The document discusses energy sources, production, and usage. It begins with an outline that covers the presenter, energy resources and usage, techniques for producing energy, debates around energy, and the future of energy. It then explores topics like different energy sources, how consumption has increased over time and varied between places, debates around energy including environmental and safety issues, and potential future directions for energy. Throughout it provides examples, diagrams, and encourages discussion and questions from students.

1. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 1
Few things I know
about « ENERGY »
Intervention en classe de CM2b
Guillaume FERY
June 2013

2. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 2
Plan de l'expose
L'intervenant
L'energie: ressources et usages
La technique: « fabriquer » de l’energie
Le cote obscur de la force : les sujets qui font debat
L'avenir, notre avenir
Vos questions

3. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 3
Reactions a ces images ?

4. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 4
Abordons le sujet a travers 3 aspects
De la source a l’usage en passant par la creation d’energie
LES SOURCESSOURCES
D'ENERGIE:
Le petrole
Le vent
La mer
Le bois
Le soleil
Fusion nucleaire
Etc.
LES USAGESUSAGES
Chauffage
Automobile
Avion
Fer a repasser
Cuisine
Chauff-eau, etc.
LES TYPES D’ENERGIES
(« vecteurs »)
Electricite
Gaz
Essence
Kerozene
Vapeur
1 2 3

5. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 5
Quelles sont nos sources d’energie?
Consumption of primary energy resource
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
petrol Coal natural gas biomass &
waste
nuclear
Source AIE >80% of the resource come from fossile energy
1
Consequence?

6. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 6
Evolution
Expliquez pourquoi cette “explosion”
Quels sont les usages qui ses sont developpes ?
Quand? Ou? Sous quelle influence?
Et dans le futur? Pourra-t-on continuer?
1

7. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 7
Meme a la maison, les
usages explosent !
3

8. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 8
Usages finaux de l'énergie3
Kerozene
Diesel
Essence
Chauffage
Eclairage
Electricite (tapis
roulants, etc.)
Chaudieres
Robots
Presses
Eclairage
Soudures
Etc.
Usages
domestiques:
chauffage,
eclairage,
electromenager,
fer a repasser, etc.

9. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 9
Difference beetwen resource, types of energy and usage
=> energy vectors
Sources : French Academy of Technologies
1
2
3

10. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 10
La technique
Comment “fabrique-t-on de l’energie”?
Pourriez-vous
citer des moyens
de creer de
l’energie?

11. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 11
Power generation
Exemple simplifie de l’electricite

12. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 12
Comment faire de l’electricite
a partir du charbon ?

13. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 13
D’un pays a l’autre, des approches
differentes dans le rapport a
l’energie.
(disponibilite, acces, cout, usages)

14. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 14
Deux “mondes” …
Afrique Las Vegas(USA)
Pourriez-vous dire en quoi et
pourquoi des pays n’ont pas les
memes usages de l’energie?
Climat, existence de
ressources, opinion publique,
richesse, etc.

15. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 15
Consumption
 A chinese has a yearly consumption of 1 Ton of oil
equivalent (toe) while european need 4 and an American 8.
 The USA weight 5% of the world’s population but consume
25% of the total energy

16. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 16
Energy access
 In the world, about 2 billion people have no
access to modern energy
 With no access to energy, wood is the only way
to cook and heat => impact on deforestation
 Decentralized systems are a good way to solve
environmental problems and enable
development
 With electricity => television, fridge, telephone,
pumps, etc.

17. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 17
ACTIVITE
La classe se separe en 5 groupes.
On prend 5 minutes pour repondre.
On presente ensuite sa reponse a la classe (sous
toutes ses formes = dessin, mime, chanson,
phrase)
Un extraterrestre arrive sur Terre
Expliquez lui de la maniere que vous
voulez ce que c'est que l'energie
Hello
WIX

18. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 18
Le cote obscure…
Il existe des points negatifs et de debats
autour des questions d’energie
Pourriez-vous citer des points
de debats et dire pourquoi?

19. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 19
La production d’energie a des effects negatifs, des
limites et alimente des critiques et des oppositions
= le cote obscure de l’energie
• Car ce sont des ressources fossiles
• Certaines energies ne sont pas
disponibles tout le temps
• Car cela provoque des emissions
polluantes, visibles et invisibles
• Car cela presente des risques
• Car cela diffuse des polluants
• Car cela conduit a etre dependant de
certains pays (guerre?)
• Car cela conduit a faire travailler des gens
dans des conditions difficiles (mines)

20. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 20
Environmental risks
Maree noire, accidents
Piper Alpha, Amocco, BP

21. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 21
Nuclear risks
• Radioactivite
• Acceptance
• Example:
– Tchernobyl 1986
– Fukushima 2011

22. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 22
Tout ca coute cher ! …

23. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 23
Pollution atmospherique
• Smog in London (1952)
• Temperature + hiver + charbon = smog
• Impact sur la sante (enfants, personnes agees)
D’autres pollutions causent de l’asthme

24. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 24
Gaspillage? Efficacite energetique ? Attitudes ?
• Autos
• Appareils en veille
• Non sens?
Les appareils en veille augmentent la facture d’électricité de 10%
C’est beau … mais a quel prix ?

25. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 25
Exemple d’une utilisation intensive d’energie.
A vous de juger …

26. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 26
Renewables is great, but ...
Public acceptance + transport issues
Renewable ? Transport is key = How to manage the network ?
Need for many new wind farms. Land use ?
Need for robust grid = acceptance of new aerial networks

27. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 27
Aspects humains
Dans certains pays, l’exploitation du charbon se fait dans des
conditions tres difficiles pour les travailleurs

28. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 28
Impacts environnementaux
Effet de serre et CO2
L’explosion des emissions
Le CO2 est responsible de l’effet de serre
qui est responsible du dereglement
climatique (Climate Change)

29. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 29
Impacts environnementaux
CO2 Emissions

30. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 30
UNE DEBAT ENTRE DEUX GROUPES
La classe se separe en 2 groupes.
On prend 5 minutes pour preparer ses arguments.
On presente ses arguments
L’autre groupe pose des questions.
On interverti les roles
Groupe 1: va trouver des arguments pour expliquer pourquoi il
est important de developper plus de sources d’energie,
explorer plus de petrole, des gaz de schiste, du nucleaire, etc.
Pour le progres de l’humanite.
Groupe 2: va trouver des arguments pour expliquer pourquoi il
vaut mieux tout faire pour limiter nos besoins, comment faire
des economies et se passer de choses plus ou moins
indispensables.

31. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 31
Le FUTUR
Alors on fait quoi?
Pourriez-vous citer des
pistes pour le futur?

32. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 32
Facts: energy and the city
 By 2030, 60% of the world’s
population will live in urban areas
(49% in 2007)
 Architecture & planning have big
impact. 2 similar cities can have
different energy needs. 2.5 million
people and … :
 Atlanta : 4300 KM² and 7.5 T
CO2/hab/year
 Barcelona : 162 KM² and 0.7 T
CO2/hab/year
 Energy price raise will impact people
localisation, lifestyle and city planning

33. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 33
What scenario ?
Clear rules versus uncertainty
Uncertainty
Technological
Policies
Economy
Demography
Finance
A need for
FLEXIBILITY
In the long term;
scenarios should allow
flexibility, not closing
any door, able to
adapt and cope with
various technologies
and emerging usages
(electric vehicle,
energy stotrage, shale
gas, etc.)

34. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 34
Towards energy in 2050
Recommandations ?
Both sides : supply and demand
Focus on sober homes and sober industries
Empower energy efficiency
Anticipate impacts of any policy or economic
initiative on jobs, CO2 emissions, investment
capabilities, balance of trade
Need for costs and prices transparency
Work at continent level (Europe)
Establish world standards for nuclear safety
Keep the doors open and keep an eye on any
trends and technologies. Meanwhile use current
technologies to remain nimble flexible to face
demand.

35. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 35
L’energie est precieuse, comme un cadeau …
et de plus en plus
Citez trois raisons pour lesquelles il faudra etre attentif a l’utilisation
de l’energie dans le futur, avant que cela ne devienne un vrai luxe

36. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 36
Energy needs are growing and energy is a lever to develop the economy
… but don’t forget :
 In the world, about 2 billion people have no access to moderne
energy
 At least 70% of humanity lives on less than $10 a day
 Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to read a
book or sign their names.
 Approximately half the world’s population now live in cities and
towns. In 2005, approximately 1 billion people was living in slum
conditions.
http://www.un.org/fr/millenniumgoals/
En guise de conclusion

37. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 37
Follow the links …
 http://www.iea.org/
 http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/
 http://www.energystar.gov
 http://www.world-nuclear.org
 http://www.cleanenergystates.org/
 http://www.ademe.fr
 http://www.masdar.ae/en/home/index.aspx

38. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 38
Thank you for your attention.
Any questions ?
Guillaume FERY
Juin 2013

39. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 39
Appendix

40. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 40

41. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 41
Global trends
Rising energy needs, worldwide
Growth in emerging countries
Predominent marketshare for fossile energy in the long term
Booming market for unconventional energsources
Saddly, still millions of people with no access to energy

42. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 42
 Heating: from the ages, to head, to cook and for industrial
processes
 Lighting: with huge technological evolution from gas to
electricity
 Power: for transportation and industrial processes as well
 Raw material: some resource are used directly (gas, oil,
coke)
 Electricity for appliances, devices and motors in our
environment (at home, at work, etc.)
3
Quels sont nos usages de l’energie?

43. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 43
Energy and Industry sector
Less than 1/3 of final energy needs
Energy intensive industries : heavy
industry (coal, steel, chemical, cement)
Goegraphical issues (relatively to energy
cost all around the world)
Energy efficiency could lead to savings up
to 20% in Europe

44. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 44
About energy mix
(examples)
 75% of energy in South Africa comes from coal
(idem in China)
 90% of energy in Algeria come from internal gas
resource
 45% of hydraulic & biomass in Brazil
 35% energy come from imported oil in Italy
=> Impact on CO2 emissions and energy
independance (+geostrategy issues as well)

45. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 45
Energy & the buildings
 In France, 46% of final demand come from the
buildings
 69% for heating
 19% for hot water
 12% for electricity
 Key issues for the future
 Insulation
 Home automation, regulation
 Energy efficiency
 Eco materials

46. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 46
Jobs, national economies
and competitiveness
Need to build strong industries
Green and energy jobs
Don't rely just on the internal market
Don't rely on subsidies
Need for some clarity on national policies (IE Feed
In tarifs, etc.)
Manage transition and change = training,
educational system, etc.
Think globally, energy is already to be managed at
continental level, not just national.
A need for transparency
Real energy prices
Give customers a fair and true signal = energy is
not cheep

47. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 47
Experts (technical, financials) are key but …
new stakeholders in the energy
debate
MAN IN THE STREET
NGOs
Acceptance
Voice of the customer
LOCAL AUTHORITIES
Big impact on local policies
Construction
City planning
Tansportation

48. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 48
An application for each resource ?
What energy to produce Electricty ?
 80% from nuclear in France
 80% from hydraulic in Brazil
 80% from Coal in China
 90% from gas in Algeria

49. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 49
Energy, ressources and contrainsts
Ressources
Peak oil, etc
Carbon targets
International
objectives
Camcun protocol
International green agenda is the first lever to
act and enter a low carbon revolution. Not just
a question of resources.
Carbon emissions today : 30 billions tons
Carbon tagets : 20 billions in 2035, 13 billions in 2050 !
In order to limit global warming at 2°C
RENEWABLES
NUCLEAR
ENERGY EFFCIENCY

50. Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 50
Exemple de la production d’electricite