1. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1
PowerPoint Presentation to Accompany
GO! All In One
Chapter 1
Computer History, Fundamentals, and Operating
Systems

2. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2
Objectives
• Understand Computers:
Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
• Identify Computer Fundamentals
• Recognize Operating Systems and Their
Functions
• Utilize Standalone Operating Systems
• Use System Utilities

3. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3
Understand Computers:
Yesterday, Today, and
Tomorrow
• Word processor: An application used to
create documents and automatically
check spelling and grammar in a
document
• Internet: A connected system of
computers used to search for
information

4. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4
Understand Computers:
Yesterday, Today, and
Tomorrow
• Online banking: An Internet application
provided by a bank to conduct banking
operations via the Internet
• Online classes: Instruction offered over
the Internet, using learning
management software

5. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5
• GPS systems: Computing devices that
provide driving directions from a current
location to a destination entered
• ATM: Automatic teller machine enabling
financial transactions in public places
• Mobile telephone: Telecommunication
device with features such as Internet
connectivity
Understand Computers:
Yesterday, Today, and
Tomorrow

6. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6
Identify Computer
Fundamentals
• A computer is a electronic device that
performs the four basic operations that
comprise the information processing
cycle (IPOS): Input, Processing, Output,
and Storage

7. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 7
Identify Computer
Fundamentals
• Input: The action of entering data
• Processing: The manipulation of the
input data
• Output: The display of the information
• Storage: The action of saving
information for later use

8. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8
Identify Computer
Fundamentals
• Computer system: Collection of related
components (hardware and software)
that work together to accomplish a task
• Hardware: Physical components of the
computer and its related devices
• Software: Programs that enable the
computer’s hardware to run the
application software

9. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9
Identify Computer
Fundamentals
• System unit: The base unit of the computer
• Motherboard: A circuit board connecting the
central processing unit (CPU) with other
system components
• CPU: Acts as the brain of the computer
• Peripheral devices: Components outside
the system unit that are connected
physically or wirelessly to the system
(examples: keyboard, mice, monitors)

10. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 10
Identify Computer
Fundamentals
• Application software: Programs that
direct the computer to carry out a task
(examples: document processing or
playing a game)
• System software: Programs that enable
the computer’s hardware to work with
and run the application software

11. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 11
Identify Computer
Fundamentals
• Information: Data organized in a useful
manner
• Algorithm: Series of steps a computer
program uses to perform a task
• Memory: A device where information
can be stored and retrieved

12. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12
Identify Computer
Fundamentals
• Memory chip: Integrated circuit devoted
to memory storage
• Random Access Memory (RAM):
Temporarily stores the programs and
data with which the CPU is interacting
• Storage device: Hardware that retains
data even when machine is turned off
– Secondary storage (Examples: Universal
Serial Bus [USB] flash drive or CD)

13. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 13
Identify Computer
Fundamentals
• Communications: High-speed exchange
of information within and between
computers or other communications
devices
• Communications device: Connects
computer to a network, allowing
communication
– Examples:
• Modem
• Network interface card (NIC)

14. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 14
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
• Booting: The process of loading the
operating system into memory
– Cold boot: Starting a computer that has not
yet been turned on
– Warm boot: Restarting a computer that is
already on

15. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 15
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
• Restarting a computer

16. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 16
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
• Six steps to starting a computer:

17. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 17
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
• Kernel: The central part of the operating
system that manages memory, files,
and devices; launches applications; and
allocates system resources from hard
disk to RAM memory
– Memory resident and remains in RAM
• Nonresident: Less frequently used
portions of the operating system stored
on the hard disk

18. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 18
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
• Sleep state: Transfers the current state
of computer to RAM
• Hibernate state: Saves battery power
• Hybrid sleep state:
Combines sleep
and hibernate

19. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 19
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
• Activate BIOS and Setup Program
• BIOS: Basic input/output system
• POST: Power on self-test

20. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 20
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions

21. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
• Account: User name, password, and
allotted storage space
• Multitasking operating systems: Permit
more than one application to run at the
same time and can manage multiple
applications running simultaneously

22. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 22
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions

23. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 23
• Access Windows Task Manager by
pressing Ctrl + Alt + Del, select the Start
Task Manager option, and then click the
Processes tab
• Paging: The process of transferring files
from the hard disk to RAM and back
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions

24. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 24
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions

25. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 25
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions

26. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 26
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions

27. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 27
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
• Syntax: Set of rules for entering
commands

28. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 28
Utilize Standalone Operating
Systems
• Windows Operating Systems Timeline

29. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 29
Utilize Standalone Operating
Systems
• Microsoft Windows 7: Was released in
late 2009 and is available in six different
versions: Starter, Home Basic, Home
Premium, Professional, Enterprise, and
Ultimate
– Includes features to make your system and
its components simpler

30. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 30
Utilize Standalone Operating
Systems
• Windows 7 Features

31. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 31
Utilize Standalone Operating
Systems

32. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 32
• MAC OS: Original Macintosh operating
system
• MAC OS X Snow Leopard: Released in
2009, occupies up to 50 percent less
RAM than the previous version
• Linux: Freeware operating system for
personal computers
Utilize Standalone Operating
Systems

33. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 33
Use System Utilities
• System utilities: Programs that work in
tandem with the operating system and
perform services that keep the
computer system running smoothly

34. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 34
Use System Utilities
• Antivirus software: Protects a computer
from computer viruses
• File manager: Helps organize and
manage the data stored on disk
• Disk scanning program: Detects and
resolves physical and logical problems
that can occur when your computer
stores files on a disk

35. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 35
Use System Utilities
• Bad sector: Portion of the disk that is
unable to store data reliably
• Disk cleanup utility: Improves system
performance and increases storage by
removing files, but does not correct any
problems

36. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 36
Use System Utilities
• Disk defragmentation program: Program
that reorganizes data on the disk so that
file pieces are reassembled as one chunk
of disk space, which decreases search
time
• File compression utility: Enables the
exchange of programs and data efficiently
by reducing the size of a file

37. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 37
Use System Utilities
• Archive: Single file that contains two or
more files stored in a compressed
format along with additional information
• Windows Update: Keeps the operating
system up to date with fixes; also called
service packs
• Boot disk: A storage device

38. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 38
Use System Utilities
• Safe mode: Operating mode in which
Windows loads a minimal set of drivers
known to function correctly

39. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 39
Covered Objectives
• Understand Computers: Yesterday,
Today, and Tomorrow
• Identify Computer Fundamentals
• Recognize Operating Systems and Their
Functions
• Utilize Standalone Operating Systems
• Use System Utilities

40. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 40
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall