity Expansion Options •  Native Ethernet transport •  Adaptive Modulation •  Adaptive Coding •  Ethernet Frame suppression and compression •  Capacity-doubling through co-channel operation with XPIC BL$ W[WQ$XRQ]^%_`$$$$$a$ VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$
  • 28. Microwave techniques for high capacity XX?$ VW?$./4#*0$ %U?$./4#*0$ %T?$./4#*0$ %>>$./4#*0$ EJJ$ ./4#*0$ B@$ W[WQ$XRQ]^%_`$$$$$a$ LB(M# L(M# W==$P4O;#$ VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$ ./4#*0$ L+!M# W==$?i$f$ 9'8,7&004')$ g7&"8/:&$ `>,,7&004')$ 9'=4)O$ X"d2&$R#;&7)&#$ Q;7'>O;,>#$ MT^9E*`Q.B$ E@J$ ./4#*0$ W==$.W9$ LBNM# K&"=&7$ LJJ$ ./4#*0$ L@J$ ./4#*0$ jQ;7'>O;,>#$kO>7&0$"7&$/"0&=$ >,')$8"T48>8$8'=>:"d')$4)$"$ @D*FJ$.KA$5;"))&:$6'7$DL$/H#&$ 67"8&$04A&03$9","54#H$(4::$/&$:&00$ 6'7$08"::&7$5;"))&:0$")=*'7$ :"7O&7$67"8&$04A&03$ @JJ$ ./4#*0$ @@J$ ./4#*0$ DJJ$ ./4#*0$
  • 29. Co-Channel link capacity doubling >>??$ ./4#*0$ LBOOM# W==$9'c9;"))&:$ ^,&7"d')$(4#;$hg9$ EJJ$ ./4#*0$ BD$ LJJ$ ./4#*0$ W[WQ$XRQ]^%_`$$$$$a$ @JJ$ ./4#*0$ VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$ DJJ$ ./4#*0$ CJJ$ ./4#*0$ FJJ$ ./4#*0$ NJJ$ ./4#*0$ BJJJ$ ./4#*0$ BBJJ$ ./4#*0$ BMJJ$ ./4#*0$
  • 30. Getting even more wireless capacity •  Diverse path network topologies (rings/mesh) •  Lightly licensed and license free 60-90 GHz Millimeter wave bands •  Payload compression •  Higher order modulation schemes >256QAM •  Multi-carrier operation •  Multiple-in/Multiple-out (MIMO) techniques BC$ W[WQ$XRQ]^%_`$$$$$a$ VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$
  • 31. Don’t let fiber break the bank! •  Fiber is not the only answer for operators deploying HSPA+ & LTE •  Operators need to balance realistic capacity expectations with total cost •  Microwave transport meets the foreseeable capacity needs for mobile backhaul for several years to come BF$ W[WQ$XRQ]^%_`$$$$$a$ VWX+W%Y$BEQKZ$MJBB$
  • 33. Audience Poll #1 How realistic are the current LTE user throughput expectations? % BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com © Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
  • 34. Audience Poll #2 In the next 5 years, what proportion of new HSPA + and LTE cellsites will be connected by fiber? % % % % BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com © Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
  • 35. About 4Ggear: The 4G Equipment Analysis Service BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com © Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.
  • 36. Contact Information 410 rue des Recollets, Suite 301 Montreal, QC, H2Y 1W2 CANADA (305) 992-3196 (514) 313-5465 info@maravedis-bwa.com www.maravedis-bwa.com BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com © Copyright All Rights Reserved 2011 Maravedis Inc.